Embryonic development of Syagrus inajai (Spruce) Becc. (Arecaceae, Arecoideae), an Amazonian palm

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poliana Roversi Genovese-Marcomini ◽  
Maria Sílvia de Mendonça ◽  
Sandra Maria Carmello-Guerreiro
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Embryonic Axis ◽  
Terminal Cell ◽  
Globular Embryo ◽  
Anatomical Analysis

Syagrus inajai (‘pupunharana’) is a native palm of Brazil, with phytogeographic prevalence in the Amazon region. A morpho-anatomical analysis was undertaken in order to gain a better knowledge on the embryonic development and germinative process of the S. inajai. Plant material was collected from the Campus of the Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, and processed using standard morphological and anatomical techniques. The development process of the embryo takes ~220 days, and is divided into four stages: proembryo, globular embryo, lateral cordiform and torpedo. The embryo is small, linear, and derived from the terminal cell of the proembryo, arising from mitotic divisions in the apical cell. The embryonic axis is straight, located in the proximal region, aligned parallel to the length of the embryo. The single cotyledon is formed by the ground meristem, procambium and protoderm. The procambium supplies the embryonic axis and the haustorium.

scholarly journals Case Report: Mucinous Adenocarcinoma Arising From Congenital Ejaculatory Duct Cyst

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Shen ◽  
Kai Liao ◽  
Weili Wu ◽  
Gongyu Li ◽  
Shijin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Mucinous Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Ejaculatory Duct ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Resected Specimen ◽  
Duct Cyst ◽  
Evidenced Based

Herein we present a previously unreported rare case of mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from a congenital ejaculatory duct cyst. Radiographic and endoscopic examinations revealed the tumor occurred in a cyst running through the prostate. Initially, the immunohistochemical pathology results showed that it was a metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma, but no other primary lesions were clinically evidenced. Based on the embryonic development process of the male urogenital tract, the malformation of the patient's ejaculatory duct, and the pathological examination of the resected specimen, we considered the tumor to be a primary mucinous adenocarcinoma which originating from the hypoplastic ejaculatory duct. The tumor may have developed from the foci of intestinal metaplasia from cloacal remnants during embryonic development.

The gametophytes on the Victorian Blechnaceae. I. Blechnum nudum (Labill.) Luerss

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
IG Stone
Keyword(s):  
Basal Cell ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Terminal Cell ◽  
Irregular Margin ◽  
Usual Manner ◽  
Ring Cell ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
One Year

An account is given of the spore, germination, vegetative features, and reproductive organs of the gametophyte of Blechnum nudum. The species is unlike other Blechnum spp. so far described in having a green spore, a prothallus without hairs, and an early formation of cells in a third dimension. The apical cell develops from the terminal cell of the short filament, chloroplasts are present in the rhizoids, and the mature prothallus is cordate with a slightly depressed sinus and an irregular margin. At one year the prothallus becomes elongated with a thick midrib and slightly ruffled wings. The antheridium is elongated and has a disk or occasionally columnar shaped basal cell, a ring cell, and an asymmetrical cap cell. Some antheridia on the cushion region become very large. Nuclear divisions in the development of the antheridium are described in detail. The archegonium has a squat appearance, develops in the usual manner, and has a short, rather straight neck.

Binuclear Drosophila oocytes: consequences and implications for dorsal-ventral patterning in oogenesis and embryogenesis

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 927-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Roth ◽  
P. Jordan ◽  
R. Karess
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Cell Sheet ◽  
Follicle Cell ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
Embryonic Axis ◽  
Follicular Epithelium ◽  
Perivitelline Space ◽  
Cell Fates ◽  
Do So

The position of the nucleus along the anterior rim of stage 8 Drosophila oocytes presages the dorsal side of the egg and the developing embryo. In this paper, we address the question of whether the oocyte has a previously determined dorsal side to which the nucleus is drawn, or whether nuclear position randomly determines the dorsal side. To do so, we have taken advantage of a genetic system in which Drosophila oocytes occasionally become binuclear. We find that (i) the two nuclei migrate independently to their respective positions on the anterior rim, sometimes selecting the same site, sometimes not, (ii) the two nuclei are equivalent in their ability to induce a dorsal-ventral pattern in the overlying follicular epithelium, and (iii) at any position around the anterior circumference of the egg chamber the follicle cell sheet is equally responsive to the Gurken signal associated with the oocyte nuclei. These results argue that the dorsal-ventral axis is determined arbitrarily by the randomly selected position of the nucleus on the anterior rim of the oocyte. Some of the binuclear eggs support embryonic development. However, despite the duplication of dorsal chorion structures, the majority of such embryos show normal dorsal-ventral patterning. Thus, processes exist in the ventral follicular epithelium or in the perivitelline space that compensate for the expansion of dorsal follicle cell fates and consequently allow the formation of a normal embryonic axis.

scholarly journals MyoD, myogenin independent differentiation of primordial myoblasts in mouse somites.

