scholarly journals The effect of ammonium ions on the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in Cucumis sativus L. seedlings

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-436
Author(s):  
Genowefa Kubiak-Dobosz
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Medium Activity

Changes in the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), alanine aminotransferase (GPT) and aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) were studied in various organs of <em>Cucumis sativus</em> L. seedlings in relation to the uptake of mineral nitrogen (in form of N0<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> or NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> ) from the medium. Activity of GDH, GPT, and GOT was higher in young leaves and roots of cucumber seedlings if the plants developed- in an ammonium medium. No similar changes of aminotransferases activity were noted in the cotyledons. Factors affecting varying effect of ammonium ions upon GPT and GOT activity are discussed for particular organs of cucumber seedlings.

scholarly journals Influence of light and mineral nitrogen forms on the activity of some enzymes in Cucumis sativus L. cotyledons

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kubik-Dobosz ◽  
K. Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Forms ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L

It was demonstrated that when nitrogen was deficient in the medium, the activity of glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), alanine aminotransferase (GPT) and aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) in etiolated cucumber cotyledons was higher than in those of seedlings growing under light. When the plants grew on nitrate or ammonium medium, light stimulated GS activity and depressed that of GDH and GOT, without changing the activity of GPT. It was found that the influence of the form of mineral nitrogen on the activity of the studied enzymes was dependent on light. On the basis of the results. obtained, the contribution of the GS glutamate synthase system and GDH to the incorporation of the taken up nitrogen into the amino acids in light and in darkness is discussed.

scholarly journals The influence of potassium and calcium ions on nitrogen metabolism of cucumber seedlings

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-447
Author(s):  
Genowefa Kubik-Dobosz
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Aminotransferase Activity ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings ◽  
Plant Organ

It was found that K<sup>+</sup> or Ca<sup>2+</sup> deficiency in a nitrate or ammonium medium increased the amount of accumulated total and non-protein nitrogen in some organs of cucumber seedlings, as also caused changes in accumulated potassium and calcium. Lack of K<sup>+</sup> or Ca<sup>2+</sup> in a medium which did not contain nitrogen led to an increased level of glutamate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity in the cotyledons and roots of cucumbers. Similar changes in the activity of these enzymes were noted in certain organs of seedlings growing in nitrate or ammonium medium with decreased K<sup>+</sup> or Ca<sup>2+</sup> contents, although the magnitude of these changes depended upon the applied dosage of these cations, the form of mineral nitrogen, developmental phase of plants and the plant organ dealt with.

scholarly journals A Vacuolar Invertase CsVI2 Regulates Sucrose Metabolism and Increases Drought Tolerance in Cucumis sativus L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Lin Chen ◽  
Fenghua Zheng ◽  
Zili Feng ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Muxuan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Sucrose Synthase ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Vacuolar Invertase ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate

Vacuolar invertase (VI) can irreversibly degrade sucrose into glucose and fructose and involve in plants abiotic-stress-tolerance. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is susceptible to drought stress, especially during the seedling stage. To date, the involvement of VI in drought tolerance in cucumber seedlings is in urgent need of exploration. In the present study, a cucumber vacuolar invertase gene, CsVI2, was isolated and functionally characterized. The results showed that (1) CsVI2 showed vacuolar invertase activity both in vivo and in vitro; (2) the transcript level of CsVI2, along with VI activity, was significantly induced by drought stress. Moreover, the expression of sucrose synthase 3 (CsSUS3) was increased and that of sucrose phosphate synthase 1 (CsSPS1) was decreased after exposure to drought stress, which was followed by an increase in sucrose synthase activity and a decrease in sucrose phosphate synthase activity; (3) CsVI2-overexpressing transformed cucumber seedlings showed enhanced vacuolar invertase activity and drought tolerance and 4) protein–protein interaction modelling indicated that a cucumber invertase inhibitor, CsINVINH3, can interact with CsVI2. In summary, the results indicate that CsVI2 as an invertase can regulate sucrose metabolism and enhance drought stress in cucumber seedlings.

