scholarly journals Unexpected Occurrence of Cladosporium spp. on the Inner Surface of the Spathe of the Titan Arum, Amorphophallus titanum

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Ruprecht ◽  
Stephanie A. Socher ◽  
Stefan Dötterl
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
First Record ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
Plant Kingdom ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Restricted Region

Abstract The air-borne distributed genus Cladosporium Link is globally one of the most common fungal genera. By sequencing the barcode marker ITS, here, we document two taxa belonging to this genus – C. cf. dominicanum Zalar, de Hoog & Gunde-Cimerman and C. halotolerans Zalar, de Hoog & Gunde-Cimerman ( C. sphaerospermum Penz complex) – which were detected on the inner surface of the spathe of the titan arum, Amorphophallus titanum (Becc.) Becc. (Araceae). Titan arum holds the record for the largest unbranched inflorescence in the plant kingdom, with a height reaching up to 3 meters. The two identified Cladosporium species are part of a clearly defined fungal layer inside the proximal region of the spathe, surrounding the flower-containing region of the spadix. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of a macroscopically visible layer of Cladosporium on a living plant material. Furthermore, this study also discusses why this layer occurs only in a spatially restricted region of the spathe, and the possible consequences that the occurrence of these fungi might have on the development and reproduction of the plant.

Embryonic development of Syagrus inajai (Spruce) Becc. (Arecaceae, Arecoideae), an Amazonian palm

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poliana Roversi Genovese-Marcomini ◽  
Maria Sílvia de Mendonça ◽  
Sandra Maria Carmello-Guerreiro
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Embryonic Axis ◽  
Terminal Cell ◽  
Globular Embryo ◽  
Anatomical Analysis

Syagrus inajai (‘pupunharana’) is a native palm of Brazil, with phytogeographic prevalence in the Amazon region. A morpho-anatomical analysis was undertaken in order to gain a better knowledge on the embryonic development and germinative process of the S. inajai. Plant material was collected from the Campus of the Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, and processed using standard morphological and anatomical techniques. The development process of the embryo takes ~220 days, and is divided into four stages: proembryo, globular embryo, lateral cordiform and torpedo. The embryo is small, linear, and derived from the terminal cell of the proembryo, arising from mitotic divisions in the apical cell. The embryonic axis is straight, located in the proximal region, aligned parallel to the length of the embryo. The single cotyledon is formed by the ground meristem, procambium and protoderm. The procambium supplies the embryonic axis and the haustorium.

A new species of bomolochid Orbitacolax brevispinus n. sp. and redescription of taeniacanthid Cirracanthus inimici (Yamaguti et Yamasu, 1959) (Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopoida) parasitic on marine fishes of Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-703
Author(s):  
Seong Yong Moon ◽  
Jung-Hwa Choi ◽  
B.A. Venmathi Maran
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
First Record ◽  
Setal Formula ◽  
Korean Waters ◽  
Parasitic Copepods ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Inimicus Japonicus ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
A New Species

Abstract Two species of cyclopoid copepods are recorded in this study. (1) A new species of bomolochid, Orbitacolax brevispinus n. sp. (Crustacea) is described based on adult females collected from the gill filaments and inner surface of the opercula of red barracuda, Sphyraena pinguis Günther (Perciformes: Sphyraenidae), captured in Korean waters. The new species differs from its congeners by the possession of two pairs of spines on the dorsal surface of the cephalothorax located just posterior to the rostrum and a different setal formula on the distal exopodal segments of legs 2–4. (2) A taeniacanthid Cirracanthus inimici (Yamaguti et Yamasu, 1959) (Crustacea) is redescribed based on the specimens collected from the gill filaments and inner surface of the opercula of devil stinger, Inimicus japonicus (Cuvier) (Scorpaeniformes: Synancellidae). This finding is the first record in Korean waters and the first description of male. A checklist of parasitic copepods of the families Bomolochidae Sumpf, 1871 and Taeniacanthidae Wilson, 1911of Korea is also provided.

Self-compatibility and specialisation in a fly-pollinated Acianthera (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidiinae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Pansarin ◽  
L. M. Pansarin ◽  
M. E. P. Martucci ◽  
L. Gobbo-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
First Record ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
System A ◽  
Pollination Mechanisms ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Secretory Tissue ◽  
Effective Pollinator