1992 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 1243-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
M G Cusella-De Angelis ◽  
G Lyons ◽  
C Sonnino ◽  
L De Angelis ◽  
E Vivarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Myogenic Cells

The accumulation of two myogenic regulatory proteins, MyoD and myogenin, was investigated by double-immunocytochemistry and correlated with myosin heavy chain expression in different classes of myoblasts in culture and during early myogenesis in vivo. During in vitro differentiation of fetal myoblasts, MyoD-positive cells were detected first, followed by the appearance of cells positive for both MyoD and myogenin and finally by the appearance of differentiated myocytes and myotubes expressing myosin heavy chain (MHC). A similar pattern of expression was observed in cultures of embryonic and satellite cells. In contrast, most myogenic cells isolated from newly formed somites, expressed MHC in the absence of detectable levels of myogenin or MyoD. In vivo, the appearance of both myogenin and MyoD proteins was only detected at 10.5 d postcoitum (d.p.c.), when terminally differentiated muscle cells could already be identified in the myotome. Parasagittal sections of the caudal myotomes of 10.5-d-old embryos showed that expression of contractile proteins preceded the expression of myogenin or MyoD and, when coexpressed, MHC and myogenin did not co-localize within all the cells of the myotome. In the limb bud, however, many myogenin (or MyoD) positive/MHC negative cells could be observed in the proximal region at day 11. During further embryonic development the expression of these proteins remained constant in all the muscle anlagens examined, decreasing to a low level during the late fetal period. Western and Northern analysis confirmed that the myogenin protein could only be detected after 10.5 d.p.c. while the corresponding message was clearly present at 9.5 d.p.c., strongly suggesting a posttranscriptional regulation of myogenin during this stage of embryonic development. These data show that the first myogenic cells which appear in the mouse myotome, and can be cultured from it, accumulate muscle structural proteins in their cytoplasm without expressing detectable levels of myogenin protein (although the message is clearly accumulated). Neither MyoD message or protein are detectable in these cells, which may represent a distinct myogenic population whose role in development remains to be established.

scholarly journals Unexpected Occurrence of Cladosporium spp. on the Inner Surface of the Spathe of the Titan Arum, Amorphophallus titanum

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Ruprecht ◽  
Stephanie A. Socher ◽  
Stefan Dötterl
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
First Record ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
Plant Kingdom ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Restricted Region

Abstract The air-borne distributed genus Cladosporium Link is globally one of the most common fungal genera. By sequencing the barcode marker ITS, here, we document two taxa belonging to this genus – C. cf. dominicanum Zalar, de Hoog & Gunde-Cimerman and C. halotolerans Zalar, de Hoog & Gunde-Cimerman ( C. sphaerospermum Penz complex) – which were detected on the inner surface of the spathe of the titan arum, Amorphophallus titanum (Becc.) Becc. (Araceae). Titan arum holds the record for the largest unbranched inflorescence in the plant kingdom, with a height reaching up to 3 meters. The two identified Cladosporium species are part of a clearly defined fungal layer inside the proximal region of the spathe, surrounding the flower-containing region of the spadix. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of a macroscopically visible layer of Cladosporium on a living plant material. Furthermore, this study also discusses why this layer occurs only in a spatially restricted region of the spathe, and the possible consequences that the occurrence of these fungi might have on the development and reproduction of the plant.

scholarly journals Rape embryogenesis I. The proembryo development

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1–2) ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
Teresa Tykarska
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
The Body ◽  
Globular Embryo ◽  
Young Embryo ◽  
Suspensor Cell ◽  
Mother Cells

The development of the proembryo of rape <i>Brassica napus</i> L. from the zygote to the young embryo proper is described. A number of regularities were found in the direction, succession, and distribution of segmental and differentiating divisions of the proembryo. The direction of the divisions seems to foe determined by the direction of growth and the shape of the cells. The termyoung embryo proper is proposed to denote the globular embryo which already possesses separate plerome and periblem mother-cells and mother-cells of the iec layer and of clumella. The body of the embryo proper is derived from the apical cell ca which arose from the first division of the zygote and from the hypophysis - the only suspensor cell which closes the spheroid of the embryo. The development of the <i>Brassica napus</i> L. proembryo follows the sub-archetype <i>Capsella bursa-pastoris</i> in the IV megarchetype of Soueges.

scholarly journals Meiotic drive of t haplotypes: chromosome segregation in mice with tertiary trisomy

