Directional blue light irradiation triggers epidermal cell elongation of abaxial side resulting in inhibition of leaf epinasty in geranium under red light condition

2008 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoya Fukuda ◽  
Mitsuko Fujita ◽  
Yoshitaka Ohta ◽  
Sadanori Sase ◽  
Shigeo Nishimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Abaxial Side

scholarly journals Chiral changes of cortical microtubule orientations in epidermls of sunflower hypocotyls. The effect of blue and red light

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Burian
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cortical Microtubule ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
Lower Region ◽  
Special Regard ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Cell Position

Light and developmental processes affect the cortical microtubule (cMT) orientation. The cMT orientation with a special regard to its chirality was analyzed under the outer epidermal cell walls in different regions of sunflower hypocotyls kept in darkness and after irradiation with blue and red light. The results show that the cMT orientation depends on the cell position along hypocotyl, but generally cMTs are oblique. The oblique orientation has defined chirality: either of Z-form (right-handed) or S-form (left-handed). In the lower region of hypocotyls the Z-form dominates. After irradiation of hypocotyls with blue light this domination has been maintained and appeared also in the upper region. In contrast, after irradiation with red light the Z-form domination has not been apparent. It is proposed that in darkness, variations of cMT orientations in the epidermis along the hypocotyl are due to developmental processes, while blue and red light affect the cMT orientation via "shifting" these processes backward and forward, respectively.

scholarly journals Procuste1 mutants identify two distinct genetic pathways controlling hypocotyl cell elongation, respectively in dark- and light-grown Arabidopsis seedlings

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 683-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Desnos ◽  
V. Orbovic ◽  
C. Bellini ◽  
J. Kronenberger ◽  
M. Caboche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Hypocotyl Elongation ◽  
Growth Defect ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Genetic Pathways ◽  
Blue Light Receptor ◽  
Light Receptor

Plant morphogenesis is dependent on a tight control of cell division and expansion. Cell elongation during post-embryonic hypocotyl growth is under the control of a light-regulated developmental switch. Light is generally believed to exert its effects on hypocotyl elongation through a phytochrome-and blue-light receptor-mediated inhibitory action on a so far unknown cell elongation mechanism. We describe here a new class of allelic mutants in Arabidopsis, at the locus PROCUSTE1 (prc1-1 to −4), which have a hypocotyl elongation defect specifically associated with the dark-grown development program. Normal hypocotyl elongation is restored in plants grown in white, blue or red light. In agreement with this, the constitutive photomorphogenic mutation cop1-6, which induces a de-etiolated phenotype in the dark, is epistatic to prc1-2 for the hypocotyl phenotype. Epistasis analyses in red and blue light respectively, indicate that phytochrome B but not the blue light receptor HY4, is required for the switch from PRC1-dependent to PRC1-independent elongation. The conditional hypocotyl growth defect is associated with a deformation of the hypocotyl surface due to an uncontrolled swelling of epidermal, cortical or endodermal cells, suggesting a defect in the structure of the expanding cell wall. A similar phenotype was observed in elongating roots, which was however, independent of the light conditions. The aerial part of mature mutant plants grown in the light was indistinguishable from the wild type. prc1 mutants provide a means of distinguishing, for the first time, two genetic pathways regulating hypocotyl cell elongation respectively in dark- and light-grown seedlings, whereby light not only inhibits hypocotyl growth, but also activates a PRC1-independent cell elongation program.

scholarly journals Germination responses of seeds of Desmodium triflorum

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niroj Paudel ◽  
Prakash Deep Rai
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
White Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Dark Condition ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Negative Effect

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Germination of <em>Desmodium triflorum</em> is used for the scarification using the acid is valuable for the different light condition.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The sample was collected as four month of interval of time and the seed is treated with acids with different time.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> seeds scarified with sulfuric acids for 10 min before sowing had better germination than those scarified for 5 and 15 min. Among them light qualities, red and white light had slightly promoted effect whereas blue light and dark condition had slightly negative effect on seed germination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In comparison to blue light and dark condition, red light and white light were promoted to percentage germination indicating the role of phytochrome in seed germination of <em>Desmodium triflorum</em>. </p>

The Effects of Red Versus Blue Lights and Neuroticism on Voluntary Biceps Brachii Muscle Contraction

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-266
Author(s):  
Erdal Binboğa ◽  
Serdar Tok ◽  
Mustafa Munzuroğlu ◽  
Aykut Eren Canüzmez ◽  
Nihal Dal
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Biceps Brachii Muscle ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
Median Split

