Influence of biochar application to soil on the availability of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn to maize (Zea mays L.)

Soil Research ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tshewang Namgay ◽  
Balwant Singh ◽  
Bhupinder Pal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Soil Carbon Pool ◽  
Maize Plants

Biochar has gained importance due to its ability to increase the long-term soil carbon pool and improve crop productivity. However, little research has been done to evaluate the influence of biochar application to soil on the bioavailability of trace elements to plants. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of biochar on the availability of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn to maize (Zea mays L.). An activated wood biochar, pyrolysed at 550°C, was applied at 3 rates (0, 5, and 15 g/kg) in factorial combinations with 3 rates (0, 10, and 50 mg/kg) each of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn separately to a sandy soil. After 10 weeks of growth, plants were harvested, shoot dry matter yield was measured, and concentration of trace elements in shoots was analysed. The soil in pots was analysed for extractable trace elements. The results showed that the addition of wood biochar to soil did not have any significant effect on the dry matter yield of maize plants, even at the highest rate of application. However, trace element application significantly reduced the dry matter yield from 10 to 93% depending on the type of trace element. Biochar application decreased the concentration of As, Cd, and Cu in maize shoots, especially at the highest rate of trace element application, whereas the effects were inconsistent on Pb and Zn concentrations in the shoots. The concentrations of extractable As and Zn in soil increased with biochar application, whereas extractable Cu did not change, Pb decreased, and Cd showed an inconsistent trend. Sorption of trace elements on biochar with initial loadings up to 200 µmol at pH 7 occurred in the order: Pb > Cu > Cd > Zn > As. The results show that biochar application can significantly reduce the availability of trace elements to plants and suggest that biochar application may have potential for the management of soils contaminated by trace elements.

scholarly journals Effect of Heavy Rainfall Events on the Dry Matter Yield Trend of Whole Crop Maize (Zea mays L.)

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim ◽  
Chemere ◽  
Sung
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
One Year ◽  
Heavy Rainfall Events

The objective of this study was to detect the historical dry matter yield (DMY) trend and to evaluate the effects of heavy rainfall events on the observed DMY trend of whole crop maize (WCM, Zea mays L.) using time-series analysis in Suwon, Republic of Korea. The climatic variables corresponding to the seeding to harvesting period, including the growing degree days, mean temperature, etc., of WCM along with the DMY data (n = 543) during 1982–2011, were used in the analysis. The DMY trend was detected using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with the explanatory variables (ARIMAX) form of time-series trend analysis. The optimal DMY model was found to be ARIMAX (1, 1, 1), indicating that the DMY trend follows the mean DMY of the preceding one year and the residual of the preceding one year with an integration level of 1. Furthermore, the SHGDD and SHHR were determined to be the main variables responsible for the observed trend in the DMY of WCM. During heavy rainfall events, the DMY was found to be decreasing by 4745.27 kg/ha (p < 0.01). Our analysis also revealed that both the intensity and frequency of heavy rainfall events have been increasing since 2005. The forecasted DMY indicates the potential decrease, which is expected to be 11,607 kg/ha by 2045. This study provided us evidence for the correlation between the DMY and heavy rainfall events that opens the way to provide solutions for challenges that summer forage crops face in the Republic of Korea.

Effect of molybdenum deficiency on the growth and metabolism of corn plants raised in sand culture

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (16) ◽  
pp. 1905-1908 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Agarwala ◽  
C. P. Sharma ◽  
S. Farooq ◽  
C. Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Corn Plants

Molybdenum deficiency decreased the dry matter yield, tissue concentration of molybdenum, and chlorophyll content of corn (Zea mays L. cv. T.41) plants. Compared with the normal (control) plants, leaves of molybdenum-deficient plants had significantly lower activities of nitrate reductase, catalase, aldolase, and alanine aminotransferase and higher activities of peroxidase, β-glycerophosphatase, and ribonuclease. Within 72 h of supplying molybdenum (50 μM) to molybdenum-deficient plants, chlorophyll concentration, soluble protein, and activities of nitrate reductase, catalase, and alanine aminotransferase showed considerable recovery but the increase in the peroxidase activity was further enhanced. Supply of molybdenum to molybdenum-deficient plants did not significantly affect the activity of aldolase, ribonuclease, and β-glycerophosphatase.

scholarly journals Forage Value of Some Popcorn (Zea mays L. everta) Genotypes

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Abdullah Oktem ◽  
Yıldız Kahramanoglu
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Forage Value

