scholarly journals Genetic variation of Abies alba Mill. in Polish part of Sudety Mts.

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Lewandowski ◽  
Maciej Filipiak ◽  
Jarosław Burczyk
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Allozyme Polymorphism ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Allozyme Loci ◽  
Two Populations

The genetic structure of silver fir (<em>Abies alba</em> Mill.) was investigated among 8 populations from Sudety Mts. and 2 additional populations from other parts of Poland. Nine enzyme systems controlled by 13 allozyme loci were analyzed using starch gel electrophoresis. The mean expected heterozygosity, ranging from 0.06 to 0.11 and was lower compared to that found in other conifers. The mean genetic distance among all silver fir populations was 0.005. The Sudeten group of populations appeared to be genetically different from the two populations from other parts of Poland, indicating that at least two different centers are responsible for the current distribution of allozyme polymorphism in the tested populations.

Allozyme divergence and evolutionary relationships among Populus deltoides, P. nigra, and P. maximowiczii

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Om P. Rajora ◽  
Louis Zsuffa
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Genetic Identity ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Populus Species ◽  
Allozyme Loci

Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis of enzymes was used to study genetic divergence among Populus deltoides Marsh. (section Aigeiros Duby, Salicaceae), P. nigra L. (section Aigeiros), and P. maximowiczii Henry (section Tacamahaca Spach.) at 37 to 40 allozyme loci coding for 12 enzyme systems in root tips. These three Populus species were genetically distinct from each other. Populus deltoides, P. nigra, and P. maximowiczii had mutually exclusive alleles at two loci, and each of these species had unique alleles at many loci. Certain allozyme loci were detected only in one or two of these species. Frequency distributions of allozyme loci were bimodal with respect to genetic identity for comparisons between any two species. The mean genetic distance was 0.36 ± 0.10 between P. deltoides and P. nigra, 0.39 ± 0.09 between P. deltoides and P. maximowiczii, and 0.34 ± 0.10 between P. nigra and P. maximowiczii. The enzyme electrophoretic evidence indicated a monophyletic origin of the three Populus species.Key words: poplars, genetic identity and divergence, allozymes, molecular evolution, phylogenetics.

The systematic status of the lagoon periwinkle, Littorina tenebrosa

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain F. Wilson ◽  
Elizabeth M. Gosling ◽  
William Tapper
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Allopatric Populations ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
The Mean

Eight samples of Littorina tenebrosa and L. saxatilis (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Ireland and Britain, including pairs of each form from two locations in Ireland, were screened for genetic variation at 12 polymorphic enzyme loci using starch gel electrophoresis. Levels of polymorphism and heterozygosity were similar in L. tenebrosa and L. saxatilis, apart from a sample of L. tenebrosa from Britain which was less polymorphic than the Irish samples. No alleles were found to be unique to either form. Phylogenetic analysis using UPGMA showed that L. saxatilis and L. tenebrosa populations clustered as a monophyletic group. Nevertheless, the mean genetic distance between parapatric populations of L. saxatilis and L. tenebrosa (D=0.076) was similar to the mean for allopatric populations of either species (D=0.080). This indicates that there is a barrier to gene flow between the two forms Despite this, L. tenebrosa does not merit specific status since populations of this snail do not cluster as a distinct group, separate from L. saxatilis populations.

INHERITANCE OF ELECTROPHORETIC VARIANTS OF SERUM ESTERASES IN DOMESTIC FOWL

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Grunder
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Electrophoretic Variants ◽  
Region I ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
The Mean

Three regions of serum esterase activity of chickens were differentiated by means of starch gel electrophoresis and appropriate stains. Regions I and II seemed to represent aliesterase while region III apparently represented a cholinesterase. The patterns of zones of region I were classified into three phenotypes named A, B, and AB and the hypothesis was proposed that these are controlled by two codominant alleles named EsA and AsB. The staining intensity of these esterase zones among adults was sex-associated in that the mean staining intensity of zones was greater in male than in female sera. Frequency of the EsB allele was 0.70, 0.76, and 0.85 in three meat lines.

scholarly journals Genetic variation of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) preserved in the Katowice Forest District

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-321
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Masternak ◽  
Barbara Niebrzydowska ◽  
Katarzyna Głębocka
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Insect Outbreaks ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Forest District

Abstract Environmental pollution greatly decreases a tree’s health and results in dieback of forest stands. Owing to increasing industrial activity in the 20th century, silver fir became almost totally extinct in the Katowice Forest District. Only 19 individuals have survived to this day. The aim of the present study is to analyse growth characteristics and polymorphisms of 25 inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) of the preserved trees. The mean height of the inventoried silver firs was 19 m with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 29 cm. Flowers were observed on few trees only. However, all trees were of high vitality without signs of fungal pathogen infections or insect outbreaks. Parameters of genetic variability, including mean effective number of alleles per locus and expected heterozygosity, were higher than that described in the literature so far and they amounted to 1.659 and 0.396, respectively.