This study investigated the effects of red and blue monochromatic lights and neuroticism on athletes’ maximal isometric voluntary contraction (iMVC) level of the biceps brachii muscle. During elbow flexion, we measured iMVCs under a white light (control) condition and under red and blue light conditions. Under red light (vs. white and blue), participants demonstrated a greater iMVC level. Further, based on a median split of the athletes’ scores on Tatar’s Five Factor Personality Inventory, high and low neuroticism groups showed no red light differences, while, in the blue light condition, participants high in neuroticism increased the iMVC level by 4.04% and those low in neuroticism decreased iMVC level by 6.31%. Thus, the effect of colored light on athletes’ motor output varied with individual personality differences in neuroticism.

scholarly journals Manipulation of Intraday Durations of Blue- and Red-Light Irradiation to Improve Cos Lettuce Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Jishi ◽  
Ryo Matsuda ◽  
Kazuhiro Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Lettuce Growth

The morphology of plants growing under combined blue- and red-light irradiation is affected by the presence or absence of time slots of blue- and red-light mono-irradiation. The purposes of this study were to investigate the morphology and growth of cos lettuce grown under light irradiation combining several durations of blue and red light simultaneously and independent mono-irradiations of blue and red light during the day, and to clarify the effects of the durations of blue-light mono-irradiation and blue-light irradiation. Young cos lettuce seedlings were grown under 24-h blue-light irradiation with a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 110μmol m−2 s−1 (B+0R) or under 24-h blue-light irradiation with a PPFD of 100μmol m−2 s−1 supplemented with 8 (B+8R), 16 (B+16R), and 24-h (B+24R) red-light irradiation with PPFDs of 30, 15, and 10μmol m−2 s−1, respectively (Experiment 1). The daily light integral was 9.50mol m−2 in all treatments. In Experiment 1, leaf elongation was promoted as the duration of red-light irradiation decreased and the duration of blue-light mono-irradiation increased. The maximum shoot dry weight was observed under the B+8R treatment. Growth was likely promoted by the expansion of the light-receptive area caused by moderate leaf elongation without tilting. In Experiment 2, young cos lettuce seedlings were grown as for Experiment 1, but blue- and red-light irradiation intensities were reversed (R+0B, R+8B, R+16B, and R+24B). Leaf elongation was promoted by the absence of blue-light irradiation (R+0B). The leaf surface was increasingly flattened, and the shoot dry weight was enhanced, as the duration of blue-light irradiation increased. Thus, cos lettuce leaf morphology may be manipulated by adjusting each duration of blue-light mono-irradiation, red-light mono-irradiation, and blue- and red-light simultaneous irradiation, which can, in turn, promote cos lettuce growth.

scholarly journals Effect of alternating red and blue light irradiation generated by light emitting diodes on the growth of leaf lettuce

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Shimokawa ◽  
Yuki Tonooka ◽  
Misato Matsumoto ◽  
Hironori Ara ◽  
Hiroshi Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Simultaneous Irradiation ◽  
Leaf Lettuce

Because global climate change has made agricultural supply unstable, plant factories are expected to be a safe and stable means of food production. As the light source of a plant factory or controlled greenhouse, the light emitting diode (LED) is expected to solve cost problems and promote plant growth efficiently. In this study, we examined the light condition created by using monochromatic red and blue LEDs, to provide both simultaneous and alternating irradiation to leaf lettuce. The result was that simultaneous red and blue irradiation promoted plant growth more effectively than monochromatic and fluorescent light irradiation. Moreover, alternating red and blue light accelerated plant growth significantly even when the total light intensity per day was the same as with simultaneous irradiation. The fresh weight in altering irradiation was almost two times higher than with fluorescent light and about 1.6 times higher than with simultaneous irradiation. The growth-promoting effect of alternating irradiation of red and blue light was observed in different cultivars. From the results of experiments, we offer a novel plant growth method named "Shigyo Method", the core concept of which is the alternating irradiation of red and blue light.

Involvement of Two Different Photoreceptors in the Light Regulation of Glutamine Synthetase Activity in a Chlorophyll-Free Chlorella Mutant

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 757-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudrun Meya ◽  
Wolfgang Kowallik
Keyword(s):  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Regulation ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Synthetase Activity ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase Activity ◽  
Continuous Irradiation ◽  
Photosynthetic Mutant

Glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2) activity of a non-photosynthetic mutant of Chlorella kessleri is markedly enhanced under blue and slightly increased under red light. In both cases, the effect is largest after 6 h of irradiation. In blue light, saturation is reached at about 10 μEm-2 s-1; in red light, it is not even indicated at 62 μE m-2 s-1.Semilogarithmic plots of both intensity dependencies reveal different slopes, indicating envolvement of two separate photoreceptors. This feature is supported by different effects of pulse irradiation: The response to 15 min of red light irradiation (λmax 650 nm) increases in subsequent darkness. It reaches the same value as in continuous light after 6 h. The response to 15 min of blue light irradiation (λmax 441 nm) increases also in subsequent darkness. However, after 6 h it reaches only 30% of the value obtained by continuous irradiation.It is concluded that, glutamine synthetase of Chlorella is controlled by two different photoreceptors both independent of photosynthesis. There is evidence of two forms of glutamine synthetase, the intracellular distribution and specific light regulations of these are discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Photoperiod on Chinese Kale (Brassica alboglabra) Sprouts Under White or Combined Red and Blue Light

