scholarly journals Chiral changes of cortical microtubule orientations in epidermls of sunflower hypocotyls. The effect of blue and red light

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Burian
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cortical Microtubule ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
Lower Region ◽  
Special Regard ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Cell Position

Light and developmental processes affect the cortical microtubule (cMT) orientation. The cMT orientation with a special regard to its chirality was analyzed under the outer epidermal cell walls in different regions of sunflower hypocotyls kept in darkness and after irradiation with blue and red light. The results show that the cMT orientation depends on the cell position along hypocotyl, but generally cMTs are oblique. The oblique orientation has defined chirality: either of Z-form (right-handed) or S-form (left-handed). In the lower region of hypocotyls the Z-form dominates. After irradiation of hypocotyls with blue light this domination has been maintained and appeared also in the upper region. In contrast, after irradiation with red light the Z-form domination has not been apparent. It is proposed that in darkness, variations of cMT orientations in the epidermis along the hypocotyl are due to developmental processes, while blue and red light affect the cMT orientation via "shifting" these processes backward and forward, respectively.

Directional blue light irradiation triggers epidermal cell elongation of abaxial side resulting in inhibition of leaf epinasty in geranium under red light condition

2008 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoya Fukuda ◽  
Mitsuko Fujita ◽  
Yoshitaka Ohta ◽  
Sadanori Sase ◽  
Shigeo Nishimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Abaxial Side

scholarly journals Blue/green light-responsive cyanobacteriochromes are cell shade sensors in red-light replete niches

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen Enomoto ◽  
Masahiko Ikeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Cell Aggregation ◽  
Cell Position

SummaryPhotoautotrophic cyanobacteria have developed sophisticated light response systems to capture and utilize the energy and information of incident light [1]. Cyanobacteria-specific photoreceptors cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs) are distantly related to more widespread phytochromes. CBCRs show the most diverse spectral properties among the naturally occurring photoreceptors, typified by a unique and prevailing blue/green light-absorbing variant [2–6]. However, where the CBCR-mediated ‘colorful’ signaling systems function in nature has been elusive. We previously reported that the three CBCRs SesA/B/C synthesize/degrade a bacterial second messenger cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) in response to blue/green light [6–8]. The cooperative action of SesA/B/C enables blue light-ON and green light-OFF regulation of the c-di-GMP-dependent cell aggregation of the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus vulcanus [8, 9]. Here, we report that SesA/B/C can serve as a physiological sensor of cell density. Because cyanobacterial cells show lower transmittance of blue light than green light, higher cell density gives more green light-enriched irradiance to cells. The cell density-dependent suppression of cell aggregation under blue/green-mixed light and white light conditions support this idea. Such a sensing mechanism may provide information about the cell position in cyanobacterial mats in hot springs, the natural habitat of Thermosynechococcus. This cell position-dependent SesA/B/C-mediated regulation of cellular sessility (aggregation) might be ecophysiologically essential for the reorganization and growth of phototrophic mats. We also report that the green light-induced dispersion of cell aggregates requires red light-driven photosynthesis. Blue/green CBCRs might work as shade detectors in a different niche than red/far-red phytochromes, which may be why CBCRs have evolved in cyanobacteria.

Ectodesmata as Revealed By Freeze-Etch Preparations of Plant Epidermal Cell Walls

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 468-469
Author(s):  
N.C. Lyon ◽  
W. C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Thin Sections

Schumacher and Halbsguth first demonstrated ectodesmata as pores or channels in the epidermal cell walls in haustoria of Cuscuta odorata L. by light microscopy in tissues fixed in a sublimate fixative (30% ethyl alcohol, 30 ml:glacial acetic acid, 10 ml: 65% nitric acid, 1 ml: 40% formaldehyde, 5 ml: oxalic acid, 2 g: mecuric chloride to saturation 2-3 g). Other workers have published electron micrographs of structures transversing the outer epidermal cell in thin sections of plant leaves that have been interpreted as ectodesmata. Such structures are evident following treatment with Hg++ or Ag+ salts and are only rarely observed by electron microscopy. If ectodesmata exist without such treatment, and are not artefacts, they would afford natural pathways of entry for applied foliar solutions and plant viruses.

scholarly journals Phototropin 1 and dim-blue light modulate the red light de-etiolation response

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e976158
Author(s):  
Yihai Wang ◽  
Kevin M Folta
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Red Light

scholarly journals Single Wavelengths of LED Light Supplement Promote the Biosynthesis of Major Cyclic Monoterpenes in Japanese Mint

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1420
Author(s):  
Takahiro Ueda ◽  
Miki Murata ◽  
Ken Yokawa
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Trichome Formation ◽  
Japanese Mint

Environmental light conditions influence the biosynthesis of monoterpenes in the mint plant. Cyclic terpenes, such as menthol, menthone, pulegone, and menthofuran, are major odor components synthesized in mint leaves. However, it is unclear how light for cultivation affects the contents of these compounds. Artificial lighting using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for plant cultivation has the advantage of preferential wavelength control. Here, we monitored monoterpene contents in hydroponically cultivated Japanese mint leaves under blue, red, or far-red wavelengths of LED light supplements. Volatile cyclic monoterpenes, pulegone, menthone, menthol, and menthofuran were quantified using the head-space solid phase microextraction method. As a result, all light wavelengths promoted the biosynthesis of the compounds. Remarkably, two weeks of blue-light supplement increased all compounds: pulegone (362% increase compared to the control), menthofuran (285%), menthone (223%), and menthol (389%). Red light slightly promoted pulegone (256%), menthofuran (178%), and menthol (197%). Interestingly, the accumulation of menthone (229%) or menthofuran (339%) was observed with far-red light treatment. The quantification of glandular trichomes density revealed that no increase under light supplement was confirmed. Blue light treatment even suppressed the glandular trichome formation. No promotion of photosynthesis was observed by pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM) fluorometry. The present result indicates that light supplements directly promoted the biosynthetic pathways of cyclic monoterpenes.