In this study, it was aimed to determine forage yield and yield characteristics of some popcorn (Zea mays L. everta) genotypes and find out the using possibilities of popcorn as a feed material. Study was carried out during the second crop growing season under Sanliurfa, Turkey climatic conditions in 2017. The experiment was designed complete randomized blocks design with three replicates. In the research 13 popcorn new genotypes were used as a crop material. In the study, tassel flowering duration values ranged from 52.0 day to 58.0 day, plant height from 161.23 cm to 210.20 cm, leaf number from 11.16 to 13.90 number ear-1, stem diameter from 21.12 mm to 25.39 mm. Also, another characteristic such as height of fist ear value values were between 74.1 cm and 111.4, biomass yield between 5092.9 kg da-1 and 8069.28 kg da-1. Dry matter yield values varied from 1812.28 to 3333.54 kg da-1, harvest index from 17.72% to 41.64%. When the plant height, biomass yield and dry matter yield values evaluated together for forage value of popcorn genotypes it was determined that 5YTR1305, AYCİN R-997, KUM1347 and 235EAD05 popcorn genotypes was found better than others. It was observed that biomass yield in popcorn plant reached 8 tons da-1 and dry matter yield over 3 tons da-1. It has been seen that popcorn can be used as a feed source for livestock animals.

scholarly journals The Effect of Mineral, Organic and Biofertilizeres on the Growth of Zea mays L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Bushra Mahmoud Alwan ◽  
Ahmed Majid Kareem
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Planting Season

An Implemented pot experiment  has been conducted in Al-Qadisiyah city - sadder AL- Yusufiya - District 9 in Spring planting season 2016 to study the effect of the overlap between the mineral , organic and bio fertilization in some  growth indicators to maize crop (Zea mays) in Silt Loam texture soils with factorial experiement according to completely randomize  design (Complete random design) and with  three replicates. The expenneit has been done by adding  mineral fertilizers (240 kg N. ha-1 and 80 kg P. ha-1 and 120 kg K. ha-1) three levels (0, 50% and 100%) respectively; and two levels of organic fertilizer (0 and 10 Mg. ha-1) respectively; and two levels of bio-fertilizer (0 and 2 ml. L-1) respectively to the irrigation water. The addition of mineral , organic and bio fertilizers has a significant effecct on the dry matter amount  and the treatment (M2O1B1) is given the highest average of  the dry matter,which reaches to 57.27 g.pot-1 as compared with the control treatment (M0O0B0), reacches to 20.46 g.pot-1 and the increasing percentage reach to 179.91%. There are no significant differences between (M1O1B1) and (M2O1B1). The triple overlap among the metal and organic fertilizers and bio has a significant effect on increasing the percentages of N, P and K in maize plants%, the treatment (M2O1B1) has achieved the highest average of 3.67% N and 0.49% P and 2.19% K respectively, compared with the treatment control (M0O0B0) 2.21% N and 0.23% P and 1.33% K sequentially with  increasing which presentage reached  to  66.06 N% and 113.04 P% and 64.66 K%. There are no significant differences between the treatments (M1O1B1) and (M2O1B1).

Magnesium in tropical and subtropical soils from north-eastern Australia. II. Response by glasshouse-grown maize to applied magnesium

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Hailes ◽  
R. L. Aitken ◽  
N. W. Menzies
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Low Magnesium ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Subtropical Soils

A glasshouse trial, in which maize (Zea mays L. cv. Pioneer 3270) was grown in 35 north-eastern Australian soils of low magnesium (Mg) status, was undertaken to study the response to applied Mg. Of the soils studied, 20 were strongly acidic (pH1:5 soil : water <5·4), and in these soils the response to Mg was studied in both the presence and absence of lime. Magnesium application significantly (P < 0·05) increased dry matter yield in 10 soils, all of which were strongly acidic. However, significant Mg responses were recorded in 6 soils in the presence of lime, indicating that, in many situations, liming strategies may need to include consideration of Mg nutrition. Critical soil test values for 90% relative yield were 0·21 cmol(+)/kg of exchangeable Mg or 7% Mg saturation, whilst the critical (90% yield) plant tissue Mg concentration (whole shoots) was 0·15%.

scholarly journals By-Plant Prediction of Dry Matter Yields at Various Growth Stages of Maize Plants (Zea mays L.) Using Leaf Greenness Indicator in Climatic Conditions of Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9513
Author(s):  
Waldemar Zielewicz ◽  
Barbara Wróbel ◽  
Piotr Szulc ◽  
Henryk Bujak ◽  
Barbara Stachowiak
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Leaf Greenness ◽  
K Fertilization ◽  
Greenness Index

