scholarly journals Genetic diversity of Galium cracoviense Ehrend. (Rubiaceae)- the Polish endemic plant

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Cieślak ◽  
Zbigniew Szeląg
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Mechanical Destruction ◽  
High Level ◽  
Jurassic Limestone

Genetic diversity of <em>Galium cracoviense</em>, a narrow endemic species, limited to the small area in southern Poland and concentrated on Jurassic limestone outcrops near Częstochowa, was examined using the AFLP marker. Twenty nine individuals from three spatially isolated populations were used for the study. AFLP analysis yielded 157 bands, of which 110 (70%) were polymorphic. The AMOVA analysis revealed a substantially higher variation within populations (89.35%) than among them (10.65%). Values of parameters describing population genetic diversity, such as Shannon index and gene diversity index estimated for each population, were highly similar. The results indicate a high level of genetic polymorphism as well as a high genetic similarity of the isolated populations of <em>G. cracoviense</em> and thus an unconstrained gene flow between them. Based on the results we conclude that additional demographic and genetic studies, are necessary to monitor potential decrease of populations size resulting mainly from the mechanical destruction of plants and their habitats caused by intense tourism. Due to the small general range of occurrence, conservation should include the highest possible number of populations of <em>G. cracoviense</em>.

scholarly journals DNA barcode reference libraryconstruction and population genetic diversity and structure analysis of Amomum villosum Lour. in Daodi production area

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Danchun ◽  
Xiaoxia Ding ◽  
Wan Guan ◽  
Juan Huang ◽  
He Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Amomum Villosum

Abstract Background: The Amomum villosum has the situation that it is inferior and other other varieties are used as A. villosum in the market. In order to develop and utilize the genuine medicinal materials A. villosum, this experiment aims to carry out the identification and research of variety of the A. villosum and analyze its genetic diversity, constructing the DNA barcode database of the genuine medicinal materials A. villosum in Guangdong Province and providing recommendations for populations planting, which will be critical to the further research of A. villosum. (2) Methods: A total of 141 samples of A. villosum were analyzed by DNA barcoding to construct DNA barcode database. The genetic diversity of A. villosum sampled from 7 populations in Guangdong Province was detected based on ISSR molecular marker technology. (3) Results: The success rates of PCR amplification and sequencing of five barcodes of A. villosumwas rbcL> ITS > ITS2 >psbA-trnH>matK. 141 samples of A. villosum from 7 populations in Guangdong Province were used to construct a reference DNA barcode database containing 531 sequences. The results of genetic diversity were as follow, the number of alleles Na ranged from 1.2879 to 1.7121, the effective number of alleles Ne ranged from 1.1848 to 1.4240, the gene diversity index (H) ranged from 0.2536 to 0.1117, and the Shannon index (I) ranged from 0.3816 to 0.1658, whichindicatedthegenetic diversity of A.Villosum was rich. The total genetic diversity among the 7 populations (Ht) was 0.3299, the genetic diversity within the populations (Hs) was 0.1819, and the gene differentiation coefficient (Gst) was 0.4487. AMOVA showed that the genetic variation within the populations and the genetic variation between the populations accounted for 68.74% (P<0.05) and 31.26% (P<0.05) respectively, indicating that the genetic variation of A. villosum was mainly within the populations. The gene flow Nm was 0.6143.The genetic distance of the 7 populations was 0.0844 - 0.3347, and the genetic identity was 0.7156 - 0.9191, confirming that the genetic relationship of each population was relatively close. The 7 populations were significantly grouped in the cluster analysis and the genetic level of each population from high to low was as follow: ZY (National Highway Roadside) > ZJD (Zhongjiaodong) > GY (Geopark) >MM (Dianbai) > YC (Dadong Village) > XFC (Xingfu Village) > TK (Tankui Village). There was no correlation between the geographic distance and the degree of genetic differentiation among populations. Conclusion: By amplifying and sequencing five barcodes of ITS2, psbA-trnH, ITS, matK and rbcL, a reference DNA barcode database of A. villosum with 531 sequences was constructed. The results of genetic diversity showed that it is necessary to take appropriate in situ protection measures for the populations of A. villosum in Yangchun City and increase the genetic exchange between populations to improve the genetic diversity of A. villosum.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Rice Field Eel (Monopterus albus) in China Based on RAPD Analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
RONG-BIAN WEI ◽  
GAO-FENG QIU ◽  
RU SONG
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Monopterus Albus ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Rice Field Eel ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
China Mainland

