scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhiza of plants from the Mountain Botanical Garden in Zakopane

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szymon Zubek ◽  
Katarzyna Turnau ◽  
Janusz Błaszkowski
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Glomus Aggregatum ◽  
Tatra Mts ◽  
Am Symbiosis ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Rare Endemic ◽  
First Time

The mycorrhizal status of 77 plant species collected from the Mountain Botanical Garden of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Zakopane (southern Poland) was surveyed. These plants include rare, endemic and threatened species in the Tatra Mts. (the Western Carpathians) and are maintained in the botanical garden in order to develop effective methods of protection and cultivation. Plants belonging to <i>Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Juncaceae, Polygonaceae, Rubiaceae</i> and <i>Woodsiaceae</i> families were nonmycorrhizal. 41 species formed AM symbiosis. Spores of nine AMF spccies (<i>Glomeromycota</i>), including <i>Archaeospora trappei, Glomus aggregatum, G. claroideum, G. constrictum, G. deserticola, G. geosponrum, G. microcarpum, G. mosseae</i> and <i>G.rubiforme</i> were isolated for the first time from this region of Poland. In addition, the occurrence of the fine endophyte, <i>G. tenue</i> was detected in roots of 18 species from the study area, although formation of arbuscules by this fungus was observed rarely. AM fungi were sporadically accompanied by dark septate endophytes (DSE). 70% of nonmycorrhizal plant sepcies were devoid of DSE.

PROPAGATION, TROPHIC CONNECTION AND PHENOLOGY OF METCALFA PRUINOSA (SAY, 1830) (AUCHENORRHYNCHA: HEMIPTERA) IN N.N. GRYSHKO NATIONAL BOTANICAL GARDEN OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
N. V. Kushnir ◽  
L. M. Bondareva
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Far East ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
First Time

In May 2016, larvae of the invasive species Metcalfa pruinosa (Say, 1830) were recorded for the first time on the territory of the botanical-geographic area ‘The Far East’ in the N.N. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in Kyiv. During five years of observations, the insect managed to expand its range to other areas of the Botanical Garden and adjacent territories, where it reached a high population density. It is still the northernmost point of the insect’s detection on the territory of Ukraine. The range of M. pruinosa host plants was examined. The species lives on a large number of ornamental and synanthropic plants, fruit and vegetable crops which belong to 80 species from 55 families. The most susceptible to colonization by citrus cicada are: Rosaceae - 18 species, Aceraceae - 5 species, Oleacea e - 4 plant species. It has been found out that M. pruinosa has one generation per year. In the first decade of May, the appearance of cicada larvae is observed. The first adults are recorded in early or mid-July, depending on the meteorological conditions of the year. The complete disappearance of adults is observed at the end of August. The insect's development is limited by a minimum air temperature of 17-20 °С. In the future, it is necessary to monitor and analyze comprehensively those various factors that may affect the emergence, propagation, and survival of M. pruinosa on new territories.

scholarly journals Identification of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi Responsive microRNAs and Their Regulatory Network in Maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunjian Xu ◽  
Suwen Zhu ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Xuewen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Phosphate Starvation Response ◽  
Am Fungus ◽  
Am Symbiosis

Maize can form symbiotic relationships with arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungus to increase productivity and resistance, but the miRNAs in maize responsible for this process have not been discovered. In this study, 155 known and 28 novel miRNAs were identified by performing high-throughput sequencing of sRNA in maize roots colonized by AM fungi. Similar to the profiles in other AM-capable plants, a large proportion of identified maize miRNAs were 24 nt in length. Fourteen and two miRNAs were significantly down- and up-regulated in response to AM fungus Glomus intraradices inoculation, respectively, suggesting potential roles of these miRNAs in AM symbiosis. Interestingly, 12 of 14 significantly down-regulated known maize miRNAs belong to the miR399 family, which was previously reported to be involved in the interaction between Medicago truncatula and AM fungi. This result indicated that the miR399 family should regulate AM symbiosis conservatively across different plant lineages. Pathway and network analyses showed that the differentially expressed miRNAs might regulate lipid metabolism and phosphate starvation response in maize during the symbiosis process via their target genes. Several members of the miR399 family and the miR397 family should be involved in controlling the fatty acid metabolism and promoting lipid delivering from plants to AM fungi. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on miRNAs mediating fatty acids from plant to AM fungi. This study provides insight into the regulatory roles of miRNAs in the symbiosis between plants and AM fungi.