Diptera is one of the most widespread order of pollinators within Angiosperms and the more important pollinator group of the orchid subtribe Pleurothallidinae. Acianthera aphthosa (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase was studied in a Brazilian nature reserve, covering aspects of phenology, floral morpho-anatomy, flower histochemistry, pollinators, pollination mechanisms and reproductive system. A. aphthosa possess multicellular papillae on the inner surface of the sepals, which release a fetid dung-like fragrance. The fragrance is released by apical stomata, and attracts several fly species of the families Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Sarcophagidae and Ulidiidae. However, only one species of Acrosticta (Ulidiidae) was shown to be an effective pollinator. The upper surface of the labellum possesses a secretory tissue that apparently is related to nectar production, although the secretion is retained under the cuticle. As is common in fly-pollinated orchids, the Diptera are trapped by the flower. However, contrary to what is reported for other myophilous orchids, the pollinators of A. aphthosa are not frightened after leaving the flower and commonly visit further flowers on the same plant and inflorescence. In this case, the retention of the anther cap by the pollinarium, tend to reduce the geitonogamous self-pollination. A. aphthosa is self-compatible but pollinator-dependent. To the best of our knowledge this is the first record of complete self-compatibility in Acianthera. The low amount of seeds without embryos in self-pollinated flowers, in contrast to cross-pollinations, seems to be a consequence of inbreeding depression.

scholarly journals First Record of Cacopsylla pulchella (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) in Croatia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
Milan Pernek ◽  
Marta Matek ◽  
Tamara Maretić ◽  
Nikola Lacković ◽  
Dinka Matošević
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Field Research ◽  
First Record ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Spherical Drop ◽  
Infestation Intensity ◽  
Alien Insect ◽  
Entomological Laboratory

The aim of this study is to identify plant lice Cacopsylla pulchella a new alien insect in the fauna of Croatia. We propose a new method of infestation level assessment in order to assess the potential of this insect as a pest. In May 2020 samples were collected from eleven locations in Croatia, where Cercis siliquastrum is grown in parks. Adults and nymphs of C. pulchella were collected together with a plant material and brought to entomological laboratory for further analysis. Field research was performed in order to assess the distribution and infestation intensity across various localities in Croatia. The intensity of infestation was assessed heuristically by visual examination and was categorized in four categories: 0) no infestation, 1) low, 2) moderate and 3) high infestation. C. pulchella was confirmed on C. siliquastrum in eleven localities in Croatia. Most of the infested trees had a low or moderate intensity of infestation. Damages caused by this insect are due to the emission of honey dew, a small spherical drop covered with waxy secretion causing necrotic areas which could lead to the premature fall of the leaves. It is not known what kind of progress in infestation intensity could be expected so infested trees found in this study should be checked closely in the coming years. It is strongly suggested to continue the monitoring of this alien insect on C. siliquastrum in Croatia and to estimate its potential of become an invasive pest which could endanger ornamental and other values of its hosts.

The genus Bolbonema Cobb, 1920 (Nematoda: Desmodoridae): emended diagnosis, key to males, and description of three new species from the continental shelf off northeastern Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4420 (4) ◽  
pp. 551
Author(s):  
ALEXANDRE L. LARRAZÁBAL-FILHO ◽  
PATRÍCIA F. NERES ◽  
ANDRÉ M. ESTEVES
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
First Record ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
The Body ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Emended Diagnosis

The marine nematode genus Bolbonema has three valid species, the most recent one described eight years ago. Characteristics of the genus include the well-defined globular cephalic capsule and the long and short somatic setae along the body. Three previously undescribed species of this genus were collected on the continental shelf of the Potiguar Basin in northeastern Brazil. Bolbonema braziliensis sp. n. has a relatively large cryptospiral fovea amphidialis, gubernaculum a bent rod dorsally oriented and two subventral precloacal setae inserted on two small papillae above the cloaca. Bolbonema papillae sp. n. has a large multispiral fovea amphidialis with three turns, arched spicules with the proximal region rounded, a laminar and well-developed gubernaculum enfolding the distal portion of the spicules, and two subventral precloacal papillae just above the cloaca. Bolbonema zildae sp. n. has a spiral fovea amphidialis, no supplements, arched spicules with a velum, and the gubernaculum with a dorsal apophysis. These three new species increase to six the number of taxa known in the genus. A dichotomous key based on males, an emended diagnosis of the genus, and the first record of Bolbonema brevicolle Cobb, 1920 from Brazil are provided. 

Tillandsia bandensis (Bromeliaceae): its lectotypification and a new subspecies from Uruguay

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 405 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRÉS J. ROSSADO ◽  
SABINA DONADÍO ◽  
JOSÉ M. BONIFACINO
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
Reproductive Structures

A new epilithic subspecies of Tillandsia bandensis (Bromeliaceae) is described based on the analysis of herbarium specimens as well as living plant material in the field and in cultivation. The new subspecies differs from the typical one mainly by its bigger and more lepidote reproductive structures. Detailed morphological descriptions for T. bandensis and its subspecies are provided, as well as images, illustrations and data on distribution, habitat, phenology and conservation status for the new subspecies here described. Lectotypes for T. bandensis, T. bandensis var. intermedia and T. recurvata var. majuscula are designated.

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