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxuan Chen ◽  
Zeyuan Chen ◽  
Zunwen Li ◽  
Yijiao Zhao ◽  
Xiaodong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Brassica Alboglabra ◽  
Chinese Kale ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Sprout Growth

To determine the response of Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra) sprouts to photoperiods under different light sources, we used four photoperiods (0-h light/24-h dark, 8-h light/16-h dark, 12-h light/12-h dark, and 16-h light/8-h dark) to investigate their sprout growth and secondary metabolite glucosinolates (GSs) accumulation under white or combined red-and-blue (RB) light sources. We found that the 16-h light condition under RB light produced plants with the greatest dry matter. Sprouts grown under 16-h RB light condition achieved greater length than those under white light. To investigate the role of RB light in plant growth and GS accumulation, we applied RB light sources with different RB ratios (0:10, 2:8, 5:5, 8:2, and 10:0) to cultivate sprouts. The results showed that significant differential accumulation of GSs existed between sprouts grown under blue (RB, 0:10) and red (RB, 10:0) light; there was greater GS content under blue light. The underlying mechanism of differential GS content in sprouts under red or blue light condition was studied using RNA sequencing technique. Interestingly, abundant GS biosynthetic gene transcripts were observed in sprouts grown under red light compared with under blue light. The expression of β-glucosidase family homolog genes related to GS degradation differed under red and blue light conditions, among those TGG4 homolog was detected with higher expression under red light than with blue light. Taking into consideration, the lower GS accumulation in sprouts under red rather than blue light, we conclude that the degradation of GSs may play a key role in sprouts GS homeostasis.

scholarly journals Application of an Automatic Control System of Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density for LED-Low Light Irradiation Storage of Green Plants

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Fujiwara ◽  
Toshinari Sawada ◽  
Yoshikatsu Kimura ◽  
Kenji Kurata
Keyword(s):  
Flux Density ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Low Light

A light-emitting diode (LED)-low light irradiation (LLI) storage system was developed for suppressing the change in dry weight and maintaining the quality of green plants during long-term storage. In this system, the carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange rate was maintained at zero by automatically adjusting the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) with a proportional-integralderivative (PID) controller. The voltage supplied to the LEDs was controlled by the difference between the inflow (400 μmol·mol-1) and outflow CO2 concentrations in the storage case. Grafted tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum; scion = `House Momotaro'; rootstock = `Anchor T') plug seedlings were stored at 10 °C for 35 days under four different LLI conditions as a system operating test: fixed red light irradiation at 2 μmol·m-2·s-1, PID-controlled red light irradiation with no blue light, and PID-controlled red light irradiation with blue light at 0.2 or 1.0 μmol·m-2·s-1. The results showed that the automatic PPFD control during LED-LLI helped suppress changes in dry weight during storage as expected. Furthermore, it was found that addition of a low percentage of blue light improved the morphological appearance of the seedlings and reduced the PPFD required to suppress the change in dry weight.

Light regulates hydrogen sulfide signalling during skoto- and photo-morphogenesis in foxtail millet

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Liu ◽  
Chunyu Cao ◽  
Yawen Li ◽  
Guangdong Yang ◽  
Yanxi Pei
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
White Light ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Light Regulation ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
H2s Production

Signal transduction mediated by photoreceptors regulates many physiological processes during plant growth and development including seed germination, flowering and photosynthesis, which are also regulated by hydrogen sulfide (H2S). However, studies of the connection between the vital environmental factors – light and the significant endogenous gasotransmitter – H2S, is lacking. Here, the seedlings of foxtail millet were used to reveal the mechanism of light regulation in H2S generation. Results showed that seedling hypocotyl elongation was promoted by H2S, but inhibited by HA under dark or white light condition. H2S contents in hypocotyl increased at first under red, blue or white light then decreased, and the duration of increase under white light was longer than under red or blue light. The activity of cysteine desulfhydrases, which catalyse H2S generation, was increased by red light but decreased by blue and white light. The expressions of cysteine desulfhydrases coding genes LCD1 and LCD2 were promoted by red or white light, but inhibited by blue light. In contrast, DES gene was promoted by white light but inhibited by red or blue light. In addition, the activities of LCDs were regulated by the phosphorylation mediated by photoreceptors PHYB and CRY1/CRY2. Finally, there are two pathways of light regulating H2S production, including a rapid process that involves the modification of phosphorylation on LCDs protein mediated by photoreceptors directly or indirectly, as well as a slower process that involves in regulating the expressions of LCDs and DES genes. This discovery has potential value for the application of H2S in agricultural production protecting the crops from unsuited light condition.

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