scholarly journals Morphogenic processes in callus tissue cultures and de novo regeneration of plants in Actinidia chinensis Planch

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adela Ludvová ◽  
Mária G. Ostrolucká
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Actinidia Chinensis ◽  
Indirect Organogenesis ◽  
Vascular Elements ◽  
Callus Tissues

Our experiments have confirmed the considerable disposition of leaf explants of <em>Actinidia chinensis</em> Planch. for induction and intensive proliferation of callus cultures, as well as, a possibility to regulate morhogenesis in in vitro conditions. Under specific culture conditions the morphogenic potential of callus cells of <em>Actinidia chinensis</em> was manifested both in organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Organogenesis was represented by induction of adventitious buds and regeneration shoots on the modified MS culture medium (Murashige and Skoog 1962) with BAP in combination with GA<sub>3</sub> (each 1.0 mg. l<sup>-1</sup>). Rooting of shoots was successful on modified MS medium containing IBA (0.5-1.0 mg. l<sup>-1</sup>). Histological studies of callus tissues revealed their structural heterogeneity. Morphogenic processes in the callus were characterized by the appearance of meristematic zones and vascular elements. The formation of apical meristem, leaf primordia and finally shoot development proved de novo regeneration in callus culture. The obtained results demonstrate a possibility of plant regeneration through indirect organogenesis, which can be used for propagation of<em> Actinidia chinensis</em> Planch.

scholarly journals Plant Regeneration from Leaf-derived Callus Cultures of Primrose (Primula vulgaris)

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadiye Hayta ◽  
Mark A. Smedley ◽  
Jinhong Li ◽  
Wendy A. Harwood ◽  
Philip M. Gilmartin
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Indirect Organogenesis ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Donor Material ◽  
Primula Vulgaris ◽  
Inbred Parent

Efficient micropropagation of Primula species is important both for fundamental scientific studies and commercial applications. Primula vulgaris (Huds), along with other Primulaceae species, exhibits floral heteromorphy with two distinct forms of hermaphroditic flower. Studies to identify genes that control heteromorphic flower development require propagation of floral mutants, and efficient regeneration is a key requirement for plant transformation. Several species, including P. vulgaris cultivars and P. ×polyantha hybrids, are important horticultural crops in Europe, United States, and Japan and semidouble/double Primula varieties offer a high-end product. Vegetative propagation of sterile double forms, and as a means to increase numbers of inbred parent plants for F1 seed production is, however, slow. Micropropagation offers the most efficient way of increasing these varieties quickly and efficiently. To date, most Primula micropropagation protocols require explant material derived from in vitro grown seedlings or use floral parts as donor material with seasonal limitations. Therefore, an effective and efficient protocol was developed for in vitro regeneration of P. vulgaris via indirect organogenesis from adult leaf–derived explants. Exposure of leaf explants of P. vulgaris to media containing synthetic cytokinin, thidiazuron (TDZ), and auxin [1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)] resulted in undifferentiated cell proliferation and followed by differentiated growth as shoot organogenesis. Silver nitrate improved in vitro callus growth and increased shoot regeneration further, with up to 72% of explants producing shoots. Regenerated plants developed normally and produced normal fertile flowers within 7 months. The system was also successfully applied for the micropropagation of sterile double-flowered P. vulgaris ‘Sue Jervis’. The protocol reported here enables propagation of P. vulgaris without seasonal limitation or destruction of valuable parent donor material. The protocol, with further development, has the potential to underpin development of a transformation system for Primula, which would be of value in studies on flower development and disease resistance in laboratory grown plants.

scholarly journals STUDY ON THE IN VITRO MORPHOGENETIC RESPONSE FROM SHOOT AND CALLUS CULTURES OF Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) Heyne ex. Roth

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (40) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Trang Phuong Nguyen Thi ◽  
Quang Minh Bui ◽  
Hai Duc Le ◽  
Linh Quoc Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Scientific Database ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Shoot Growth Rate

Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) Heyne ex. Roth is a short-term plant which contains many important secondarycompounds with high medicinal value. Currently, most of the researches focus on chemical composition and pharmacological activity, but the source of raw materials is very limited. In this study, the first step is transferring the samples from nature into in vitro culture conditions to understand the effects of the factors related to shooting and callus morphogenesis was performed, the first node from shoots apical meristem was isolated and sterilized with 1.5% NaOCl for 20 minutes to achieve high efficiency with 86.11% sterile samples and 85.56% shoot growth rate after 2 weeks of culture on MS medium. The shoot generation from axillary shoots was continued to be investigated with the highest number of shoots formed on MS medium supplemented with BA (1 mg / l) showed 1.53 shoots/implant which the height and the number of leavesare 3.65cm and 6.67, respectively. Besides, the formation of callus from leaves of MS medium supplemented with 2.4 - D (0.25 mg / l) achieved the rate of 66.67% of cultured samples, forming good callus after 4 weeks of culture. The results of the study not only contribute importantly to understanding morphogenesis for micropropagation purposes but also serve as the scientific database for further studies at the cellular and molecular levels of this plant.

scholarly journals Total Polyphenol Content, in vitro Antifungal and Antioxidant Activities of Callus Cultures from Inula crithmoides

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahi Bucchini ◽  
Laura Giamperi ◽  
Donata Ricci
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Stable Free Radical

This is the first report on the antioxidant and antifungal activities of callus cultures from Inula crithmoides L. (Asteraceae). Callus cultures were initiated from leaf sections, on initial culture MS basal medium supplemented with various concentrations of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid) and IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) and a 72% survival was achieved. Significant differences between the various auxins used as phytohormones on callus growth were found. Maximum callusing was noticed on the leaf explants grown on MS basal medium supplemented with 1 mgL–1 2,4-D. Subsequently the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract from calli were investigated. Antioxidant studies suggested that the methanol extracts of dark-grown and light-grown callus were able to reduce the stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazyl (DPPH). In the inhibition against lipid peroxidation, extracts of dark-grown callus showed the strongest effect with IC50 values better than those of the standards. The methanol extract of callus cultures had significant antifungal activity only against two of the fungi tested: Alternaria solani and Phytophthora cryptogea. Against all the other tested fungi, the I. crithmoides calli extracts showed fungistatic activity.

scholarly journals Confirmation of “pre-plasmolysis mediated ex-osmosis hypothesis” to obtain shoot bud morphogenesis in Catharanthus roseus

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyoma Mistry ◽  
Abhishek Sharma ◽  
Ajay Kumar Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Direct Regeneration ◽  
Engineering Process ◽  
Shoot Bud ◽  
Regeneration Response

AbstractThe antineoplastic herb, Catharanthus roseus is a classified high-value low-volume medicinal herb which is in global attention of scientific research for modulation of its monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIA) pathway through genetic engineering. These secondary metabolites are generally stored in specific types of structures/compartments due to their cytotoxic nature and designated roles in plant defense response. However, their presence can hinder the genetic engineering process used to develop transgenic plants through de novo morphogenesis and regeneration of plants from cultured cells/tissues and hence, it always remained a critical impediment in transgenic research in C. roseus. The pre-plasmolysis treatment of leaf explants can help to tackle the recalcitrant nature of leaf explant and can support the direct regeneration response by ex-osmosis that minimizes the concentration of alkaloids. Therefore, this study was performed to chase the effect of osmotic conditions on recalcitrant leaves of C. roseus engaged in vitro plant regeneration and hypothesis of alkaloids ex-osmosis is confirmed by HPLC analysis.

