scholarly journals Regeneration of Nardus stricta subalpine grasslands in the Giant Mountains (Krkonoše)

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Hejcman ◽  
Pavla Nežerková ◽  
Vilém Pavlů ◽  
Jan Gaisler ◽  
Theodor Lokvenc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Pinus Mugo ◽  
Vegetation Analysis ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nardus Stricta ◽  
Original Plant ◽  
Vegetative Spread

The origin of <em>Nardus stricta</em> dominated subalpine grassland (Nardo-Caricion rigidae alliance) is a frequently discussed topic in the Giant Mountains (Karkonosze in the Czech Republic). Many researchers considered them, as secondary stands arisen after Pinus mugo removal and by consequent oligotrophization of original plant communities, caused by long-term rough grazing and hay making activities without manuring. On the contrary, they are recognized as natural due to inability of generative reproduction of <em>N. stricta</em> and the very slow vegetative spread there. The aim of this study was to find proofs for generative reproduction of mat grass in subalpine conditions of the Giant Mountains. We identified a <em>Pinus mugo</em> nursery with arable land abandoned in 1956 and compared its vegetation with that of the surrounding area. Dense and homogenous sward dominated by <em>N. stricta</em> developed during the succession on the old arable land for 48 years, and it is an indisputable proof of generative reproduction of <em>N. stricta</em> there. Synthesizing historical facts on human activities in the past and the results of our contemporary vegetation analysis, we conclude that the Nardo-Caricion rigidae grassland was capable to spread relatively quickly, when agricultural activities above the upper timber line were introduced.

Social Policy in the Czech “Republic”: The Past and the Future of Reforms

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Večerník
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Pension System ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Right ◽  
Political Scene

The article describes the development of Czech policy after 1989 and the controversies it caused. It first looks at the ambiguous nature of the communist welfare state and then proceeds to outline the theoretical alternatives. After early and energetic changes in the system, stagnation set in around the mid-1990s. Despite some problems, the current performance of the system is satisfactory, but its outlook in terms of long-term efficiency is unsatisfactory, as it will generate a rising debt into the future. In particular, the disadvantaged situation for families, the insufficient work motivation, and the frozen pension system are all causes for concern. The political shift to the right after 2006 ushered in reform measures and new reform plans. While reforms are necessary, their feasibility is uncertain owing to the fragility of the Czech political scene.

Mass Prefabricated-Panel Housing Construction in Private Ownership in the Czech Republic

2014 ◽  
Vol 1020 ◽  
pp. 692-697
Author(s):  
Eva Špačková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Housing Construction ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Building Facade ◽  
Housing Estates

Housing estates thus have been and will continue to be a long-term part of the housing the Czech Republic. Research addresses the artistic and architectural level of regeneration of prefabricated-panel buildings in the past twenty year, shows how the form of reconstructed facades has developed and illustrates the use of the building facade in the context of the environment in which the residential building is located.

scholarly journals Specification of the Climate Character in the Study Area of Projected Hydric Reclamation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmar DLOUHÁ ◽  
Viktor DUBOVSKÝ
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Town ◽  
Complex Methods ◽  
Important Objective

Hydrical reclamation of the residual pit of Most-Ležáky is part of the comprehensive revitalisation of the land affected in the past bymining activity with an area of 1264 ha. Thus, in terms of remediation and reclamation, the most appropriate way to reclaim theresidual pit, as one of the final stages of the long-term reclamation activities that have been going on in the area for more than half acentury, occurs under the given conditions. The Lake Most, our study area, was planned and created as a hydric recultivation of theformer surface Most-Ležáky mine located near the town of Most, in the foothills of the Ore Mountains, approximately 80 kilometersnorthwest of the capital of the Czech Republic - Prague. The Lake Most represents extensive hydric reclamation, which is unique in thesense that it does not have a natural inflow and runoff, therefore an artificial feeder from the Ohře River had to be built. The main goalof the ongoing research is to construct a mathematical model predicting the water balance of Lake Most. Therefore, it is important toseparate amount of water that is lost by the evaporation and amount of water that is lost into the subsoil. If we do not wish to use onlytemperature equations but more complex methods and equations to calculate evaporation instead, we need to have relative humidity,atmospheric pressure, wind speed, and daylight length values. In addition to the climatic data needed to calculate the evaporation,the amount of precipitation is needed to construct the balance equation of the area. An important objective in planning all hydricreclamations is to ensure their long-term sustainability, which is based on a detailed description of the study area's climate and localhydrological conditions. In our article we focus on assessing the evolution of climate in the area of this hydric reclamation. We haveprocessed a long-term series of measurements in monthly averages from the Kopisty meteostation data provided by the Institute ofAtmospheric Physics of the CAS.

