scholarly journals The effect of chromate on the synthesis of plastid pigments and lipoquinones in Zea mays L. seedlings

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Krupa ◽  
Marek Ruszkowski ◽  
Ewa Gilowska-Jung
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Root System ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Strong Reduction ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Plastid Pigments ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Maize plants cultivated on nutrient solutions containing increasing amounts of CrO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> (from 10<sup>-7</sup> to 10<sup>-4</sup> M) showed growth inhibition, strong reduction of the root system and an increase of dry matter of leaves. The highest accumulation of chromium in plant organs appeared in the roots. Chromate taken up into leaves caused changes in the content of plastid pigments and lipoquinones similar, in general, to those in senescent plants.

scholarly journals The Effect of Mineral, Organic and Biofertilizeres on the Growth of Zea mays L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Bushra Mahmoud Alwan ◽  
Ahmed Majid Kareem
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Planting Season

An Implemented pot experiment  has been conducted in Al-Qadisiyah city - sadder AL- Yusufiya - District 9 in Spring planting season 2016 to study the effect of the overlap between the mineral , organic and bio fertilization in some  growth indicators to maize crop (Zea mays) in Silt Loam texture soils with factorial experiement according to completely randomize  design (Complete random design) and with  three replicates. The expenneit has been done by adding  mineral fertilizers (240 kg N. ha-1 and 80 kg P. ha-1 and 120 kg K. ha-1) three levels (0, 50% and 100%) respectively; and two levels of organic fertilizer (0 and 10 Mg. ha-1) respectively; and two levels of bio-fertilizer (0 and 2 ml. L-1) respectively to the irrigation water. The addition of mineral , organic and bio fertilizers has a significant effecct on the dry matter amount  and the treatment (M2O1B1) is given the highest average of  the dry matter,which reaches to 57.27 g.pot-1 as compared with the control treatment (M0O0B0), reacches to 20.46 g.pot-1 and the increasing percentage reach to 179.91%. There are no significant differences between (M1O1B1) and (M2O1B1). The triple overlap among the metal and organic fertilizers and bio has a significant effect on increasing the percentages of N, P and K in maize plants%, the treatment (M2O1B1) has achieved the highest average of 3.67% N and 0.49% P and 2.19% K respectively, compared with the treatment control (M0O0B0) 2.21% N and 0.23% P and 1.33% K sequentially with  increasing which presentage reached  to  66.06 N% and 113.04 P% and 64.66 K%. There are no significant differences between the treatments (M1O1B1) and (M2O1B1).

Influence of biochar application to soil on the availability of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn to maize (Zea mays L.)

Soil Research ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tshewang Namgay ◽  
Balwant Singh ◽  
Bhupinder Pal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Soil Carbon Pool ◽  
Maize Plants

Biochar has gained importance due to its ability to increase the long-term soil carbon pool and improve crop productivity. However, little research has been done to evaluate the influence of biochar application to soil on the bioavailability of trace elements to plants. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of biochar on the availability of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn to maize (Zea mays L.). An activated wood biochar, pyrolysed at 550°C, was applied at 3 rates (0, 5, and 15 g/kg) in factorial combinations with 3 rates (0, 10, and 50 mg/kg) each of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn separately to a sandy soil. After 10 weeks of growth, plants were harvested, shoot dry matter yield was measured, and concentration of trace elements in shoots was analysed. The soil in pots was analysed for extractable trace elements. The results showed that the addition of wood biochar to soil did not have any significant effect on the dry matter yield of maize plants, even at the highest rate of application. However, trace element application significantly reduced the dry matter yield from 10 to 93% depending on the type of trace element. Biochar application decreased the concentration of As, Cd, and Cu in maize shoots, especially at the highest rate of trace element application, whereas the effects were inconsistent on Pb and Zn concentrations in the shoots. The concentrations of extractable As and Zn in soil increased with biochar application, whereas extractable Cu did not change, Pb decreased, and Cd showed an inconsistent trend. Sorption of trace elements on biochar with initial loadings up to 200 µmol at pH 7 occurred in the order: Pb > Cu > Cd > Zn > As. The results show that biochar application can significantly reduce the availability of trace elements to plants and suggest that biochar application may have potential for the management of soils contaminated by trace elements.

scholarly journals By-Plant Prediction of Dry Matter Yields at Various Growth Stages of Maize Plants (Zea mays L.) Using Leaf Greenness Indicator in Climatic Conditions of Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9513
Author(s):  
Waldemar Zielewicz ◽  
Barbara Wróbel ◽  
Piotr Szulc ◽  
Henryk Bujak ◽  
Barbara Stachowiak
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Leaf Greenness ◽  
K Fertilization ◽  
Greenness Index