In vitro callus induction and regeneration of multiple shoots through callus derived from leaf and epicotyl explants in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmavathi A.V. Thangella ◽  
B. Fakrudin
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Cotyledonary Leaf ◽  
Higher Doses

An efficient in vitro protocol was developed for callus induction, high frequency plant regeneration through callus cultures derived from cotyledonary leaf and epicotyl explants, rooting of shoots derived from callus and establishment onto the natural conditions in two cultivars of pigeon pea; ICPL 87119 and ICPL 8863. Cotyledonary leaf and epicotyl explants were tested for callus induction across 48 different combinations and concentrations of auxins and cytokinins in MS medium, wherein, higher doses of auxins (15 mg/1 NAA) in combination with lower doses of cytokinins (0.5 mg/l kinetin) induced regenerable callus from leaf explants while lower doses of auxins (0.2 mg/1 NAA) in combination with higher doses of cytokinins (8 mg/1 kinetin) induced regenerable callus from epicotyl explants in both the genotypes. Plantlet regeneration from leaf and epicotyl derived callus was optimized at 0.05 mg/l TDZ in both genotypes. Rooting was optimized on ½ MS + 0.5 mg/1 IBA media in both genotypes. Well-rooted plants were acclimatized and established successfully into natural conditions in potting mixture-containing soil: FYM in 1:1 ratio resulting in 48.01 per cent survivability. Regenerated plants were uniform morphologically with normal leaf shape and growth. This protocol finds its significance in rapid multiplication of transgenic plants.

scholarly journals Vigor forIn VitroCulture Traits inS. melongena  ×  S. aethiopicumHybrids with Potential as Rootstocks for Eggplant

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Calvo-Asensio ◽  
Jaime Prohens ◽  
Carmina Gisbert
Keyword(s):  
Basic Science ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Regeneration Capacity ◽  
Rooting Ability ◽  
Micropropagated Plants

Hybrids ofSolanum melongenaandS. aethiopicumare of interest as rootstocks of eggplant, as they are highly vigorous and can incorporate resistance to several diseases. However, hybridization between both species is difficult. Therefore, protocols forin vitroculture are of great interest for their micropropagation and biotechnological breeding. We assessed the organogenesis response from leaf explants in four interspecific hybrids and in their parents testing two organogenic media: SIM-A, containing 6-benzylaminopurine and kinetin, and SIM-B, which contains thidiazuron. A higher regeneration capacity in the hybrids compared to their parents was observed. Whereas in interspecific hybrids and in one accession ofS. melongenasimilar regeneration rates were observed for SIM-A and SIM-B, higher regeneration was found in the rest of genotypes when thidiazuron was used. Rooting ability in the interspecific hybrids was lower inin vitromicropropagated plants (35–60%) than in plants regenerated from explants (100%). The addition of indolbutiric acid (1 mg L−1) induced roots in nonrooted genotypes. In summary, we have adjustedin vitroculture conditions for regenerating and rootingS. melongena×S. aethiopicumhybrids. We have also demonstrated that these hybrids are heterotic for regeneration, which may be of interest for basic science studies.

scholarly journals Isolated culture of A. reptance L., its’ morphological and growth features

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Elen Poghosyan ◽  
Naira Sahakyan ◽  
Margarit Petrosyan ◽  
Irina Batlutskaya ◽  
Karen Trchounian
Keyword(s):  
Callus Culture ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Micro Propagation ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

A growing demand for the ecologically pure products brings us for searching novel biotechnological approaches for plant cultivation. One of these approaches is the in vitro cultivation and further acclimatization of valuable plant species. The object of our investigation was Ajugareptance L. ornamental plant which possesses high metabolic activity. In vitro cultivation was carried out applying Murashige-Skoog nutrient medium and its modifications. Acclimatization of in vitro plants was implemented according Hazarika. In the presence of twice higher concentration of cytokinins over auxins and 0.2 mg/ml gibberellins callus culture was formed from the leaf explants. Callus tissue was formed in the presence of 0.2 mg/ml kinetin and 2 mg/ml indole-3-acetic acid which has denser structure than the first one. The shoot formation was observed on callus cultures growing on the same medium approximately after 5th passage. Callus culture growth was supported also by the adding of 2 mg/ml 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. For the micropropagation, the already formed shoots were transferred to the nutrient medium which contains only 0.1 mg/ml 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid as a phytohormone. A. reptans culture has high regenerative ability and the micro-propagation index was 104 – 105. In vitro regenerated plants were successfully acclimatized to the soil conditions during two-week period.

