scholarly journals In vitro morphogenic events in culture of Lotus corniculatus L. seedling root explants

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan J. Rybczyński ◽  
Marta Karolkowska ◽  
Zygmunt Kaczmarek ◽  
Anna Mikuła ◽  
Agnieszka Fiuk
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Root Explants ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
Shoot Primordia ◽  
Explant Position ◽  
Callus Proliferation

The experiments were carried out on <em>Lotus corniculatus</em> (L.) seedling root explants of the cultivar varieties Skrzeszowicka, Caroll A10 and strain 175. Callus formation and shoot regeneration were the major explant response depended mainly on of the studied genotype and used plant growth regulators (PGRs). Primary cortex of proximal and distal end of explant was the most active tissue for callus proliferation. For shoot primordia differentiation deeper zones of cortex took a part. The process of meristematic centre initiation was not uniform and various level of shoot differentiation events were observed not earlier than 3 weeks of culture. Usually, the shoot primordia regeneration began on proximal rather than distal end of the explant. BAP rather than urea derivatives stimulated shoot proliferation in extended cultures. Increasing of BAP and TDZ concentrations brought about the explant polarity and expansion of the meristematic zones. The explant position in root did not have significant influence on the number of regenerated shoots. The cultures only had better bud formation by TDZ when compared to BAP. BAP stimulated bud formation and development of the shoots from them. Short term of TDZ treatment of explants stimulated meristem formation which developed into buds and shoots. CPPU stimulated callus proliferation and bud formation when explants pretreatment was prolonged from 12 to 36 hrs.

Utilization of Different Seedling Explants for in Vitro Propagation of Hibiscus syriacus

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 478e-479
Author(s):  
M.M. Jenderek ◽  
A.J. Olney
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Adventitious Bud ◽  
Root Explants ◽  
Petiole Explants ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Hypocotyl Explants ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Adventitious Bud Formation ◽  
Hibiscus Syriacus

Hibiscus syriacus is a difficult species in micropropagation due to its endogenous contamination and recalcitrant shoot formation; therefore, studies on using explants other than shoot tip or axillary buds of growing shrubs were initiated. Three different seedling fragments (root, hypocotyl, and leaf petiole) from aseptically germinated seedlings of hibiscus (var. Aphrodite) were evaluated for adventitious bud formation, shoot and leaf development. The explants were cultured on McCown's woody plant basal salt medium supplemented with KNO3 (800 mg/L), adenine sulfate (80 mg/L) and MS vitamins containing BA or 2iP or TDZ at 0.5, 1.0, 2.2, 4.4 and 10 mM. Adventitious buds were present on all of the three different explants grown on medium containing TDZ; however, the most abundant bud formation, with many small leaves originating from callus was observed on hypocotyl explants cultured on medium with 1 mM of TDZ. Petiole explants were the most frequent to develop short shoots (≈15 mm) and one to nine leaves without callus formation, where 70% of hypocotyl and the root explants formed leaves originating from callus. Callus was induced on all explant types regardless of the level or type of cytokinin used. However, the number of shoots produced by any explant type was low, petioles cultured on 0.5 and 1mM of TDZ were the most suitable material for non-callus shoot development in H. syriacus. Hypocotyl explants proved to be an excellent source for adventitious bud formation but their ability to develop shoots needs to be investigated.

scholarly journals In vitro Morphogenesis of Arabian Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-219
Author(s):  
Md. Abul Kalam Azad ◽  
Hasnatul Arefin ◽  
Md. Amzad Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Shoot Induction ◽  
In Vitro Morphogenesis ◽  
Shoot Initiation ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Young Leaves

After inoculation of young leaves of date palm offshoot required about six months to complete the morphogenesis process. Fourteen weeks were required for embryogenic callus formation under continuous dark condition and nine weeks for shoot initiation (under 16/8 h light/dark). The highest number of explants (80%) produced callus in modified MS containing 5 mg/l 2,4-D + 2 mg/l 2ip. Sixty per cent of explants produced callus in the modified medium containing 5 mg/l 2,4-D + 5 mg/l NAA. while only 50 per cent of the explants formed callus in the same medium when supplemented with only 5 mg/l 2,4-D. The induced calli were transferred to modified MS for shoot proliferation. A combination of two cytokines showed better performance than single ones in shoot induction. The highest percentage (70) of shoot developed in modified MS containing 2 mg/l BAP + 1 mg/l Kn. Forty per cent shoot induction was found in the same medium supplemented with 2 mg/l of BAP. Thirty per cent shoot formed in MS containing 1 mg/l of Kn. The shoots were subcultured at three- four week intervals throughout culture duration. D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v23i2.17522 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 23(2): 211-219, 2013  (December)

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Clerodendrum phlomidis L.F.