scholarly journals Taxonomic revision of the family Geraniaceae in the flora of Mongolia

Turczaninowia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Victoria I. Troshkina
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
State University ◽  
The Family ◽  
Biological Faculty ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
First Time ◽  
Moscow State University

The species composition of the Geraniaceae family in the flora of Mongolia is revised as a result of a critical study of collections of the Herbarium of V. L. Komarov Botanical Institute RAS (LE), the D. P. Syreischikov Herbarium of Biological Faculty of Moscow State University (MW), the N. V. Tzitzin of the Main Botanical Garden (MHA), of the M. G. Popov Herbarium of Central Siberian Botanical Garden (NSK), of the I. M. Krasnoborov Herbarium of Central Siberian Botanical Garden (NS), Herbarium of the Tomsk State University (TK), Herbarium of the South Siberian Botanical Garden (ALTB), Herbarium of the Institute of General and Experimental Biology of the Academy of Sciences of Mongolia (UBA), of the Martin-Luther University Herbarium (HAL), and own gatherings. The species Geranium pamiricum Ikonn. is identified for the first time in the flora of Mongolia. The areas of some species are clarified; maps of distribution over the territory of Mongolia are given.

Arbuscular mycorrhiza and nitrification: Competition for free ammonium ions?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Jansa ◽  
Michala Kotianová ◽  
Kateřina Gančarčíková ◽  
Martin Rozmoš ◽  
Hana Hršelová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizers ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Total N ◽  
Am Symbiosis ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

&lt;p&gt;Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is ancient and widespread inter-kingdom symbiotic relationship being established by a majority of terrestrial plant species and specialized fungi, which interconnect plant roots with surrounding soil. By doing so, this symbiosis can greatly increase acquisition of multiple mineral nutrients such as phosphorus, nitrogen (N), and copper by the plants from the soil, in exchange for reduced carbon supplied by the plant host. Supposedly, this is mainly due to extending the soil volume accessible for nutrient acquisition by the fungal hyphae compared to roots alone. Both the plants and the AM fungi require N for construction of their bodies. This can potentially result in different effects of AM symbiosis establishment on plant N nutrition ranging from positive to negative. Yet, the demand for and efficiency of mineral N uptake from the soil by a mycorrhizal plant is usually higher than that of a nonmycorrhizal plant. This may exert important feedbacks of AM symbiosis on soil processes in general and N cycling in particular. Here we asked what role does the symbiosis play in acquisition of N by a model plant, Andropogon gerardii, from an organic source (i.e., plant litter labeled with 15N) supplied in a soil zone beyond the direct reach of roots. Further, we tested whether this process of N acquisition by plant from the soil via mycorrhizal hyphae could be affected by supplying various synthetic nitrification inhibitors (DCD, nitrapyrin, or DMPP) along with the litter. We observed efficient acquisition of N to mycorrhizal plants via mycorrhizal pathway irrespective of the nitrification inhibitor supplied or not along with the plant litter. These results were strongly contrasting with 15N uptake (but not total N content of the plants or the plant biomass) of the nonmycorrhizal plants, which generally received much less 15N than the mycorrhizal plants, and this was further suppressed by nitrapyrin or DMPP supplementation of the organic N source as compared to DCD or the control (i.e., no inhibitor) treatment. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses of the microbial communities indicated that microbes involved in the rate-limiting step of nitrification, i.e., the ammonia oxidizers, were suppressed similarly by AM fungi as they were by nitrapyrin or DMPP amendments. These results suggest that mycorrhizal fungi successfully outcompeted the prokaryotic ammonia oxidizers, and this was most likely by accessing and efficiently utilizing/removing free ammonia ion pool in/from the soil via their extensive hyphal networks.&lt;/p&gt;

The Belisana spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae) from Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Yunnan, China