scholarly journals April–August temperatures in the Czech Lands, 1499–2015, reconstructed from grape-harvest dates

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1421-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Možný ◽  
Rudolf Brázdil ◽  
Petr Dobrovolný ◽  
Miroslav Trnka
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Values ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Temperature Variability ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central European ◽  
The Past ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Czech Lands

Abstract. Viticulture has long been essential to the commercial and social well-being of parts of the Czech Lands (now the Czech Republic), and detailed records have been kept for centuries of the timing and relative success of the grape crop. Using such documentary data from the Bohemian wine-growing region (mainly northwest of the capital, Prague), series of grape-harvest dates (GHDs) were created for the 1499–2015 period. Because the link between harvest dates and temperatures is strong, GHD series, together with instrumental mean temperature series starting in 1801, were used to reconstruct mean April–August temperatures for the region from 1499 to 2015. Linear regression (LR) and variance scaling (VS) methods were used for calibration and compared in terms of explained variance and their ability to capture extreme values. It emerged that LR does not significantly underestimate temperature variability. However, VS shows far greater capacity to capture extremes. GHDs explain 64 % of temperature variability over the full calibration period. The 1986–2015 period was identified as the warmest 30-year period of the past 514 years, an observation consistent with recent global warming. The highest April–August temperatures appeared in a reconstruction for the year 1540, which was warmer than the next two very warm, and far more recent, seasons in 2003 and 2015. The coldest period occurred at the beginning of the 20th century (1900–1929). The series reconstructed for the Czech Lands is in close agreement with other (central) European reconstructions based on other proxies. The series created here makes an important contribution to a better understanding of long-term spatiotemporal temperature variability in central Europe.

scholarly journals Long term changes in water areas and wetlands in an intensively farmed landscape: A case study from the Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markéta Šantrůčková ◽  
Katarína Demková ◽  
Martin Weber ◽  
Zdeněk Lipský ◽  
Jiří Dostálek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Land Cover Changes ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Irrigation Channels ◽  
State Water ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The landscape of the Czech Republic currently faces droughts that are caused by several factors. One of the reasons for drought is landscape development and land cover changes. Changes in water and wetland areas and streams were studied by comparing old military maps and the present state. Water and wetland areas in fertile lowlands significantly decreased over time; the landscape was continuously dried out with the aim of increasing agricultural and woody production. While water and wetland areas occupied nearly one-third of the study area (Nové Dvory and Žehušice micro-regions in Central Bohemia) at the end of the 18th century, the present share of these areas is only 3.5%. There was a decrease of approximately 10% in each period, and nearly all of these areas disappeared by the end of the 19th century. Water and wetland areas were changed primarily to arable land. The length of streams decreased by the end of the 19th century. Drainage and irrigation channels were built during the 20th century, and although they are only periodic or episodic streams, these channels increased the total length of streams.

Crop rotations with clover and their productivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Gladysheva ◽  
Oksana Artyuhova ◽  
Vera Svirina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Pure Steam ◽  
Positive Effect

The results of long-term research in experiments with crop rotations with different clover saturation are presented. It is shown that the cluster has a positive effect on the main indicators of vegetation of dark-gray forest soil. The introduction of two fields of perennial grasses into the six-field crop rotation significantly increases both the humus reserves and increases the productivity of arable land by 1.5–2 times compared to the crop rotation with a field of pure steam.