The genetic diversity of seven populations of Monopterus albus from China, i.e., Yancheng, Mianyang, Baoding, Suqian, Anshun, Shaoyang and Nanning, was studied based on RAPD analysis. Thirteen of 50 arbitrate primers were screened to detect 122 polymorphic loci in 72 individuals. Shannon index, Nei’s gene diversity coefficient and percentage of polymorphic loci analysis consistently indicated that Mianyang and Yancheng populations displayed the largest diversity information, followed by Baoding, Suqian, Nanning, Anshun and Shaoyang in order. The genetic variations were found partitioned mainly within rather than among populations, as the latter accounted for only a small portion of variations (27.9％ by AMOVA). Genetic differentiation existed among all the populations (Gst = 0.1798), with a gene flow of 2.2813.The overall Shannon index and Nei’s gene diversity index was 0.4991 and 0.3302 respectively. Inferred from genetic distance, a phylogenetic dendrogram was also constructed by UPGMA method for the seven populations. Generally speaking, low genetic diversity was shown for all these populations of M. albus in China mainland.

scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Promising Castor Been (Ricinus communis L.) Genotypes in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-474
Author(s):  
Bolaji Zuluqurineen SALIHU ◽  
Olamide Ahmed FALUSI ◽  
Adeyinka Olufemi ADEPOJU ◽  
Ibrahim Wasiu AROLU ◽  
Oladipupo Yusuf DAUDU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Ricinus Communis L

Castor oil plant (Ricinus communis L.) is an important oil crop with little research attention in Nigeria. In the present research, extent of genetic diversity among 20 Nigerian castor genotypes was determined using morphological descriptors and molecular markers. The genotypes were laid out on a randomized complete block design with three replicated plots. Molecular genotyping of the genotypes was carried out using genomic Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR). The genotypes revealed high divergence in seed colour, seed shape, seed mottle, seed caruncle and seed sizes. Seedling establishment varied from 70.18% (in Acc. 006) to 93.25% (Acc. 001) with average mean of 81.53%. Raceme length ranged from 15.90 cm to 29.54 cm with population mean of 20.80 cm. The highest seed yield (1222.98 kg/ha) was recorded in Acc. 001 and the least (611.46 kg/ha) was observed in Acc. 006. Seed oil content varied between 32.15% in Acc. 042 and 54.03% in Acc. 006. Agglomerative cluster dendrogram constructed from morphological data showed random distribution of the genotypes into three cluster groups irrespective of the sources/collection points. The genetic diversity based on SSR Marker Analysis revealed high average expected heterozygosity (0.74), Polymorphic information content (0.68), Nei’s gene diversity index (0.72) and Shannon's Information index (1.43). The dendrogram constructed from molecular data grouped the twenty genotypes into three groups at coefficient of 0.34. From these findings, it showed that the twenty genotypes evaluated are divergent in nature and they could serve as good genetic material for castor breeding in Nigeria.

Genetic Variation in Invasive Populations of Yellow Toadflax (Linaria vulgaris) in the Western United States

Weed Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Ward ◽  
Scott D. Reid ◽  
Judy Harrington ◽  
Jason Sutton ◽  
K George Beck
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Restricted Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Yellow Toadflax

Intraspecific genetic variation may contribute significantly to invasiveness and control problems, but has been characterized to date in relatively few invasive weed species. We examined 56 intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) loci in 220 individuals from 11 invading populations of yellow toadflax sampled across five western states. All populations showed high levels of genetic diversity. Estimated values for Shannon's diversity measure ranged from 0.217 to 0.388, and for expected heterozygosity from 0.178 to 0.260. Nei's total gene diversity index (HT), on the basis of all individuals across all populations, was 0.267. Partitioning of genetic variance using analysis of molecular variance revealed 1.7% of genetic variation among regional population groups, 29.1% among populations within groups, and 69.2% within populations, consistent with expectations for an outcrossing species but suggesting little geographic differentiation. Pairs of adjacent individuals identical at all ISSR loci that appeared to be ramets of a single clone were detected in only one population. This indicates that patch expansion in yellow toadflax is driven more by sexual reproduction via seed than by rhizomatous clonal spread, at least at the spatial scale of sampling for this study. Eight populations had significant values for Mantel's R at P = 0.05, suggesting some fine-scale positive genetic structuring, possibly from restricted gene flow. Population clustering on the basis of Nei's genetic distance between populations and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean did not reflect geographic location. It is likely that multiple introductions of this species have occurred across the Intermountain West, followed by extensive genetic recombination. High levels of genetic diversity within yellow toadflax populations pose management challenges, as already seen in reports of variable response to herbicide application and limited impacts of biocontrol agent releases.

