scholarly journals Cytological changes in phloem parenchyma cells of Solanum rostratum (Dunal.) related to the replication of potato virus M (PVM)

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rudzińska-Langwald
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Coated Particles ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Phloem Parenchyma ◽  
Solanum Rostratum ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Potato Virus M ◽  
Cytological Changes

The first cytological symptom of infection of phloem parenchyma cells by potato virus M is the formation of clusters of endoplasmic reticulum cisterns in a cytoplasm containing numerous ribosomes. Randomly distributed PVM particles are found in the vicinity of the cisterns. As the infection progresses, inclusions made up of regularly arranged particles of PVM are formed.The cytoplasm of the cells becomes electron transparent because the ER cisterns disappear. Masses of homogenous substances containing single PVM particles appear. There are two types of deposits in the inclusions containing PVM virus particles - additionally coated particles and tubules.

scholarly journals The degradation of potato virus M (PVM) particles in plant cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Anna Rudzińska-Langwald
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Central Vacuole ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Lycopersicon Chilense ◽  
Solanum Rostratum ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Large Central Vacuole ◽  
Potato Virus M

Degradation of potato virus M particles was observed in the cells of <i>Solanum tuberosum</i>, <i>Solanum rostratum</i>, <i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i> and <i>Lycopersicon chilense</i> plants infected with this virus. PVM particles found in the cytoplasm of infected parenchyma cells grouped together in the form of inclusions, often found near the tonoplast. The ends of the virus particles and the tonoplast came into close contact. Cytoplasmic protrusions containing PVM particles, reaching into vacuoles were formed in those places. In addition to a large central vacuole, small vacuoles were observed in cells containing PVM particles. Various stages of degradation of cytoplasmic protrusions were observed both in the large and small vacuoles.

Seasonal cytological changes in secondary phloem parenchyma cells in Robinia pseudoacacia in relation to cold hardiness

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 787-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Pomeroy ◽  
D. Siminovitch
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Phloem Parenchyma ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Cytological Changes

Electron microscopic studies of cytological changes in phloem parenchyma cells of the living bark of black locust, Robinia pseudoacacia L., indicate that seasonal augmentation in total protoplasm, including mitochondria, lipid bodies, and, particularly, membrane-bound vesicles derived from invaginations and folding of the plasmalemma are closely related to the seasonal cycle of frost resistance. The structural organization of the endoplasmic reticulum also varies seasonally. In summer it is present as long cisternae-like units, which, during autumn and winter, appear to be replaced by a vesicular form of endoplasmic reticulum. Starch content does not appear to be closely related to initiation of the hardening process, but maximum hardiness is not developed until nearly all of the starch has disappeared from the cells. The observations support the view that the total expression of frost resistance in plant cells involves participation of the following three mechanisms: (1) augmentation of total protoplasm, extending to organelles, surface membranes, and other structural components of the cell; (2) lipid transformations; and (3) starch–sugar transformations.

Sugar beet petiole structure: vascular anastomoses and phloem ultrastructure

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2295-2304 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Oross ◽  
William J. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Lateral Movement ◽  
Sieve Elements ◽  
Phloem Parenchyma ◽  
Microfilament Bundles ◽  
Companion Cells ◽  
Parenchyma Cells

The vascular anatomy and phloem ultrastructure of the sugar beet petiole were studied in an attempt to evaluate the potential of petiolar phloem anastomoses to accommodate lateral movement of translocates across this structure. Clearings revealed that six of the eight interveinal regions between the nine major, axially oriented veins were connected by many anastomoses. The two interveinal areas characterized by the fewest anastomoses were located near the margin of the petiole. It was concluded that lateral translocation via anastomoses would be most efficient in the central part of the petiole. A light microscope study of the structure of the junction between anastomosing and continuous veins revealed that the sieve elements of each of the merging veins were separated from each other, for distances of up to 6 mm beyond the point of initial contact, by phloem parenchyma cells. The presence of phloem parenchyma cells in this position, and between the clusters of sieve elements that occur across the phloem of the large bundles, was taken as an indication that the parenchyma cells may have an important role in lateral translocation. An ultrastructural study of the petiolar phloem revealed that the phloem parenchyma and companion cells could be easily distinguished on the basis of the structure of the chloroplasts, dictyosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum. Microfilament bundles and spine-coated tubules and (or) vesicles were uniquely present in the parenchyma cells. The ultrastructure of the phloem parenchyma cells is discussed relative to their possible role in mediating the movement of sugars through the anastomoses.