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mafatlal M. Kher ◽  
Deepak Soner ◽  
Neha Srivastava ◽  
Murugan Nataraj ◽  
Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Nodal Explants ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Axillary Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Clerodendrum Phlomidis

Abstract Clerodendrum phlomidis L. f. is an important medicinal plant of the Lamiaceae family, particularly its roots, which are used for various therapeutic purposes in a pulverized form. The objective of this study was to develop a standard protocol for axillary shoot proliferation and rooting of C. phlomidis for its propagation and conservation. Nodal explants were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium that was supplemented with one of six cytokinins: 6-benzyladenine, kinetin, thidiazuron, N6-(2-isopentenyl) adenine (2iP), trans-zeatin (Zea) and meta-topolin. Callus induction, which was prolific at all concentrations, formed at the base of nodal explants and hindered shoot multiplication and elongation. To avoid or reduce callus formation with the objective of increasing shoot formation, the same six cytokinins were combined with 4 μM 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid (TIBA) alone or in combination with 270 μM adenine sulphate (AdS). Nodal explants that were cultured on the medium supplemented with 9.12 μM Zea, 4 μM TIBA and 270 μM AdS produced significantly more and longer shoots than on medium without TIBA and AdS. Half-strength MS medium supplemented with 8.05 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid was the best medium for root formation. Most (75%) in vitro rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized under natural conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of IAA on growth, organogenesis and RNA metabolism during the development of Cichorium intybus root explants cultured „in vitro"

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gwóźdź
Keyword(s):  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Rna Metabolism ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Rnase Activity ◽  
Callus Growth ◽  
Root Explants ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Rna Content

The effects of 3-indolylacetic acid (IAA) on growth, organogenesis, RNA content, RNase activity and MAK elution profiles during the development of chicory root explants cultured in vitro were investigated. It was found that the intensive callus growth in the presence of IAA was accompanied by an increase in the RNA content, with simultaneous decrease of RNase activity. Fractionation of RNA by MAK column chromatography showed that the high content of RNA in the callus under the influence of IAA was due to an increased accumulation of the ribosomal fraction of RNA mainly. Experiments with actinomycin D demonstrated that this antibiotic abolished both the auxin-induced callus growth and the inhibitory effect of IAA on bud formation. No significant inhibition of spontaneous bud formation under the influence of actinomycin D was observed. The possible relationship between the IAA-affected morphogenetic processes and RNA metabolism is discussed.

scholarly journals 312 Influence of BAP and CPPU on the in Vitro Shoot and Bud Proliferation of Apple Rootstocks M.111 and M.7

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 445F-446
Author(s):  
Adriano N. Nesi ◽  
Gerson R. de L. Fortes ◽  
Jono B. da Silva ◽  
Adriana C. de M. Dantas
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Shoot Base ◽  
Better Than

This work aims to verify the effect of BAP (6-benzyladenine purine) and CPPU (forchlofenuron) on the in vitro shoot proliferation of apple rootstock cultivars M.111 and M.7 under different concentrations. The experiment was carried out in the tissue culture laboratory at Embrapa Temperate Climate in Pelotas, RS, Brazil. As initial explants, microcuttings were used from in vitro culture. The treatments consisted of the combination of two cultivars with cytokinins and six differents concentrations (0.0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 μMol). The explants were inoculated in 250-mL flasks with 40 mL MS medium with agar (7.0 g·L-1), myo-inositol (100.0 g·L-1), NAA (0.005 mg·L-1), and sucrose (40.0 g·L-1). The pH was adjusted to 5.9 before autoclaving. After inoculations the culture was kept for 50 days under 25 ± 2 °C, 16-h photoperiod, and 19 μMol·m-2·s-1 radiation. CPPU performed better than BAP for cultivar M.111 and it had similar response for cultivar M.7 as bud and shoot multiplication and multiplication rate is concerned. The BAP increased the number of shoots with higher length and with no callus formation in the shoot base, contrary to CPPU. The most efficient concentrations were 4.7 and 5.5 μMol for CPPU and BAP, respectively.

scholarly journals Characterization of JsWOX1 and JsWOX4 during Callus and Root Induction in the Shrub Species Jasminum sambac

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Lu ◽  
Zhuoyi Liu ◽  
Meiling Lyu ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Binghua Wu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Wox Genes ◽  
Callus Proliferation ◽  
Jasminum Sambac

Plant regeneration in vitro and the underlying molecular regulatory network are of great interest to developmental biology, and have potential applications in agriculture and biotechnology. Cell growth and re-differentiation during de novo organogenesis require the activation and reprogramming of stem cells within the stem cell niche of the tissues. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) factors play important roles in the maintenance and regulation of plant stem cells and are involved in many developmental processes. However, in woody species such as the Jasminum sambac, little is known about the involvement of WOX genes in de novo organogenesis. Here we show that two WOXs, JsWOX4 and JsWOX1, are implicated in callus proliferation and root regeneration, respectively. The expression of both, together with another member JsWOX13, are upregulated during later stage of callus formation. The JsWOX4 is associated with callus proliferation, or cell division during the redifferentiation. The overexpression of this gene results in up-regulation of JsWOX13 and another homeobox gene. The JsWOX1 plays a role in root primordium initiation, as its overexpression leads to more rooty calli and more roots per callus. JsWOX1 also possibly acts upstream of JsWOX4 and JsWOX13 transcriptionally. Our results provide further evidence regarding the functions of WOX genes in organogenesis in a woody plant.