Genetic Diversity Among Garlic Clones as Revealed by Aflp, Phenotypic Descriptors and S-Amino Acids Level

2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslava Ovesná ◽  
Ladislav Kučera ◽  
Jana Králová ◽  
Leona Leišová ◽  
Helena Stavělíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
High Level

Genetic Diversity Among Garlic Clones as Revealed by Aflp, Phenotypic Descriptors andS-Amino Acids LevelGarlic (Allium sativumL.) belongs to well known vegetables. Garlic is considered a valuable source of health benefit compounds.S-amino acids, namelyS-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxides, are one of the major garlic constituents. We evaluated a set of garlic genetics resources representing namely valuable germplasm from Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland and former Soviet Union. We showed that differences exist among analysed genotypes inS-amino acids (alliin/methiin) level and donors of high level of alliin/methiin can be identified. High alliin/methiin level was found within genetic resources and registered cultivars under the use. Level of alliin and isoalliin did not correlate with measured level of methiin. Donors of high methiin level were found within accessions marked as being "wild" in EVIGEZ database. Sufficient variability was found by AFLP analysis as well. Accessions were divided by PCA basically into two categories: hardnecks (Ophioscorodongroup,Longicuspisgroup) and softneck (sativum group). Presented work showes possibility to find suitable donors of biologically active compounds in garlic.

scholarly journals Population Genetics of Echium plantagineum L.Target Weed for Biological Control

1986 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
JJ Burdon ◽  
AHD Brown
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
Source Populations ◽  
High Level ◽  
Similar Stage ◽  
Isozyme Diversity ◽  
European Populations

Eight Australian and two European populations of E. plantagineum were surveyed for their genetic structure at 16 variable isozyme loci. On average, the Australian and European populations possessed 2�7 and 2�6 alleles per locus, a gene diversity of 34 and 35% and heterozygosity of 32 and 29% respectively. Estimates of the outcrossing rate in one Australian population were 61 and 73% for mean single-locus and multi-locus methods respectively. The levels of genetic diversity detected in this species consistently exceed those detected in a range of other species that occupy a similar stage in succession or that have similar breeding systems. Moreover, contrary to expectation, genetic diversity was equally great in the colonial populations in Australia as in European-source populations. If this high level of isozyme diversity reflects the diversity likely to be found in other parts of the genome, attempts to achieve substantial biological control may require the use of many different control agents.

scholarly journals Molecular diversity and phylogeny of Triticum-Aegilops species possessing D genome revealed by SSR and ISSR markers

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoda Moradkhani ◽  
Ali Ashraf Mehrabi ◽  
Alireza Etminan ◽  
Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Issr Marker ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Marker Data ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe aim of this study is investigation the applicability of SSR and ISSR markers in evaluating the genetic relationships in twenty accessions ofAegilopsandTriticumspecies with D genome in different ploidy levels. Totally, 119 bands and 46 alleles were detected using ten primers for ISSR and SSR markers, respectively. Polymorphism Information Content values for all primers ranged from 0.345 to 0.375 with an average of 0.367 for SSR, and varied from 0.29 to 0.44 with the average 0.37 for ISSR marker. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that 81% (ISSR) and 84% (SSR) of variability was partitioned among individuals within populations. Comparing the genetic diversity ofAegilopsandTriticumaccessions, based on genetic parameters, shows that genetic variation ofAe. crassaandAe. tauschiispecies are higher than other species, especially in terms of Nei’s gene diversity. Cluster analysis, based on both markers, separated total accessions in three groups. However, classification based on SSR marker data was not conformed to classification according to ISSR marker data. Principal co-ordinate analysis (PCoA) for SSR and ISSR data showed that, the first two components clarified 53.48% and 49.91% of the total variation, respectively. This analysis (PCoA), also, indicated consistent patterns of genetic relationships for ISSR data sets, however, the grouping of accessions was not completely accorded to their own geographical origins. Consequently, a high level of genetic diversity was revealed from the accessions sampled from different eco-geographical regions of Iran.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Endangered Catfish Rita rita (Hamilton, 1822) Revealed by Heterologous DNA Microsatellite Markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD FORHAD ALI ◽  
◽  
MD. RAFIQUL ISLAM SARDER ◽  
MOHAMMAD MATIUR RAHMAN ◽  
MD. FAZLUL AWAL MOLLAH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Information Index ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
High Gene ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dna Microsatellite