Elemental Analysis of Phloem Tissue in Lemna Minor Root Tips

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 798-799
Author(s):  
Patrick Echlin ◽  
Thomas Hayes ◽  
Clifford Lai ◽  
Greg Hook
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Atomic Weight ◽  
Companion Cell ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Phloem Tissue ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Phloem Parenchyma ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Xylem Element

Studies (1—4) have shown that it is possible to distinguish different stages of phloem tissue differentiation in the developing roots of Lemna minor by examination in the transmission, scanning, and optical microscopes. A disorganized meristem, immediately behind the root-cap, gives rise to the vascular tissue, which consists of single central xylem element surrounded by a ring of phloem parenchyma cells. This ring of cells is first seen at the 4-5 cell stage, but increases to as many as 11 cells by repeated radial anticlinal divisions. At some point, usually at or shortly after the 8 cell stage, two phloem parenchyma cells located opposite each other on the ring of cells, undergo an unsynchronized, periclinal division to give rise to the sieve element and companion cell. Because of the limited number of cells involved, this developmental sequence offers a relatively simple system in which some of the factors underlying cell division and differentiation may be investigated, including the distribution of diffusible low atomic weight elements within individual cells of the phloem tissue.

scholarly journals THE STRUCTURE OF CELLS DURING TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS REPRODUCTION

1965 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kolehmainen ◽  
H. Zech ◽  
D. von Wettstein
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Flexible Rods ◽  
Late Stages

The submicroscopic organization of mesophyll cells from tobacco leaves systemically infected with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is described. After fixation with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide the arrangement of the TMV particles within the crystalline inclusions is well preserved. Only the ribonucleic acid-containing core of the virus particles is visible in the micrographs. Besides the hexagonal virus crystals, several characteristic types of "inclusion bodies" are definable in the cytoplasm: The so-called fluid crystals seem to correspond to single layers of oriented TMV particles between a network of the endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes. Unordered groups or well oriented masses of tubes with the diameter of the TMV capsid are found in certain areas of the cytoplasm. A complicated inclusion body is characterized by an extensively branched and folded part of the endoplasmic reticulum, containing in its folds long aggregates of flexible rods. Certain parts of the cytoplasm are filled with large, strongly electron-scattering globules, probably of lipid composition. These various cytoplasmic differentiations and the different forms of presumed virus material are discussed in relation to late stages of TMV reproduction and virus crystal formation.

Detection of potato virus M and potato virus S on test plants

1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kowalska ◽  
M. Waś
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus S ◽  
Potato Virus M ◽  
Test Plants

scholarly journals A CYTOCHEMICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE MULTIPLICATION OF MENGOVIRUS IN L-929 CELLS

1962 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Basic Protein ◽  
Virus Production ◽  
Cytological Change ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Cytological Changes ◽  
Perinuclear Area

A correlation of cytochemical changes with virus production has been studied in L cells infected with Mengovirus. After a latent period of about 2 hours, virus was produced rapidly, reaching maximum titers of up to 12,000 particles per cell in 6 to 8 hours. The earliest cytological change was in the nucleus and consisted of a slight condensation of chromatin. There is no evidence, however, for the multiplication of either the viral RNA or protein in the nucleus. RNA, of high molecular weight, accumulated in the perinuclear area of the cytoplasm and was later found in inclusions. The perinuclear RNA was digestible with RNase and may be located in or on ribosomes. The inclusion RNA was resistant to RNase but could be removed by pepsin or potassium permanganate; it is probably in completed virus particles. Viral antigen was first observed in a perinuclear location and later in the above-mentioned inclusions. Although the viral protein contains appreciable amounts of arginine and lysine, it is not a basic protein of the histone type. Phase-contrast microscopy of living cells clearly demonstrated the role of the inclusions in release of virus from infected cells. A comparison is made between these cytological changes in Mengo-infected cells and those which have been found by other workers in polio-infected cells. There are many very similar changes.

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