Genetics of isozyme variants and linkage relationships among allozyme loci in 35 eastern white pine clones

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Eckert ◽  
R. J. Joly ◽  
D. B. Neale
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Allozyme Loci ◽  
Linkage Relationships

Megagametophyte tissue from seeds of 35 clones of Pinusstrobus L. were subjected to horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. The resulting gels were tested for activity of 10 enzyme systems. Isozymes observed were under control of at least 17 loci. Direct evidence, based on segregation of allozymes in megagametophytes of heterozygous clones, is presented for nine loci in five systems (LAP, GPI, GOT, PGM, and AP). Three polymorphic loci were detected for LAP. No genetic variation was detected for IDH, ADH, GLY-3-PD, GDH, or 6 PDG.Five pairs of linked loci were detected by chi-square analyses of joint segregation. Twenty-five of 36 possible two-locus combinations among 18 clones were evaluated. Recombination estimates suggest relatively strong linkage between LAP1-LAP2 and GPI2-GOT1; weaker linkage between LAP2-GPI2 (based on one clone only); and weak linkage between LAP2-AP1 and GOT3-AP1.

Serum Levels and α1-Antitrypsin Phenotypes in Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis

1977 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fertakis ◽  
A. Archimandritis ◽  
A. Tsourapas ◽  
D. Douratsos ◽  
B. Angelopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Radial Immunodiffusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
The Mean

α1-at phenotypes and serum levels were studied in 100 Greek patients of pulmonary TBC by starch-gel electrophoresis and radial immunodiffusion. The mean value of α1-at (315 ± 77) was significantly lower (p < 0.005) than in the control group. An attempt is made to explain this finding based on the α1-at phenotypes distribution in the TBC patients.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of silver-fir populations in the North Carpathian and Sudeten Mountains

2011 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Mejnartowicz
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
The North ◽  
Rare Alleles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Individual Trees

Seeds collected from individual trees in the 16 Carpathian and 2 Sudeten silver-fir (<em>Abies alba</em>) populations were studied with the starch gel electrophoresis in megagametophytes using 14 enzyme systems with 28 loci. The results show that the geographical distance between populations are in a small part reflected in genetic distances. There are two main groups of populations: Sudeten and Carpathian with a very big genetic distance between them. Other populations consist of a few small groups with low gene flow between them (<em>N<sub>m</sub></em> = 3.286). About 80% of genetic variation is located within populations (<em>F<sub>ST</sub></em> = 0.223). Average values for genetic multiplicity and diversity for Carpathian populations are as follows: number of alleles per locus: <em>Na</em> = 2.308, with effective number of alleles <em>Ne</em> = 1.552 and proportion of polymorphic loci 71.21%. The mean number of alleles per locus (<em>Na</em>) varied from 2.107 to 2.607 in population. The mean effective number of alleles per locus (<em>Ne</em>) ranged from 1.429 to 1.662. Average Fis for Carpathian populations was -0.021, which means that there is small excess of heterozygotes. The average observed heterozygosity amounted to <em>Ho</em> = 0.275 and expected heterozygosity was <em>He</em> = 0.269. The dendrogram structure and presence of rare alleles found in silver-fir of Czech, and Slovakian populations allow for a hypothesis that in postglaciation the silver-fir moved into the Polish Carpathians not westward from the east but from the south along river valleys from some Balkan refuges, getting North bypassing the High Tatra Range. This way, a highly diversified set of populations originated, differ in the presence of rare alleles. This differentiation is not prevented by a relatively small flow of genes between populations. The calculated gene flow <em>Nm</em> = 3.286 also indicates isolation between the populations. It means 3.3 immigrants per generation into the studied populations.

High genetic diversity in the only known population of Aechmea tuitensis (Bromeliaceae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liz Y. Izquierdo ◽  
Daniel Piñero
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Narrow Endemic ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Starch Gel

Aechmea tuitensis (P. Magaña and E. Lott) is a narrow endemic species from Mexico. Only one population has been reported. We studied the genetic variation and structure, and clonal diversity of this rare bromeliad by using starch gel electrophoresis. Six enzyme systems encoded by nine gene loci were resolved in nine subpopulations. The percentage of polymorphic loci was high (77.8%). Mean expected heterozygosity for the population was 0.12. All loci except CPX-1 were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Genetic diversity was substantially larger within subpopulations (mean Fis = 0.631) than between them (Fst = 0.196). We detected 33 genetically distinguishable clones from 109 plants (ramets) sampled. One clone had a frequency of 32.1%, others showed frequencies ranging from 1.8 to 9.2%, and 19% of the total samples were unique multilocus genotypes. Aechmea tuitensis exhibits high genetic diversity even though it has an extremely narrow distribution. Our results also suggest that the effect of genetic drift on genetic structure in A. tuitensis might be counteracted by the influence of vegetative reproduction.

Fractionation of Plasminogen by Starch Gel Electrophoresis

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 126-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl H. Slotta ◽  
J. D Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Full Activity ◽  
Veronal Buffer ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Alkaline Range

SummaryWhen urea or ε-amino caproic acid were used as solublizing agents for plasminogen in electrophoretic experiments, only one broad band of the proenzyme was obtained on acetate cellulose, in starch block, and in acrylamide gel. In starch gel electrophoresis, however, both forms of plasminogen – the native or euglobulin and Kline’s or Pseudoglobulin plasminogen – separated into six bands. These migrated toward the cathode at room temperature in borate or veronal buffer in the alkaline range and showed full activity in fibrinagar-streptokinase plates.

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