scholarly journals Activity and localization of some hydrolytic enzymes during the development of Iris pseudoacorus endosperm

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gabara ◽  
L. Konopska ◽  
M. J. Olszewska
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Early Stages

The changes in the activity of some hydrolytic enzymes during the development of <i>Iris pseudoacorus</i> endosperm were investigated using biochemical and cytochemical methods. In the early stages of development the chalazal pole shows a greater enzymatic activity than the micropylar pole. These differences decline as the seeds mature, and the activity of the studied enzymes becomes lower as the endosperm develops. Considerable activity of ß-galactosidase has been observed at the time of deposition of storage hemi-celluloses in the cell walls of the endosperm. Activity of the cytochemically datectable -hydrolases is localised in granules up to 2μ in diameter. Cytochemical observations in the electron microscope indicate that the activity of acid phosphatase is associated with spherosomes.

scholarly journals THE PARTICULATE HYDROLASES OF MACROPHAGES

1963 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 1009-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zanvil A. Cohn ◽  
Edith Wiener
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Prolonged Incubation

The influence of phagocytosis on the morphological and biochemical properties of macrophage hydrolase-containing granules has been studied in vitro. Following the uptake of large numbers of heat-killed bacteria, an intracellular rearrangement of hydrolytic enzymes occurred. This was associated with the solubilization of 50 to 60 per cent of the total cell content of acid phosphatase, cathepsin, lysozyme, beta glucuronidase, acid ribonuclease, and acid desoxyribonuclease and with a corresponding decrease in granule-bound enzyme. With more prolonged incubation the majority of the soluble intracellular pool of acid ribonuclease and lysozyme was lost to the extracellular medium. No change in the total content of any of the hydrolases was noted during 180 minutes of incubation in vitro. The morphological fate of the granules was studied by a histochemical method for acid phosphatase. After the phagocytosis of yeast cell walls there was a disappearance of acid phosphatase-positive granules and an accumulation of reaction product about the ingested particle. Experiments employing macrophages which were supravitally stained with neutral red also demonstrated the loss of neutral red-positive granules and the accumulation of the dye about the yeast cell walls. These results strongly suggest that lysis of macrophage granules occurs following phagocytosis and that a portion of the granule contents are then resegregated within the newly formed phagocytic vacuole.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of the acid phosphatase and ribonuclease from protocorms of the orchids Cymbidium Sw. and changes occurring after treatment with streptomycin

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Morawiecka ◽  
A. Kubicz ◽  
K. Kukułczanka ◽  
A. Koch ◽  
E. Markefka
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
Molecular Forms ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Culture Growth

The molecular forms of the acid phosphatase and RNase in protocorms of <i>Cymbidium</i> Sw. were studied by disc electrophoresis. The effect of streptomycin added to the culture medium on both enzymes was investigated. Significant changes in enzyme activity and electrophoretic patterns occured after addition of streptomycin at the beginning of culture growth. This indicates that the enzymes are affected by streptomycin in early stages of development of the protocorms.

Enzymatic activity of yeasts isolated from the inflamed mammary secretion in dairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wawron ◽  
M. Bochniarz ◽  
M. Szczubiał
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Candida Kefyr ◽  
Candida Famata ◽  
Candida Lusitaniae ◽  
Leucine Arylamidase

Enzymatic activity of yeasts isolated from the inflamed mammary secretion in dairy cows The aim of the study was to evaluate enzymatic activities of yeasts isolated from inflammatory mammary secretion. The yeasts isolated from cows with clinical and sub-clinical mastitis (134 strains) included: Candida krusei (62 strains), Candida kefyr (48 strains), Candida lusitaniae (17 strains) and Candida famata (7 strains). The API ZYM system was used containing substrates to assess 19 hydrolytic enzymes. Substantial differences in the number and activity of hydrolyses were demonstrated in individual species. In Candida krusei, acid phosphatase showed the highest activity (4.36 points), in Candida kefyr and Candida lusitaniae - leucine arylamidase (4.93 and 4.25 points, respectively), in Candida famata - α-glucosidase (4.75 points). No activity of trypsin, chymotrypsin, α-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, α-mannosidase or α-fucosidase was observed in any of the yeasts examined.

Ultrastructural observations on Nimbospora bipolaris (Halosphaeriaceae, Ascomycetes)

1993 ◽  
Vol 339 (1290) ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Microscope Level ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Electron Microscope Level ◽  
Characteristic Appearance ◽  
Mucilaginous Sheath ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Transmission Electron

The ultrastructure of the ascus, ascospores and appendages of Nimbospora bipolaris were examined at the transmission electron microscope level. The mature ascus wall comprises a single narrow electron-opaque layer which deliquesces and lacks an apical elaboration. Ascospore walls comprise a bipartite mesosporium, a thinner electron-opaque episporium and an outer mucilaginous sheath. Before release from the ascus the mucilaginous sheath is compact and folded. The fibrillar, trailing ascospore appendages are arranged in eight equidistant tufts around the circumference of the septum, originate from the mesosporium and emerge through pores in the episporium. In early stages of development the appendages are retained within the mucilaginous sheath but upon release from the ascus the sheath expands and the appendages pierce the sheath and radiate out to form their characteristic appearance. Ascospore ontogeny in N. bipolaris is compared with other appendaged members of the Halosphaeriaceae.

scholarly journals Further Studies on the Lyo and Desmo Components of Several Hydrolytic Enzymes and Their Histochemical Significance