Predicting yield at an early growth stage allows one to optimize the amount and timing of nitrogen fertilization to maximize crop yield. The aim of the study was to determine how different nitrogen doses would affect the nutrition of two maize varieties (Zea mays L.) with this element and their yields, and to demonstrate the potential of using the SPAD index as an early-stage predictor of dry matter yield (DMY) of maize biomass. The field experiment, with different pre- and post-sown N fertilizer doses, was conducted for two years in Poland. The two-factor experiment was set up in a randomized block design with three field replicates. There were four mineral fertilization variants: (I) 120 kg N·ha−1 without P and K fertilization, (II) 120 kg N·ha−1 + PK, (III) 160 kg N·ha−1 + PK, and (IV) 200 kg N·ha−1 + PK. The second-order factor was two stay-green maize varieties: Delitop (FAO 240) and Magitop (FAO 270). The mean values of the SPAD index of maize depended on the nitrogen dose. When the dose was increased from 120 kg·ha−1 to 200 kg·ha−1 with constant P and K fertilization, the value of the leaf greenness index increased significantly. The plants of both maize varieties fertilized with nitrogen at a dose of 120 kg N·ha−1 without P and K were characterized by the lowest values of the SPAD index, regardless of the year of the experiment. When the nitrogen dose was supplemented with P and K, the plants’ nutrition with nitrogen improved significantly. The values of the SPAD index in the maize plants of the variety Magitop were significantly greater than in the plants of the variety Delitop. The coefficients of correlation calculated for both maize varieties were highly significant at all measurement dates. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the SPAD leaf greenness index can be used as an important, reliable, and non-invasive indicator for maize yield prediction. Nutrition of maize plants with nitrogen proved to be the main determinant of variability of the biomass yield. For this reason, it was the basis for the verification of individual mineral fertilization variants. The lack of phosphorus and potassium in the dose of mineral fertilizer limited the yield regardless of the variety, as compared to the variant that was optimally balanced with the nitrogen dose.

scholarly journals Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus Pal5 Enhances Plant Robustness Status under the Combination of Moderate Drought and Low Nitrogen Stress in Zea mays L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aammar Tufail ◽  
María Touceda-González ◽  
Ilaria Pertot ◽  
Ralf-Udo Ehlers
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Nitrogen Stress ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Gluconacetobacter Diazotrophicus ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria, which can fix nitrogen, plays a vital role in plant growth promotion. Previous authors have evaluated the effect of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus Pal5 inoculation on plants subjected to different sources of abiotic stress on an individual basis. The present study aimed to appraise the effect of G. diazotrophicus inoculation on the amelioration of the individual and combined effects of drought and nitrogen stress in maize plants (Zea mays L.). A pot experiment was conducted whereby treatments consisted of maize plants cultivated under drought stress, in soil with a low nitrogen concentration and these two stress sources combined, with and without G. diazotrophicus seed inoculation. The inoculated plants showed increased plant biomass, chlorophyll content, plant nitrogen uptake, and water use efficiency. A general increase in copy numbers of G. diazotrophicus, based on 16S rRNA gene quantification, was detected under combined moderate stress, in addition to an increase in the abundance of genes involved in N fixation (nifH). Endophytic colonization of bacteria was negatively affected by severe stress treatments. Overall, G. diazotrophicus Pal5 can be considered as an effective tool to increase maize crop production under drought conditions with low application of nitrogen fertilizer.

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON RATE AND DURATION OF KERNEL DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION OF MAIZE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. TOLLENAAR ◽  
T. W. BRUULSEMA
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Linear Kernel ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Kernel Growth

The response of rate and duration of kernel dry matter accumulation to temperatures in the range 10–25 °C was studied for two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids grown under controlled-environment conditions. Kernel growth rates during the period of linear kernel growth increased linearly with temperature (b = 0.3 mg kernel−1 d−1 °C−1). Kernel dry weight at physiological maturity varied little among temperature treatments because the increase in kernel growth rate with increase in temperature was associated with a decline in the duration of kernel growth proportional to the increase in kernel growth rate.Key words: Zea mays L, period of linear kernel dry matter accumulation, controlled-environment conditions, kernel growth rate

scholarly journals Identification of DNA of pathogens from Fusarium genus in maize plants (Zea mays L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Tumanova ◽  
◽  
Cristina Grajdieru ◽  
Valentin Mitin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Maize Plants
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