scholarly journals Regeneração in vitro de Passiflora miniata Mast

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Pinheiro Carvalho ◽  
Camila Aparecida Antoniazzi ◽  
Nayara Tayane Silva ◽  
Andréia Izabel Mikovski ◽  
Maurecilne Lemes Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Direct Organogenesis ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Indirect Organogenesis ◽  
Red Coloration ◽  
Number Of Shoots

Passiflora miniata is a wild species native to the Southern Amazon, with ornamental potential due to the beauty of its flowers of intense red coloration. Reports in the literature about the species are still insipid. The aim of the present study was to induce the regeneration of P. miniata by the de novo organogenesis from mature zygotic embryos. The zygotic embryos were isolated and cultivated into the MS medium with the addition of 6-Benzyladenine (BA), Thidiazuron (TDZ) and Kinetin (KIN) growth regulators. The de novo regeneration from the zygotic embryos occurred directly and indirectly. A percentage of 80% of the explants cultivated in the presence of BA had direct organogenesis and 20% by the indirect way, with TDZ 60% were regenerated by the direct and 40% by the indirect way. Regarding the treatments with KIN, 58% of the explants had regeneration by direct and 42% by the indirect organogenesis. The development of shoot primordia initiated with the formation of organogenic structures that later differentiated into multi-shoots. The highest mean number of shoots (40.0 shoots per explants) was obtained on 0.75 mg L-1BA. Conversely, using 0.50 mg L-1 TDZ or KIN, the highest number of shoots were 7.2 and 3.6, respectively.

scholarly journals Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of Active Constituents in Callus of Lavandula angustifolia plant in Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2(SI)) ◽  
pp. 0591
Author(s):  
Zainab Salman et al.
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Lavandula Angustifolia ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Callus Tissues

This study was conducted to describe a protocol for the callus establishing culture of Lavandula angustifolia plant and estimating their content of volatile oil. The quantity of volatile oil callus tissues was compared with that of leaves production. Callus was induced from leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and Benzyl adenine (BA) in different concentrations. Maximum callus fresh weight was obtained in the combination of 10 mg/L BA and 3 mg/L NAA which reached 18 g after four weeks. The results of this work showed that the  quantity of volatile oil from the highest fresh weight callus was 6 ml compared with quantity of 18g of leaves which gave 0.5 ml. Volatile oil of leaf and callus extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry method (GC-MS) which showed linoleic acid (56.61%) and oleic acid (57.93%) as main components.

scholarly journals In vitro Regeneration of Japanese Burdock (Arctium lappa L.) from Cotyledon and Leaf Derived Explants

2022 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
Mustafa Abul Kalam Azad ◽  
Md Arifuzzaman ◽  
Md Mobarok Hossain ◽  
Md Sohel Arman ◽  
Muhammad Nurul Amin
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Direct Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Indirect Organogenesis ◽  
Arctium Lappa ◽  
Sand Mixture ◽  
The Third ◽  
Rooting Medium

Considering the vegetable and medicinal values, a micropropagation protocol has been established for Japanese Burdock (Arctium lappa L.) by culturing the explants of cotyledon and leaf obtained from in vitro grown seedlings. Direct shoot regeneration was achieved from cotyledon and leaf explants on MS fortified with 4.0 μM BAP and 2.0 μM IBA or NAA after 5 weeks of culture. In addition, both the explants also formed callus from their cut margins within 6 weeks of cultivation on medium complemented with 6.0 μM BAP and 4.0 μM IBA or NAA. Adventitious shoots were also redeveloped through indirect organogenesis from the cotyledon and leaf-derived callus within 10 weeks of culture on MS containing 4.0 μM BAP and 2.0 μM IBA or NAA. The highest rate of shoot reproduction was attained at the third subculture, and more than 12.6 shoots were formed per callus clump. Within 4 weeks of transfer to the rooting medium on MS containing 6.0 μM IBA, the cultured micro-shoots produced highest 5.3 roots per cultured shoot. Rooted plantlets were successfully established on a soil-composed-sand mixture under natural condition with 93.3% survival rate Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 31(2): 123-134, 2021 (December)

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