scholarly journals Mycobiota associated with Hylurgops palliatus (Gyll.) on Pinus sylvestris L. in Poland

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Jankowiak
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Unknown Species ◽  
Hylurgops Palliatus

The assemblage and abundance of fungal species associated with <em>Hylurgops palliatus</em> on <em>Pinus sylvestris</em>, were studied in Poland. Fungi were isolated from beetles of <em>H. palliatus</em> and their galleries collected from three populations. In total, 1832 fungal isolates, including 38 species, were obtained. The most important group of fungi were the ophiostomatoid fungi. Among the seven species of ophiostomatoid fungi isolated, <em>Leptographium lundbergii</em> and an unknown species of <em>Graphium</em> sp. code-named "W" were the dominant species. <em>Ophiostoma minus</em> and <em>O. piceae</em> were also relatively common. All ophiostomatoid species, except <em>L. lundbergii</em> occurred more frequently on the overwintered adults than in gallery systems. <em>Ophiostoma minus</em> and <em>O. piliferum</em> are documented here as new associates of <em>H. palliatus</em>.

Ophiostomatoid Fungi Associated with Cryphalus Piceae in Shandong province in eastern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runlei Chang ◽  
Xiuyu Zhang ◽  
Hongli Si ◽  
Guoyan Zhao ◽  
Xiaowen Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Isolated Species

Abstract Cryphalus piceae parasitizes various economically important conifers. Similar to other bark beetles, C. picea vectors an assortment of fungi and nematodes. Previously, several ophiostomatoid fungi were isolated from C. piceae in Poland and Japan. In the present study, we explored the diversity of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with C. piceae infesting pines in the Shandong Province of China. We isolated ophiostomatoid fungi from both galleries and beetles collected from our study sites. These fungal isolates were identified using both molecular and morphological data. Through this study, we recovered 176 isolates of ophiostomatoid fungi representing at least seven species. Ophiostoma ips was the most frequently isolated species. Analyses of molecular and morphological data indicated four of the ophiostomatoid fungal species recovered in this study were previously undescribed. Hereby, we described these species as Ceratocystiopsis yantaiensis sp. nov., C. weihaiensis sp. nov., Graphilbum translucens sp. nov. and Sporothrix villosa sp. nov. A majority of the ophiostomatoid fungi recovered in this study were novel species. This suggests that the forests in China harbour an assortment of undescribed ophiostomatoid fungi yet to be discovered.

Screening and Identification of Laccase Producing Fungi from Environmental Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
A. Bello ◽  
◽  
J. B. Ameh ◽  
D. A. Machido ◽  
A. I. Mohammed-Dabo
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Main Campus ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Screening And Identification ◽  
Decaying Wood

Laccases are oxidases with broad substrate specificity and ability to oxidize various phenolic and non-phenolic compounds. This study was carried out to isolate and characterizes laccase producing fungi from environment samples. Soil and decaying wood samples were collected from different locations within Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Main campus. Suspensions of the samples (1 g in 10 mL sterile distilled water) were serially diluted, inoculated onto Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) containing 0.01% Chloramphenicol and incubated for 7 days at 30oC.The fungal isolates were characterized macroscopically and microscopically with the aid of an atlas. The identified fungal isolates were screened for laccase production by inoculating onto PDA containing 0.02% Guaiacol, 1mM ABTS (2 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 0.5% Tannic acid as indicator compounds and incubated at 250C for 7 days. The laccase producing isolates were confirmed molecularly by ITS rDNA sequence analysis using the FASTA algorithm with the Fungus database from the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI).A total of 25 fungal species (11 from soil and 14 from decaying wood samples) were isolated. Two isolates from the soil origin identified as Curvularia lunata SSI7 (Accession No. QIE06317.1) and Fusarium clade VII SSI3 (Accession No. GQ505677) were found to produce laccase where Curvularia lunata SSI7 was able to oxidize all the indicator compounds used for the screening. Fusarium clade VII SSI3 was able to oxidize only 0.5% Tannic acid. Laccase producing Curvularia lunata and Fusarium clade VII were isolated from soil samples collected from ABU Zaria Main Campus. Keywords: laccase, fungi, soil, decaying wood

scholarly journals Fungi associated to bark lesions of Eucalyptus globulus stems in plantations from Uruguay