Regulation of Glyconeogenesis from Amino Acids by Acetate in Tetrahymena pyriformis

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mavrides
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Tetrahymena Pyriformis

The regulation of glyconeogenesis from amino acids by acetate was studied in Tetrahymena pyriformis. Alanine aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase were repressed by 0.1% sodium acetate in the growth medium. Incorporations into the glycogen of washed cells from the respective isotopically labelled amino acids were similarly suppressed.Incorporations into glycogen from uniformly 14C-labelled L-serine, L-leucine, L-isoleucine, L-tyrosine, and DL-β-14C-tyrosine were also suppressed by prior growth in a medium supplemented with 0.1% or 0.3% acetate. Percentage incorporation into glycogen was highest from tyrosine, followed by leucine, isoleucine, and alanine, and lowest from glutamic acid and serine.Supplementation of the medium with 0.25% glucose resulted in repression of the above two enzymes and suppression of incorporation into glycogen from amino acids.Incorporation of aspartic acid into glycogen was negligible and was variously and minimally affected by growth in glucose- or acetate-supplemented media. Aspartate aminotransferase was affected in a like manner.Glycogen content was not significantly affected by growth in media supplemented with 0.1% or 0.3% acetate. On the whole, the data suggest that acetate spares amino acids for glyconeogenesis by a mechanism which entails repression of amino-acid-catabolizing enzymes.

scholarly journals Reduction of nitrates in Cucumis sativus L. seedlings I. Influence of tungsten and vanadium on absorption and reduction of nitrates

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Józef Buczek ◽  
Ewa Kowalińska ◽  
Krystyna Kuczera
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Inhibiting Activity ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings

Investigations were conducted on the influence of tungsten (Na<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub>) and meta-vanadate (NaVO<sub>3</sub>) on uptake and reduction of nitrates by cucumber seedlings. Tungsten and vanadium almost completely inhibited nitrate reductase activity (NR) after treating the plants for 24 hours with nitrates in the presence of 10<sup>-4</sup> M WO<sub>4</sub><sup>-2</sup> and 10<sup>-3</sup> M VO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>. Uptake of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> in the presence of WO<sub>4</sub><sup>-2</sup> in this same period of time was lowered by about 50 %, while in the presence of VO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> by seventy percent. The ratio of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> absorbed to that reducted in control plants was around 3, whereas in the presence of WO<sub>4</sub><sup>-2</sup> and VO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> 9 and 8 respectively. The effect of NR inhibiting activity by WO<sub>4</sub><sup>-2</sup> and VO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> was significant but somewhat weaker if both inhibitors were applied to the plants 24 hours after formation of the NR system, whereas NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> uptake was subject to a slight lowering. The above data suggest that WO<sub>4</sub><sup>-2</sup> and VO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> after a 24 hour application of these inhibitors to plants, primary inhibit biosynthesis and activity of NR and to a lesser extent effect NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> absorption. On the basis of results reached the Butz and Jackson (1977) hypothesis concerning the model of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> uptake and reduction by plant tissues is discussed.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis and QTL Mapping of Resistance to Gummy Stem Blight in Cucumis sativus Seedling Stage

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. 1145-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shulin Liu ◽  
Yanxia Shi ◽  
Han Miao ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Baoju Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Didymella Bryoniae ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings ◽  
Stem Blight ◽  
Gummy Stem Blight ◽  
Ssr Primers ◽  
Important Disease

Gummy stem blight (GSB), caused by Didymella bryoniae (syn. Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum), is an important disease of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) worldwide. To better understand the resistance to GSB in cucumber seedlings, a set of 160 F9 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and a total of 405 pairs of SSR primers were employed to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring the resistance. Genetic analysis indicated that the resistance to GSB in PI 183967 seedlings was quantitative and mainly governed by two pairs of major QTLs and multiple minor QTLs. Six QTLs, gsb3.1, gsb3.2, gsb3.3, gsb4.1, gsb5.1, and gsb6.1, for resistance to GSB in cucumber seedlings were detected. The stable locus gsb5.1 on Chr.5 was repeatedly detected in three seasons. Locus gsb5.1 accounted for the highest phenotypic variation, 17.9%, and was flanked by SSR15321 and SSR07711 within the genetic distance of 0.5 cM. There were 102 candidate genes predicted in the region harboring the stable QTL gsb5.1, of which seven genes were related to disease resistance. These results can provide a good base for further study and molecular markers for fine-mapping the major QTL conferring GSB resistance in cucumber.