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Hannibal ◽  
Marvin M. Nachlas
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Aqueous Medium ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
And Diffusion

This report describes additional studies of the lyo and desmo components of esterase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase, and ß-glucuronidase. The techniques used have already been reported (7). Enzyme diffusion occurs to different degrees in different fixatives, and varies somewhat with each enzyme. Loss of enzymatic activity during fixation occurs as a result of both inactivation due to the chemical reaction of the fixative with the enzymic protein, and diffusion of the lyo component into the fixative. The amount of diffusion into formalin can be reduced by the addition of salts, sucrose, or methocel. The pH of the aqueous medium significantly influences the removal of the lyo fraction from the tissue section. A striking similarity can be noted in the proportions of each fraction of enzyme present in the kidney of the rat, dog, and man. The procedure of fixation and paraffin embedding of tissue blocks does not wholly prevent the diffusion of the lyo component from the tissue sections when they are subsequently immersed in the aqueous incubation medium.

Enzymatic activity and biotypes of Candida fungi isolated from the surfaces of mobile phones and hands

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-30
Author(s):  
Anna Kordecka ◽  
Elżbieta Krajewska-Kułak E. ◽  
Cecylia Łukaszuk ◽  
M. Kraszyński ◽  
B Kraszyńska
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Hydrolytic Activity ◽  
Mobile Telephones ◽  
Leucine Arylamidase

Introduction: The secretion of hydrolytic enzymes is a factor facilitating pathogenic fungi invasion into the tissues. Purpose: To assess hydrolytic activity and biotypes of Candida strains isolated from samples collected from the surfaces of mobile phones and the hands of their owners. Materials and methods: The study included 175 mobile telephones and hands. The API ZYM test was used to assess enzymatic activity; biotyping was performed according to Williamson’s classification. Results: Among the strains isolated from hand surfaces, the highest activity was shown for C. albicans (acid phosphatase, esterase), C. glabrata (leucine arylamidase, acid phosphatase, esterase), and C. krusei (acid phosphatase). Of the strains isolated from phone surfaces, the highest activity was shown for C. albicans (leucine arylamidase, acid phosphatase), C. glabrata (esterase, leucine arylamidase, esterase lipase), and C. krusei (acid phosphatase). Biotypes G, B and F were dominant for all types of fungi, both for strains isolated from phones and hand surfaces. Additionally, biotype A was dominant for C. krusei. Conclusions: C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. krusei showed activity for all hydrolytic enzymes. The strongest correlation between the hydrolytic activity of fungi isolated from hand and phone surfaces was shown for C. albicans.

ASSESSMENT OF GRAY FOREST SOIL ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY IN AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Phosphorus Cycle ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Urease Enzyme ◽  
Natural Analogues ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
The Impact

On the grey forest medium-loamy soil of Vladimir Opolye region we have studied the impact of various methods of basic cultivation and fertilizer systems on the activity of redox and hydrolytic enzymes: ure-ase (nitrogen cycle), invertase (carbon cycle), phosphatase (phosphorus cycle), and catalase, involved in the cycle of carbon in the soil. The second humus horizon with capacity of 19-24cm was found at the depth of 20 - 21 cm on the experimental field. We have studied three modes of basic soil cultivation: an-nual shallow flat plowing (6-8 cm), annual deep flat plowing (20-22 cm), and annual moldboard plowing (20-22 cm) with normal and intensive application of fertilizers. The most enzymatically active layer is 0-20 cm. No relevant difference has been found in the level of enzymes activity between variants of basic soil treatment. Activity of enzymes increases with application of fertilizers on the intensive background. In agrogenic soils, soil enzymatic activity is lower on average by 16-22% compared to the soil of the res-ervoir. The biggest negative transformation of activity has been observed at the urease enzyme (up to 50%). With annual moldboard plowing on the intensive backgroung, enzyme activity has been close to the natural level – 98.4%. Catalise and invertase activity in this case were found to be higher (105 and 116% respectively) than that of natural analogues. Activity of enzymes increases with intensive application of fertilizers as compared with normal background. This is particularly evident with 6-8cm deep beardless plowing and 20-22cm deep moldboard plowing. In general, the obtained biochemical indicators charac-terize the highest environmental sustainability of this variation within our research.

Antifungal Proteins from Plant Latex

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-506
Author(s):  
Mayck Silva Barbosa ◽  
Bruna da Silva Souza ◽  
Ana Clara Silva Sales ◽  
Jhoana D’arc Lopes de Sousa ◽  
Francisca Dayane Soares da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Protein Classification ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Antifungal Proteins ◽  
Plant Latex

Latex, a milky fluid found in several plants, is widely used for many purposes, and its proteins have been investigated by researchers. Many studies have shown that latex produced by some plant species is a natural source of biologically active compounds, and many of the hydrolytic enzymes are related to health benefits. Research on the characterization and industrial and pharmaceutical utility of latex has progressed in recent years. Latex proteins are associated with plants’ defense mechanisms, against attacks by fungi. In this respect, there are several biotechnological applications of antifungal proteins. Some findings reveal that antifungal proteins inhibit fungi by interrupting the synthesis of fungal cell walls or rupturing the membrane. Moreover, both phytopathogenic and clinical fungal strains are susceptible to latex proteins. The present review describes some important features of proteins isolated from plant latex which presented in vitro antifungal activities: protein classification, function, molecular weight, isoelectric point, as well as the fungal species that are inhibited by them. We also discuss their mechanisms of action.

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