scholarly journals Influence of hypoxia on protoplast structure in the plant cell

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-376
Author(s):  
Maria Podbielkowska ◽  
Bożena Borys
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Respiratory Inhibitors ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Parallel Structures

An influence of hypoxia on the protoplast’s structure in the root tips meristematic cells of onion (<i>Allium cepa</i> L.) and of <i>Tradescantia bracteata</i> Small has been investigated. Hypoxia was caused either by respiratory inhibitors (sodium azide, 2,4-dinitrophenol), phosfon-D or by anaeroibic conditions. In both cases characteristic membranization of cytoplasm was observed. It appeared as spherical and parallel structures of rough endoplasmic reticulum. The observed hypertrophy was not connected with the increase of nucleic acids and proteins synthesis. In the examined cells the membranization was accompanied by an increase of the lipids content.

The preprophase band: possible involvement in the formation of the cell wall

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Packard ◽  
S.M. Stack
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Preprophase Band ◽  
Adjacent Cell ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Narrow Region ◽  
The Matrix

Numerous vesicles were observed among the microtubules of the “preprophase” band in prophase cells from root tips of Allium cepa. The content of these vesicles looks similar to the matrix of adjacent cell walls, and these vesicles often appear to be involved in exocytosis. In addition, the cell walls perpendicular to the plane of (beneath) the preprophase band are often differentially thickened compared to the walls lying parallel to the plane of the band. Our interpretation of these observations is that the preprophase band may direct or channel vesicles containing precursors of the cell wall to localized regions of wall synthesis. The incorporation of constituents of the cell wall into a narrow region defined by the position of the preprophase band may be a mechanism that ensures unidirecitonal growth of meristematic cells.

scholarly journals Influence of extract from shoots of Taxus baccata var. elegantissima on ultrastructure and tubulin cytoskeleton of meristematic cells of Allium cepa L. roots

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Majewska ◽  
Mirosława Furmanowa ◽  
Kazimierz Głowniak ◽  
Joanna Guzewska ◽  
Alicja Zobel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Preprophase Band ◽  
Taxus Baccata ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Interphase Cells ◽  
Average Size

We investigated the influence of extract from <em>Taxus baccata</em> var. Elegantissima (TbE) shoots in 1:8 dilution, containing paclitaxel in concentration of 81,6 µg/g fresh mass on ultrastructure and tubulin cytoskeleton of meristematic cells of <em>Allium cepa</em> L. root tips. Incubation time 3, 6, 12 and 24 h was followed with postincubation in water for 12 and 24 h. During shorter incubation (till 12 h) the surface of the cell nuclei decreased and chromatin became condensed (in comparison to control) but after 24 h the average surface increased and chromatin condensation decreased. In the course of incubation the average size of plastids and vacuoles increased. Moreover, after treatment mitochondria and plastids showed degradation of ultrastructure, which was reversed after 12 h of postincubation. Immunocytochemical assays demonstrated that in the course of incubation in the ThE extract, the tubulin cytoskeleton became partially disorganised. In most interphase cells, cortical microtubules (MTs) lost their oval transverse orientation. The preprophase band (PPB) position in the cell was often asymmetrical. The MTs array of the karyokinetic spindle and phragmoplast was also disturbed. These alterations were completely reversed during postincubation.

Ébauches intracytoplasmiques de grains protéiques dans des cotylédons de Raphanus en développement

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 2887-2895
Author(s):  
Louis Genevès ◽  
Jacques Rutin
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Protein Bodies ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Size And Structure

Protein bodies were characterized at an early stage of their maturation in thin green cotyledons of developing radish embryos. They appeared as granules in the cytoplasm of meristematic cells. Their diameter (0.5 to 1 μm) was in the range of that of mitochondria. They were distinguished from vacuoles by their morphology, size, and structure. Some appeared to be associated with cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum or dictyosomes (permanganic fixations). Their evolution was synchronous in the cell and also in the cotyledonary tissue. Compact in appearance, they were constituted of thin packed fibrillar structures, limited by a denser peripheral layer. It is difficult to know whether or not they had a limiting membrane. Some possessed thin dense crystals or globoids (aldehydic fixations). During this early phase, several types of organelles seemed to contribute to the development of protein bodies, including saccules of rough endoplasmic reticulum and dictyosomes. Polyribosomes constituted a network around their surface. They did not exhibit any acid phosphatase activity. In this respect, they differed from the vacuoles, saccules of endoplasmic reticulum, and several neighbouring vesicles.

scholarly journals Antigenotoxic potential of gel extract of Aloe vera against Sodium azide genotoxicity in Allium cepa cells