1991 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Agulnik ◽  
Sergei I. Agulnik ◽  
Anatoly O. Ruvinsky
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
House Mouse ◽  
Reciprocal Translocation ◽  
Robertsonian Translocation ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Male Parent ◽  
Chromosome 17 ◽  
Normal Homologue

SummaryThe properties of the t haplotypes, specific mutant states of the proximal region of chromosomes 17 in the house mouse, are of continuing interest. One such property is increased transmission of the t haplotype by heterozygous t/ + males to offspring. Using the reciprocal translocation T(16; 17)43H we have constructed males with tertiary trisomy of chromosome 17 (+ T43/+ +/Rb7 + ) carrying the Robertsonian translocation Rb(16.17)7Bnr. Only the progeny of these males which had inherited either T43/ + or Rb7 from their male parent were viable. The segregation patterns in the offspring of t-bearing trisomics were analysed on days 16–18 of embryonic development. It was found that, when the t12 haplotype is in the normal acrocentric (♂♂ + + T43/ + t12 + /Rb7 + +), its presence in the gamete + t12 + / + + T43 does not produce meiotic drive. However, when t6 is in Rb7, meiotic drive was observed: 80% of offspring carried the t haplotype. It is concluded that the meiotic drive is probably inhibited by the presence of a normal homologue of chromosome 17 in the same sperm. Possible mechanisms for the t haplotype effect are discussed.

Cytoplasmic Organization in the Receptor Cells of the Crista Ampullaris

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 60-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particles ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
Cuticular Plate ◽  
Morphological Organization ◽  
Crista Ampullaris ◽  
Cytoplasmic Organization ◽  
High Degree ◽  
General Appearance

Receptor cells of the cristae in the vestibular labyrinth of the bullfrog, Rana catesbiana, show a high degree of morphological organization. Four specialized regions may be distinguished: the apical region, the supranuclear region, the paranuclear region, and the basilar region.The apical region includes a single kinocilium, approximately 40 stereocilia, and many small microvilli all projecting from the apical cell surface into the lumen of the ampulla. A cuticular plate, located at the base of the stereocilia, contains filamentous attachments of the stereocilia, and has the general appearance of a homogeneous aggregation of fine particles (Fig. 1). An accumulation of mitochondria is located within the cytoplasm basal to the cuticular plate.

Fine structure of the rectal papillae of the oriental fruuit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel (Tephritidae, Diptera Insecta)

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 498-499
Author(s):  
Len Wen-Yung ◽  
Mei-Jung Lin
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Intercellular Space ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Apical Cell Membrane ◽  
Dacus Dorsalis ◽  
Radial Cell ◽  
Circular Base

Four cone-shaped rectal papillae locate at the anterior part of the rectum in Dacus dorsalis fly. The circular base of the papilla protrudes into the haemolymph (Fig. 1,2) and the rest cone-shaped tip (Fig. 2) inserts in the rectal lumen. The base is surrounded with the cuticle (Fig. 5). The internal structure of the rectal papilla (Fig. 3) comprises of the cortex with the columnar epithelial cells and a rod-shaped medulla. Between them, there is the infundibular space and many trabeculae connect each other. Several tracheae insert into the papilla through the top of the medulla, then run into the cortical epithelium and locate in the intercellular space. The intercellular sinuses distribute in the posterior part of the rectal papilla.The cortex of the base divides into about thirty segments. Between segments there is a radial cell (Fig. 4). Under the cuticle, the apical cell membrane of the cortical epithelium is folded into a regular border of leaflets (Fig. 5).

Live Confocal Analysis of Fertilization and Early Development

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1012-1013
Author(s):  
Uyen Tram ◽  
William Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
Primary Defect ◽  
Fluorescent Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Event ◽  
Enormous Amount ◽  
Fluorescent Studies

Embryonic development is a dynamic event and is best studied in live animals in real time. Much of our knowledge of the early events of embryogenesis, however, comes from immunofluourescent analysis of fixed embryos. While these studies provide an enormous amount of information about the organization of different structures during development, they can give only a static glimpse of a very dynamic event. More recently real-time fluorescent studies of living embryos have become much more routine and have given new insights to how different structures and organelles (chromosomes, centrosomes, cytoskeleton, etc.) are coordinately regulated. This is in large part due to the development of commercially available fluorescent probes, GFP technology, and newly developed sensitive fluorescent microscopes. For example, live confocal fluorescent analysis proved essential in determining the primary defect in mutations that disrupt early nuclear divisions in Drosophila melanogaster. For organisms in which GPF transgenics is not available, fluorescent probes that label DNA, microtubules, and actin are available for microinjection.

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