scholarly journals Response of Cucumis sativus L. seedlings to Pb exposure

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamile F. Gonçalves ◽  
Alexssandro G. Becker ◽  
Luciane B. Pereira ◽  
João B. T. da Rocha ◽  
Denise Cargnelutti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings ◽  
Pb Exposure ◽  
Pb Concentration

In this study, the effects of lead (Pb) on growth, photosynthetic pigments concentration, lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage percentage (ELP), protein oxidation, aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALA-D; E.C. 4.2.1.24), ascorbate peroxidase (APX; E.C. 1.11.1.11), catalase (CAT; E.C. 1.11.1.6) and superoxide dismutase (SOD; E.C. 1.15.1.1) activities, and ascorbic acid (AsA), non-protein thiol groups (NPSH) and total soluble protein concentrations in cucumber seedlings (Cucumis sativus L.) were investigated. Seedlings were grown in vitro in an agar-solidified substrate containing three Pb levels as (C2H3O2)Pb.3H2O (0, 100, 400, and 1000 µmol L-1) for 10 d. Increasing Pb concentrations in substrate enhanced Pb concentration in both roots and shoot. Pb accumulated at a higher amount in roots. Root length and total fresh weight were decreased at the two highest Pb concentrations. Cucumber showed no reduction in shoot length and total dry weight at any Pb level. The highest Pb concentration decreased water content and ALA-D activity as well as increased malondialdehyde, carbonyls and total soluble protein concentrations. Carotenoids concentration enhanced at 100 and 400 µmol Pb L-1, while chlorophyll concentration and ELP were not affected by Pb stress. Activity of APX was inhibited while the activities of CAT and SOD were increased at all Pb concentrations. AsA was enhanced at 400 and 1000 µmol Pb L-1 whereas NPSH were increased only at the highest Pb concentration. Therefore, high Pb-exposure caused oxidative stress, and the antioxidant system of the cucumber seedlings was not sufficient to revert it, contributing for growth reduction.

Inheritance of aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) in Cucumis species as revealed by interspecific hybridization

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 1503-1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Feng Chen ◽  
Gang Ren ◽  
Xiang-Dong Luo ◽  
Jack Staub ◽  
Molly M. Jahn
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Dosage Effects ◽  
Cucumis Species ◽  
Single Allele ◽  
The Difference

The inheritance of aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) isozymes was investigated in Cucumis sativus L. (CC; 2n = 2x = 14), Cucumis hystrix Chakr. (HH; 2n = 2x = 24), the synthetic amphidiploid species C. hytivus Chen & Kirkbride (HHCC; 2n = 4x = 38), and the allotriploid (HCC; 2n = 3x = 26) from backcrossing C. hytivus to C. sativus. Two polymorphic loci, Aat-1 and Aat-2, and one monomorphic locus, Aat-3, were detected among these parents and their progenies by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Cucumis sativus displayed the fast-migrating anodic band for Aat-1 (2), while C. hystrix contained a slow-migrating cathodic band (1). For Aat-2, the slow-migrating cathodic band was observed with C. sativus (1), whereas C. hystrix contained the fast-migrating anodic band (2). Cucumis hytivus, a synthetic species derived from doubling the chromosome number of a F1 from a C. sativus × C. hystrix mating, exhibited the typical hybrid dimeric banding pattern resulting from the combination of two parental homomeric products with equal staining intensity and a heteromeric product with intermediate mobility and greater staining intensity than either homomeric product. The difference in band intensity between C. hytivus and its backcross progenies, when C. sativus was the recurrent parent, were due to the dosage effects of alleles at Aat-1 and Aat-2. These banding morphotypes can be used for typing of C. hytivus and BC1 progenies that are similar in morphology. Aat-3 was monomorphic in this mating, encoding a single allele Aat-3 (1).

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