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Akeem Akinboro ◽  
Aisha Jimoh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Aloe Vera Gel ◽  
Lower Dose Range ◽  
Dose Dependent

Nowadays, the increasing rate of human exposure to various kinds of environmental mutagens has necessitated the search for natural antimutagens /antigenotoxic agents in natural products. In this study, Aloe vera gel extract was tested for its possible antigenotoxicity following the Allium cepa assay. Ten onions (Allium cepa) per dose were grown for 48 and 72 hours on gel extract of A. vera at 6.25%, 12.5%, 25.0%, 50.0% and 100.0% in combination with sodium azide (0.05mg/ml) solution for microscopic and macroscopic evaluations, respectively. Distilled water and sodium azide were the negative and positive controls, respectively. The cell division in the root tips, and root growth in the exposed A. cepa were inhibited in a dose dependent manner by the mixture of A. vera and sodium azide. However, the mixture of absolute (100.0%) dose and sodium azide completely arrested cell division and induced a lower root length than that recorded for sodium azide alone. The genotoxicity of sodium azide was inversely reduced by the doses of A. vera except at 100.0%. These results show that gel extract of A. vera possesses strong antigenotoxic /antimutagenic potency at lower dose range of 6.25% to 25.0% in A. cepa cells, however, its higher doses above 50.0% to 100.0% could be severely toxic when being considered for suppression of environmental mutagens’ mutagenicity or genotoxicity. This suggests that gel extract of A. vera contains phytochemical(s) that can be useful in the development of anticancer drug.

scholarly journals Antimitotic effect, G2/M accumulation, chromosomal and ultrastructure changes in meristematic cells of Allium cepa L. root tips treated with the extract from Rhodiola rosea roots

Caryologia ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Majewska ◽  
Ewa Wolska ◽  
Elwira Śliwińska ◽  
Mirosława Furmanowa ◽  
Natalia Urbańska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Rhodiola Rosea ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Antimitotic Effect

scholarly journals Genotoxicity Induced by Food Coloring Dyes on Meristematic Cells Root Tips of Allium Cepa

2019 ◽  
Vol Volume-3 (Issue-4) ◽  
pp. 116-118
Author(s):  
Sheetal Kaur ◽  
Priyadarshini Halady ◽  
B. Revathi | Lodhi Bushra | Dr. Swapna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Meristematic Cells

scholarly journals Changes in ATPase activity in meristematic cells of Allium cepa L. roots caused by oncostatics

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-207
Author(s):  
Maria Podbielkowska ◽  
Maria Wałęza ◽  
Mirosława Ważyńska
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Cell Respiration ◽  
Meristematic Tissue ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Root Apices

Specific changes in the activity of ATPases: mitochondrial and transport associated with the plasmalemma and membranes of endoplasmic reticulum have been observed during experiments on the meristematic tissue of <em>Allium cepa</em> root apices subject to cytostatics (methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine). It seems that an observed increase in the ATPase activity is correlated with a decrease in the level of cell respiration caused by oncostatics.

scholarly journals Mitotic activity, submicroscopic organization and respiration of meristematic cells of root tips of Allium cepa L. treated with dacarbazine (DTIC)

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Podbielkowska ◽  
Anna Śluborska ◽  
Maria Wałęza
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Cell Respiration ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Respiratory Inhibitors ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Inhibition Of Dna Synthesis ◽  
Tissue Ultrastructure

Studies were carried out on the effect of dacarbazine (DTIC) on meristematic cells of root tips of <em>Allium</em> cepa L. Noticeable mitodepression was observed. It depended upon time of exposure and DTIC concentration. Mitodepression was caused by an inhibition of DNA synthesis and blocking of the G<sub>2</sub> phase. DTIC caused also disturbances of the karyokinesis and cytokinesis, similar as in case of colchicine effect. In the experimental conditions inhibition of cell respiration was noted, as also changes in the tissue ultrastructure. These changes were typical of the effect of respiratory inhibitors.

scholarly journals Effect of water extract from leaves of Nerium oleander L. on mitosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-631
Author(s):  
J. A. Tarkowska
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Effect Of Water

The effect of water extract from leaves of <i>Nerium oleander</i> L. on the mitosis in meristematic cells of <i>Allium cepa</i> L. root tips has been studied. Observations were made on the changes during incubation and postincubation. Significant disturbances were observed in the development of the mitotic spindle leading to the formation of polyploid and hypoploid nuclei capable of further division. Substances contained in the water extract, and causing the disturbances, are water soluble glycosides. Introductory observations under an electron microscope indicate that the glycosides desorganize the continuous fibres of the spindle which can be considered as the direct cause of the observed disturbances.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document