scholarly journals Callus Induction on True Shallot Seed Explant Using a Combination of BA and 2,4-D

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisna Dharmayanti ◽  
Endang Sulistyaningsih ◽  
Rani Agustina Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Optimum Combination ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Callus Proliferation ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

BA and 2,4-D combination were commonly used for in vitro culture of Shallot (Allium cepa L. var agregatum 2n = 2x = 16) to induce callus, but there was no information for callus induction on shallot seed (TSS) explant. Callus could be utilized for in vitro selection and generating of genetic variation. The aims of the research was to identify the response of TSS (Trisula and Tuk Tuk) as explant  and to obtain the optimum combination of BA and 2,4-D (mg.L-1): (0–0, 2–1, 2–2, 2–3, and 2–4) in callus induction. The research had been carried out in the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada during the year 2015-2016. Factorial treatments of variety and growth regulators were arranged in Completely Randomized Design with four replications. Data of percentage of germination, shoot height, root length, percentage of callus formation, callus weight, and chromosomes number of callus were recorded. The results showed that combination of 2 mg.L-1 BA + (1– 4) mg.L-1 2,4-D induced callus formation on TSS but inhibits shoots and roots growth. The best callus proliferation was at a concentration of 1 mg.L-1 2,4-D. Tetraploid callus chromosomes (2n = 4x = 32) was detected in Trisula grown in the 2 mg.L-1 BA + 4 mg.L-1 2,4-D, but in the Tuk Tuk callus did not detected the changing of chromosomes number.

scholarly journals In Vitro Plant Regeneration from Cultured Cotyledons of Cotton (Gossypium herbaceum L.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-364
Author(s):  
AN Chowdhury ◽  
MZ Rahman ◽  
A Samad ◽  
AKMS Alam ◽  
S Khaleda
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Callus Proliferation ◽  
Gossypium Herbaceum ◽  
Number Of Shoots

The effect of cytokinins on callus proliferation from cotyledons and plantlet development was studied in cotton. The frequency of callus induction was observed on MS medium enriched with a variety of cytokinins in different concentrations. With the increase of cytokinin concentration, the percentage of callus formation, percentage of shoot developing calli and number of shoots/calli were increased. Among the three different cytokinins studied, BA showed the highest performance. The highest percentage of callus (6.55%) and shoot developing calli (5.87%) was obtained on MS with 1.0 mg/l BA. Highest number of shoots (3.02) per calli was observed on MS media supplemented with 1.0 mg/l Kn. The rooting media composed of MS medium, 0.6% agar, sucrose and fortified with 2.0 mg/l NAA induced root development at the highest percentage (41.23%) with maximum number of roots (3.61) per cutting and length of root (3.62 cm) per culture. The plantlets were acclimatized in natural conditions. Key words: In vitro; Callus; Cotyledons; Cytokinin; Plantlet; Acclimatization DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i3.9043 BJSIR 2011; 46(3): 359-364

scholarly journals A Comparison of Huckleberry (Vaccinium pahalae) and Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) Shoot Culture Performance on Different Support Systems

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 911A-911
Author(s):  
Linda J. Walker ◽  
R.B. Rogers ◽  
M.A.L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Shoot Culture ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Gellan Gum ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
In Vitro Cell Cultures ◽  
Solution Cultures

In vitro cell cultures of huckleberry and bilberry are sources of phytochemicals for use as food colorants and bioactive chemopreventives. Shoot cultures provide a convenient, presterile source of explants for production of callus rich in extractable pigments or other chemicals. Efficient callus formation only occurs with good-quality shoots. In this study, liquid and gelled support systems were compared in terms of their effect on shoot growth. Gellan gum-based support resulted in excellent shoot proliferation and suitable shoot length for huckleberry cultures, whereas bilberry performed slightly better on agar and agar/gellan gum support. Bilberry had a more-rapid growth rate than huckleberry. Hyperhydricity was found with the use of rafts for both species. These shoot cultures have been used as vegetative explants for callus, and have produced vivid anthocyanins in solution cultures.

scholarly journals In vitro shoot regeneration from roots and leaf discs of Passiflora cincinnata mast.

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Pacheco Lombardi ◽  
Ilene Ribeiro da Silva Passos ◽  
Maria Cristina Stolf Nogueira ◽  
Beatriz Appezzato-da-Glória
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Leaf Discs ◽  
Root Segments ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
In Vitro Shoot Regeneration

Different concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) were used in vitro to induce buds in three types of explants: leaf discs, root segments and the seedling itself obtained from in vitro seed germination of Passiflora cincinnata Mast. The 0.5 mg.L -1 6-BA concentration was most suitable for all the three explants, however, bud formation time and means (direct/indirect) were different for each type of explant. In seedlings used as explants, it had shoot regeneration from the primary root. Histological events leading to bud formation via meristemoids were described. The origin was indirect in leaf discs, with callus formation in subepidermal cells of the chlorophyll parenchyma layers. In root segments and in seedling roots, the buds were formed directly in the pericycle (in roots with some secondary structure) and in the vascular cambium (at the initial phase of secondary structure). Also, indirect buds originated from meristemoids which were formed around the callus.

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