scholarly journals The Preferences of Different Cultivars of Lettuce Seedlings (Lactuca sativa L.) for the Spectral Composition of Light

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1211
Author(s):  
Barbara Frąszczak ◽  
Monika Kula-Maximenko
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
White Light ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Relative Chlorophyll Content

The spectrum of light significantly influences the growth of plants cultivated in closed systems. Five lettuce cultivars with different leaf colours were grown under white light (W, 170 μmol m−2 s−1) and under white light with the addition of red (W + R) or blue light (W + B) (230 μmol m−2 s−1). The plants were grown until they reached the seedling phase (30 days). Each cultivar reacted differently to the light spectrum applied. The red-leaved cultivar exhibited the strongest plasticity in response to the spectrum. The blue light stimulated the growth of the leaf surface in all the plants. The red light negatively influenced the length of leaves in the cultivars, but it positively affected their number in red and dark-green lettuce. It also increased the relative chlorophyll content and fresh weight gain in the cultivars containing anthocyanins. When the cultivars were grown under white light, they had longer leaves and higher value of the leaf shape index. The light-green cultivars had a greater fresh weight. Both the addition of blue and red light significantly increased the relative chlorophyll content in the dark-green cultivar. The spectrum enhanced with blue light had positive influence on most of the parameters under analysis in butter lettuce cultivars. These cultivars were also characterised by the highest absorbance of blue light.

scholarly journals Guard cells control hypocotyl elongation through HXK1, HY5, and PIF4

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilor Kelly ◽  
Danja Brandsma ◽  
Aiman Egbaria ◽  
Ofer Stein ◽  
Adi Doron-Faigenboim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Hypocotyl Elongation ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Effect Of Light

AbstractThe hypocotyls of germinating seedlings elongate in a search for light to enable autotrophic sugar production. Upon exposure to light, photoreceptors that are activated by blue and red light halt elongation by preventing the degradation of the hypocotyl-elongation inhibitor HY5 and by inhibiting the activity of the elongation-promoting transcription factors PIFs. The question of how sugar affects hypocotyl elongation and which cell types stimulate and stop that elongation remains unresolved. We found that overexpression of a sugar sensor, Arabidopsis hexokinase 1 (HXK1), in guard cells promotes hypocotyl elongation under white and blue light through PIF4. Furthermore, expression of PIF4 in guard cells is sufficient to promote hypocotyl elongation in the light, while expression of HY5 in guard cells is sufficient to inhibit the elongation of the hy5 mutant and the elongation stimulated by HXK1. HY5 exits the guard cells and inhibits hypocotyl elongation, but is degraded in the dark. We also show that the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation by guard cells’ HY5 involves auto-activation of HY5 expression in other tissues. It appears that guard cells are capable of coordinating hypocotyl elongation and that sugar and HXK1 have the opposite effect of light on hypocotyl elongation, converging at PIF4.

The Efficacy of Blue Light versus the Combination of Blue and Red Light Therapy in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Kharazi ◽  
Sahar Dadkhahfar ◽  
Hoda Rahimi ◽  
Mehdi Gheisari ◽  
Nikoo Mozafari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Therapy

The influence of red and blue light on the rate of photosynthesis and the CO2 compensation point at various oxygen concentrations

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1251-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Voskresenskaya ◽  
G. S. Grishina ◽  
S. N. Chmora ◽  
N. M. Poyarkova
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Compensation Point ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Co2 Compensation Point ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
Light Inhibition

Apparent photosynthesis of attached leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris, Vicia faba, Pisum sativum, and Nicotiana tabacum at various intensities of blue and red light was measured by infrared CO2 gas analyzer in a closed system. Simultaneously the CO2 compensation point was measured.It was found that light-limited photosynthetic rate in blue light was equal to or more than that in red light. Inhibition of photosynthesis, which sometimes occurred at light-saturated intensities of blue light, could be avoided by addition of red light, prolonged exposure of the plants to blue light, or by lowering the O2 concentration. Accordingly, the increase of photosynthetic rate due to change of O2 concentration from 21 to 3% O2 is higher in blue light only when photosynthesis is inhibited by blue light at 21% O2. The data on the action of blue and red light on the CO2 compensation point seems to exclude the activation of photorespiration by blue light.The possible effects of blue light on apparent photosynthesis are discussed on the basis of the results presented.

(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3:Eu3+/Bi3+: a novel, highly efficient, red light-emitting material with superior water resistance behavior

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 4707-4715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiwei Zhang ◽  
Haiqin Sun ◽  
Tao Kuang ◽  
Ruiguang Xing ◽  
Xihong Hao
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
White Light ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
White Light Emitting Diodes

Materials emitting red light (∼611 nm) under excitation with blue light (440–470 nm) are highly desired for fabricating high-performance white light-emitting diodes (LEDs).

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