Genetic information is essential for conservation and future aquaculture development of the endangered catfish Rita rita (Hamilton, 1822). Two hundred catfish, R. rita, 50 from four rivers, the Old Brahmaputra, Jamuna, Meghna and Kangsa were collected and analysed to evaluate the genetic diversity and population structure using five microsatellite primers (Cba06-KUL, Cba08-KUL, Cba09-KUL, Phy03-KUL and Phy07-KUL). Four of the five amplified loci were found polymorphic (P95) in all the populations and 46 alleles were recorded with 9 to 14 alleles per locus. Differences were observed in the total number of alleles ranging from 41 to 44, effective number of alleles from 29.96 to 37.46, observed heterozygosity from 0.57 to 0.76, Shannon’s information index from 2.09 to 2.30 and polymorphic information content from 0.84 to 0.88 among the four populations. Results exposed the highest levels of genetic diversity in the Meghna population while the lowest in the Kangsa population of R. rita. All the populations were significantly deviated (P < 0.001) from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for all the loci. Nei’s genetic distance between populations ranged 0.007 to 0.017 with low overall genetic difference FST = 0.011 and high gene flow Nm = 24.333, indicating that R. rita populations were not subdivided. This study revealed a high level of gene diversity with deficiency in genetic heterogeneity in all the populations of R. rita, emphasising natural management, conservation and rehabilitation measures of this species.

scholarly journals Using microsatellite markers to analyze genetic diversity in 14 sheep types in Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Taghi Vajed Ebrahimi ◽  
Mohammadreza Mohammadabadi ◽  
Ali Esmailizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Pair Group

Abstract. Investigation of genetic relationship among populations has been traditionally based on the analysis of allele frequencies at different loci. The prime objective of this research was to measure the genetic polymorphism of five microsatellite markers (McMA2, BM6444, McMA26, HSC, and OarHH35) and study genetic diversity of 14 sheep types in Iran. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of 565 individuals using an optimized salting-out DNA extraction procedure. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was successfully performed with the specific primers. Some locus–population combinations were not at Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0. 05). The microsatellite analysis revealed high allelic and gene diversity in all 14 breeds. Pakistani and Arabi breeds showed the highest mean number of alleles (11.8 and 11 respectively), while the highest value for polymorphic information content was observed for the Arabi breed (0.88). A UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) dendrogram based on the Nei's standard genetic distance among studied breeds showed a separate cluster for Arabi and Pakistani breeds and another cluster for other breeds. The Shannon index (H0) for McMA2, BM6444, McMA26, HSC, and OarHH35 was 2.31, 2.17, 2.27, 2.04 and 2.18, respectively, and polymorphic information content (PIC) values were 0.88, 0.92, 0.87, 0.84, and 0.86 for McMA2, BM6444, McMA26, HSC, and OarHH35, respectively. The high degree of variability demonstrated within the studied sheep types implies that these populations are rich reservoirs of genetic diversity that must be preserved.

scholarly journals Utilization of Phytochemical and Molecular Diversity to Develop a Target-Oriented Core Collection in Tea Germplasm

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1667
Author(s):  
Do Yoon Hyun ◽  
Gwang-Yeon Gi ◽  
Raveendar Sebastin ◽  
Gyu-Taek Cho ◽  
Seong-Hoon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Phytochemical Variation ◽  
Entire Collection ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Direct Use

Tea has received attention due to its phytochemicals. For the direct use of tea germplasm in breeding programs, a core collection that retains the genetic diversity and various phytochemicals in tea is needed. In this study, we evaluated the content of eight phytochemicals over two years and the genetic diversity through 33 SSR (simple sequence repeats) markers for 462 tea accessions (entire collection, ENC) and developed a target-oriented core collection (TOCC). Significant phytochemical variation was observed in the ENC between genotypes and years. The genetic diversity of ENC showed high levels of molecular variability. These results were incorporated into developing TOCCs. The TOCC showed a representation of the ENC, where the mean difference percentage, the variance difference percentage, the variable rate of coefficient of variance percentage, and the coincidence rate of range percentage were 7.88, 39.33, 120.79, and 97.43, respectively. The Shannon’s diversity index (I) and Nei’s gene diversity (H) of TOCC were higher than those of ENC. Furthermore, the accessions in TOCC were shown to be selected proportionally, thus accurately reflecting the distribution of the overall accessions for each phytochemical. This is the first report describing the development of a TOCC retaining the diversity of phytochemicals in tea germplasm. This TOCC will facilitate the identification of the genetic determinants of trait variability and the effective utilization of phytochemical diversity in crop improvement programs.

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