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Alonso ◽  
Susana Tiscornia ◽  
Acelino Couto Alfenas ◽  
Lina Bettucci
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
West Region ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Experimental Inoculation ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Trees with stem bark lesions are frequently observed in Eucalyptus globulus Labill. plantations, particularly in the central west region of Uruguay. These lesions constitute a problem for trunk decortications at harvest and they also facilitate the access of fungi that could cause wood decay. Seven, three and oneyear-old plantations, located at three sites in close proximity were selected. Four types of trunk lesions were present in trees regardless the age of plantation and more than one type was found in each plantation. The aim of this study was to investigate the fungal composition associated with these lesions and compare them to healthy tissues and try to find out the origin of these symptoms. Another purpose was to elucidate the real role of the fungi considered pathogens by means of experimental inoculations. Segments from lesions and healthy tissues yielded 897 fungal isolates belonging to 32 taxa, 681 isolates from bark lesions and 216 from healthy tissues. Both healthy and symptomatic tissues showed similar fungal species composition, but with differences in frequencies of colonization. Cytospora eucalypticola Van der Westhuizen, Botryosphaeria spp., Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Stey. and Penicillium spp. were the dominant species isolated. As symptoms were not reproduced after experimental inoculation with Botryosphaeria ribis Grossenb. & Duggar and B. eucalyptorum Crous, & M.J. Wingf, it could be suggested that these lesions were originated by unfavorable environmental conditions. The frost that occurred for several days out of season and flooding may have been involved in the development of bark lesion.

scholarly journals Invasive Scots Pine, Pinus sylvestris, Replacing Corema, Corema conradii, Heathland in the Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Catling ◽  
Susan Carbyn
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Deschampsia Flexuosa ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Annapolis Valley ◽  
The Impact

Examination of air photos from 1930, 1970 and 2002 revealed stands of the European Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) invading remnants of natural Corema (Corema conradii) heathland in the Annapolis valley. To document the impact of the introduced pines, four natural habitats were compared with two adjacent habitats already invaded by the pines. All surveyed habitats had been dominated by Corema heath based on air photos taken in 1930. Twenty 1 m2 quadrats were used to record presence and cover of vascular plants at each site. The invasive alien pines reduce the native cover to 12%. Vascular plant biodiversity is reduced to less than 42% and the cover of the heathland dominant, Corema conradii, is reduced from over 100 % to less than 2%. with Deschampsia flexuosa becoming the dominant species. The modified ecosystem and loss of biodiversity has economic impacts through loss of pollinators of agricultural crops and loss of germplasm of native crop relatives.

scholarly journals New plectosphaerellaceous species from Dutch garden soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1135-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Giraldo ◽  
Margarita Hernández-Restrepo ◽  
Pedro W. Crous
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Science Project ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
University Museum ◽  
Citizen Science Project

Abstract During 2017, the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute (WI) and the Utrecht University Museum launched a Citizen Science project. Dutch school children collected soil samples from gardens at different localities in the Netherlands, and submitted them to the WI where they were analysed in order to find new fungal species. Around 3000 fungal isolates, including filamentous fungi and yeasts, were cultured, preserved and submitted for DNA sequencing. Through analysis of the ITS and LSU sequences from the obtained isolates, several plectosphaerellaceous fungi were identified for further study. Based on morphological characters and the combined analysis of the ITS and TEF1-α sequences, some isolates were found to represent new species in the genera Phialoparvum, i.e. Ph. maaspleinense and Ph. rietveltiae, and Plectosphaerella, i.e. Pl. hanneae and Pl. verschoorii, which are described and illustrated here.

scholarly journals Impact of Cruciferous Phytoalexins on the Detoxification of Brassilexin by the Blackleg Fungus Pathogenic to Brown Mustard

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500
Author(s):  
M. Soledade C. Pedras ◽  
Ryan B. Snitynsky
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Blackleg Fungus

The biotransformation of brassilexin, a potent phytoalexin produced by brown mustard (Brassica juncea L.), in the presence of various cruciferous phytoalexins was investigated. An important group of isolates of the fungal species Leptosphaeria maculans (Laird 2 and Mayfair 2), which is virulent to brown mustard, but not to canola, was used in this investigation. Brassilexin was detoxified by the fungus, but none of the phytoalexins seemed to affect substantially the rate of brassilexin detoxification; after 12 h of incubation, the amounts of brassilexin remaining in culture were as low as in controls, except in co-incubations with cyclobrassinin and sinalexin, which afforded intermediates that in solution oxidized spontaneously to brassilexin.