Enabling Community Well-being Self-Monitoring in the Context of Mining: The Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Klinck ◽  
Ben Bradshaw ◽  
Ruby Sandy ◽  
Silas Nabinacaboo ◽  
Mannie Mameanskum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Aboriginal Community ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Community Engaged Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mineral Development ◽  
Iron Deposits ◽  
Term Monitoring

The Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach is an Aboriginal community located in northern Quebec near the Labrador Border. Given the region’s rich iron deposits, the Naskapi Nation has considerable experience with major mineral development, first in the 1950s to the 1980s, and again in the past decade as companies implement plans for further extraction. This has raised concerns regarding a range of environmental and socio-economic impacts that may be caused by renewed development. These concerns have led to an interest among the Naskapi to develop a means to track community well-being over time using indicators of their own design. Exemplifying community-engaged research, this paper describes the beginning development of such a tool in fall 2012—the creation of a baseline of community well-being against which mining-induced change can be identified. Its development owes much to the remarkable and sustained contribution of many key members of the Naskapi Nation. If on-going surveying is completed based on the chosen indicators, the Nation will be better positioned to recognize shifts in its well-being and to communicate these shifts to its partners. In addition, long-term monitoring will allow the Naskapi Nation to contribute to more universal understanding of the impacts of mining for Indigenous peoples.

Courting the Youth Vote in 2008: The Obama Effect

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey C Bohl
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Voter Registration ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Past ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
High Turnout ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Youth Vote

This paper examines a few of the numerous factors that may have led to increased youth turnout in 2008 Election. First, theories of voter behavior and turnout are related to courting the youth vote. Several variables that are perceived to affect youth turnout such as party polarization, perceived candidate difference, voter registration, effective campaigning and mobilization, and use of the Internet, are examined. Over the past 40 years, presidential elections have failed to engage the majority of young citizens (ages 18-29) to the point that they became inclined to participate. This trend began to reverse starting in 2000 Election and the youth turnout reached its peak in 2008. While both short and long-term factors played a significant role in recent elections, high turnout among youth voters in 2008 can be largely attributed to the Obama candidacy and campaign, which mobilized young citizens in unprecedented ways.

Impact of FII’s and FDI’s on Indian Stock Market

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Kamlesh Kumar Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Earnings Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bull Market ◽  
Indian Stock Market

FIIs are companies registered outside India. In the past four years there has been more than $41 trillion worth of FII funds invested in India. This has been one of the major reasons on the bull market witnessing unprecedented growth with the BSE Sensex rising 221% in absolute terms in this span. The present downfall of the market too is influenced as these FIIs are taking out some of their invested money. Though there is a lot of value in this market and fundamentally there is a lot of upside in it. For long-term value investors, there’s little because for worry but short term traders are adversely getting affected by the role of FIIs are playing at the present. Investors should not panic and should remain invested in sectors where underlying earnings growth has little to do with financial markets or global economy.

Chinese Medicine Protein and Peptide in Gene and Cell Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinlu Feng ◽  
Zifei Yin ◽  
Daniel Zhang ◽  
Arun Srivastava ◽  
Chen Ling
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Gene And Cell Therapy ◽  
Proteins And Peptides

The success of gene and cell therapy in clinic during the past two decades as well as our expanding ability to manipulate these biomaterials are leading to new therapeutic options for a wide range of inherited and acquired diseases. Combining conventional therapies with this emerging field is a promising strategy to treat those previously-thought untreatable diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has evolved for thousands of years in China and still plays an important role in human health. As part of the active ingredients of TCM, proteins and peptides have attracted long-term enthusiasm of researchers. More recently, they have been utilized in gene and cell therapy, resulting in promising novel strategies to treat both cancer and non-cancer diseases. This manuscript presents a critical review on this field, accompanied with perspectives on the challenges and new directions for future research in this emerging frontier.

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