Predicting yield at an early growth stage allows one to optimize the amount and timing of nitrogen fertilization to maximize crop yield. The aim of the study was to determine how different nitrogen doses would affect the nutrition of two maize varieties (Zea mays L.) with this element and their yields, and to demonstrate the potential of using the SPAD index as an early-stage predictor of dry matter yield (DMY) of maize biomass. The field experiment, with different pre- and post-sown N fertilizer doses, was conducted for two years in Poland. The two-factor experiment was set up in a randomized block design with three field replicates. There were four mineral fertilization variants: (I) 120 kg N·ha−1 without P and K fertilization, (II) 120 kg N·ha−1 + PK, (III) 160 kg N·ha−1 + PK, and (IV) 200 kg N·ha−1 + PK. The second-order factor was two stay-green maize varieties: Delitop (FAO 240) and Magitop (FAO 270). The mean values of the SPAD index of maize depended on the nitrogen dose. When the dose was increased from 120 kg·ha−1 to 200 kg·ha−1 with constant P and K fertilization, the value of the leaf greenness index increased significantly. The plants of both maize varieties fertilized with nitrogen at a dose of 120 kg N·ha−1 without P and K were characterized by the lowest values of the SPAD index, regardless of the year of the experiment. When the nitrogen dose was supplemented with P and K, the plants’ nutrition with nitrogen improved significantly. The values of the SPAD index in the maize plants of the variety Magitop were significantly greater than in the plants of the variety Delitop. The coefficients of correlation calculated for both maize varieties were highly significant at all measurement dates. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the SPAD leaf greenness index can be used as an important, reliable, and non-invasive indicator for maize yield prediction. Nutrition of maize plants with nitrogen proved to be the main determinant of variability of the biomass yield. For this reason, it was the basis for the verification of individual mineral fertilization variants. The lack of phosphorus and potassium in the dose of mineral fertilizer limited the yield regardless of the variety, as compared to the variant that was optimally balanced with the nitrogen dose.

scholarly journals Phosphorus Fertilization Enhances Productivity of Forage Corn (Zea mays L.) Irrigated with Saline Water

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2608
Author(s):  
Hamza Bouras ◽  
Ahmed Bouaziz ◽  
Redouane Choukr-Allah ◽  
Abdelaziz Hirich ◽  
Krishna Prasad Devkota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity

Salinity is a major problem affecting crop production in many regions in the world including Morocco. Agricultural practices such as fertilization could be useful to overcome this problem and improve crop productivity. The objective of our study was to evaluate the combined effect of phosphorus fertilization and irrigation water salinity on growth, yield, and stomatal conductance of forage corn (Zea mays L.) cv. “Sy sincerro”. Field experiments were carried out for two years testing four levels of irrigation water salinity (ECw = 0.7; 2, 4, and 6 dS·m−1) and three rates of phosphorus (105, 126, and 150 kg P2O5·ha−1) fertilization conducted in a split-plot design with three replications. The obtained results show that irrigation water salinity had a negative effect on all monitored parameters. For instance, the dry matter yield reduced by an average of 19.3 and 25.1% compared to the control under saline irrigation with an EC value equal to 4 and 6 dS·m−1, respectively. The finding also showed that phosphorus applications tend to increase root weight, root length, stem length, leaf stomatal conductance, grain yield and dry matter yield under salinity conditions. For example, the addition of phosphorus with a rate of 126 and 150 kg P2O5·ha−1 respectively improved dry matter yield by an average of 4 and 9% under low salinity level (ECw = 2 dS·m−1), by 4 and 15% under medium salinity (4 dS·m−1), and by 6 and 8% under a high salinity level (6 dS·m−1). Our finding suggests that supplementary P application could be one of the best practices to reduce the adverse effects of high salinity on growth and development of forage corn.

scholarly journals The effect of chromate on the synthesis of plastid pigments and lipoquinones in Zea mays L. seedlings

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Krupa ◽  
Marek Ruszkowski ◽  
Ewa Gilowska-Jung
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Root System ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Strong Reduction ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Plastid Pigments ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Maize plants cultivated on nutrient solutions containing increasing amounts of CrO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> (from 10<sup>-7</sup> to 10<sup>-4</sup> M) showed growth inhibition, strong reduction of the root system and an increase of dry matter of leaves. The highest accumulation of chromium in plant organs appeared in the roots. Chromate taken up into leaves caused changes in the content of plastid pigments and lipoquinones similar, in general, to those in senescent plants.

Effects of rates and placement methods of urea and potassium chloride on soil nitrogen and potassium and corn dry matter yield

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Chen ◽  
A. F. MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Fertilizer Placement ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Exchangeable K

Placement and interaction of urea and KCl fertilizers for corn production needs to be evaluated to develop rational fertilizer management programs. A field study, involving three rates of urea and KCl with band and broadcast placements, was conducted with corn on two Quebec soils in 1988 and 1989 to determine nutrient interactions on corn (Zea mays L.) dry matter yields, N and P uptake and on soil N and K. In two sites (Chicot 1988 and Ormstown 1989) with dry surface soils, no rainfall for 5 d and significant rainfall after 5 d, broadcast urea resulted in higher dry matter yields and uptake of N than banded urea. In the Chicot 1989 site where urea application was on moist soil and followed by rainfall insufficient to move broadcast urea into the soil, banded urea was more effective than broadcast urea. Banded urea generally resulted in increased inorganic N and fixed [Formula: see text] in soil sampled from within fertilizer bands but lower levels in soil between bands in comparison with broadcast urea. Banding KCl resulted in increased exchangeable K+ in the band. Compared with exchangeable K+, fixed K+ was less affected by placement methods and rates of added N and K. Interactions between rates and placement methods of N and K on dry matter yield, N and K uptake and soil N and K were few and relatively small. Key words: Fertilizer placement, urea, KCl, Zea mays, grain, corn

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