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of common fungal spp. from commercial broiler feeds available in market of Sylhet District, Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Islam ◽  
MK Hossain ◽  
ATMM Elahi ◽  
M Purkayastha ◽  
MM Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Species ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Feed Samples ◽  
Broiler Feed

The present study was designed to investigate the mycological contamination of commercial broiler feeds used in poultry establishments in sylhet, Bangladesh. The feed samples of commercial broiler feed (Starter, Grower and Finisher) were collected from the different areas of Sylhet district. A total of 189 commercial broiler feed samples where 63 Starter, 63 Grower and 63 Finisher were collected from the different areas of local market in Sylhet. The selected areas were Kadamtali, Shibjong, Khadim, Kamal Bazar, Dakshin Surma, Fenchugonj. From the feed samples analyzed for the presence of fungal agents, 144 (76.2%) were found positive for one or more fungal species. Fungal isolates were found among 36 (57%) of the 63 Starter feed samples, 45 (71.4%) of the 63 Grower feed samples and 63 (100%) of the 63 Finisher feed samples. The fungal agents isolated from Broiler Starter Feeds, Aspergillus spp. 51 (70.8%) has the highest frequency of occurrence, followed by Fuserium spp. 12 (16.7%) and least is Rhizopus sp. 9(12.5%). Similarly, in case of Broiler Grower Feeds, Aspergillus spp. 66 (68.8%) has the highest frequency of occurrence, followed by Fuserium spp. 18 (18.7%) and least is Rhizopus sp. 12(12.5%). In case of Broiler Finisher Feeds, Aspergillus spp. 90 (69.8%) has the highest rate of occurrence followed by Fuserium spp. 24 (18.6%) and least is Rhizopus sp. 15 (11.6%) respectively.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2014), 4(2) 38-41

Virulence and in vitro Characteristics of Pathogenic Fungi Isolated from Soil by Baiting with Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhong Sun ◽  
James R. Fuxa ◽  
Gregg Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Fungal Virulence ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Lethal Doses

Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) was used as “bait” to isolate pathogenic fungi from soil. Ninety soil samples were collected from woodlands and pastures in the vicinities of Baton Rouge, New Orleans, and Lake Charles, LA, from which six Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin and nine Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin isolates were obtained. Numbers of fungal isolates from the three sampling locations did not differ, but more isolates were found in woodlands than in pastures. Median lethal doses (LD50s) of these fungal species to C. formosanus were interspersed, indicating that fungal isolates rather than species had the greatest effect on virulence. Among nine Louisiana and two USDA isolates of B. bassiana, LD50s ranged from 4.95 × 103 to 4.96 × 105 conidia/termite, a difference of 100×. LD50s of six Louisiana and four USDA isolates of M. anisopliae ranged from 7.89 × 103 to 1.22 × 105 conidia/termite. Survival time also was used to compare virulence; M. anisopliae infections caused significantly shorter host survival times than B. bassiana. In vitro growth characteristics were significantly correlated with virulence against termites, suggesting that the characteristics of a fungus growing on agar might contribute to estimating the fungal virulence in vivo.

A PCR-based method to detect species of Gondwanamyces and Ophiostoma on surfaces of insects colonizing Protea flowers

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 989-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois Roets ◽  
Michael J. Wingfield ◽  
Léanne L. Dreyer ◽  
Pedro W. Crous ◽  
Dirk U. Bellstedt
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽  
Universal Primer ◽  
African Species ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
28S Ribosomal Dna

Flower heads of economically important members of the genus Protea L. mature into conspicuous, often long-lived infructescences, which in South Africa are commonly colonized by species of the ophiostomatoid fungi Gondwanamyces G.J. Marais & M.J. Wingfield and Ophiostoma Syd. & P. Syd. It is suspected that these fungi are transported between infructescences by insects. To develop techniques that would enable detection of ophiostomatoid fungi on insects, primers GPR1 and OSP1 were designed based on unique 28S ribosomal DNA sequences of Gondwanamyces and Ophiostoma from Protea. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction of these primers, combined with universal primer LR6, yielded fragment lengths of 885 and 637 bp. Positive amplification was achieved from as little as 30 and 45 pg of fungal genomic DNA for Gondwanamyces and Ophiostoma, respectively, and fragments of identical lengths were amplified from insects artificially inoculated with these fungi. No other tested fungal species showed amplification with GPR1 or OSP1 and LR6. Using these primers two insect species ( Genuchus hottentottus Fabricius and Oxycarenus maculates Stal.) collected from Protea repens L. infructescences were confirmed as carriers of Gondwanamyces proteae (M.J. Wingfield et al.) G.J. Marais & M.J. Wingfield and Ophiostoma splendens G.J. Marais & M.J. Wingfield, respectively. The method developed in this study represents a rapid detection system that can be used to understand the relationship between insects and ophiostomatoid fungi found associated with flowers of South African species of Protea .

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