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4425 (2) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
ZHIYUAN YAO ◽  
KELI ZHU ◽  
ZHIHENG DU ◽  
SHUQIANG LI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
First Time ◽  
Beijing China

Five new species of the spider genus Belisana Thorell, 1898 are described based on material collected in the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (Yunnan, China). They are: B. dian Yao & Li sp. nov. (male), B. gupian Yao & Li sp. nov. (male, female), B. chenjini Yao & Li sp. nov. (male, female), B. xtbg Yao & Li sp. nov. (male, female), and B. yangxiaodongi Yao & Li sp. nov. (male, female). B. schwendingeri Huber, 2005 and B. zhengi Yao, Pham & Li, 2015 are reported from China for the first time. All material studied is deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS) in Beijing, China. 

scholarly journals LABORATORY GERMINATION OF CERASTIUM IGOSCHINIAE POBED. (CARYOPHYLLACEAE) SEEDS - A RARE ENDEMIC OF THE NORTHERN URALS

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-559
Author(s):  
A.G. Bystrushkin ◽  
E.V. Pismarkina
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Northern Urals ◽  
Spatial Uniformity ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Rare Endemic

Cerastium igoschiniae Pobed. is a rare endemic of the Northern Urals, growing under specific conditions of high-mountainous stony tundra only on outcrops of ultrabasic rocks. A few populations of this species are threatened with extinction as a result of the destruction of their habitats during the development of ultrabasic rocks by mining companies in the Northern Urals. Previously, attempts to introduce this species were undertaken in the Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, but were unsuccessful. In this regard, the aim of the research is to study the patterns of germination of C. igoschiniae seeds in controlled laboratory conditions. The dynamics of germination is convergent in nature and manifests itself uniformly in the studied population sample. The conditions for the germination of seeds of this species at a constant sufficiently high temperature of 25°C in the dark are close to optimal. Under such conditions, it is possible to predict a steady resumption of the population from the available seed pool based on the spatial uniformity of emergence of seedlings.

Ex Situ Conservation of Rare Medicinal Plants in the Botanical Garden (Institute) of Academy of Sciences of Moldova

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Nina Ciocârlan
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Field Collection ◽  
Ecological Flexibility ◽  
Cultivation Techniques ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Abstract This work refers to the native species of genus Astragalus L. (A. dasyanthus, A. ponticus), Adonis L. (A. vernalis, A. wolgensis) and Digitalis L. (D. lanata, D. grandiflora). The plants are cultivated in the Botanical Garden of Moldova in the field collection of the medicinal and aromatic plants. Investigation includes propagation aspects, research into cultivation techniques and conservation measures. The biological particularities and the phenologic rhythm are also registered. The obtained data shows the ecological flexibility of species and the possibility of preserving them in culture.

ABEL PRIZE AS THE FLAGSHIP OF WORLD MATH ADVANCES

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-71
Author(s):  
Nataliya V. Grishina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Famous Scientist ◽  
International Authority ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
First Time

The annual prize, awarded by the Norwegian Academy of Sciences, bears the name of the famous scientist Niels-Henrik Abel and has a reputation as a Nobel Prize for mathematicians, with its size in terms of money of about $1 million. Since Alfred Nobel, in his will, determined the range of scientific areas for the payment of bonuses that did not include mathematics, the Norwegian mathematician Sofus Lee at the end of his life devoted all his efforts and his international authority to create a foundation for awarding prizes to mathematicians. He wanted to give the award the name of Niels Henrik Abel, also a Norwegian mathematician. The article presents a historical background for the formation of the Abel Prize. The winners of the main mathematical prize for all the years of its existence and their major achievements are shown. Among laureates of the Abel Prize there are outstanding scientists from 11 countries: France, Great Britain, Lebanon, USA, Hungary, Sweden, India, Belgium, Russia, Canada and Israel. Three times the prize was at once awarded to two scientists. And in 2019, for the first time ever the woman – Karen Keskalla Uhlenbeck – professor, American mathematician, became the winner of the prestigious mathematics award.

Root with Alternation of -ravn-/-rovn- (From Materials of the Academic Description of Russian Spelling)

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
E. V. Arutiunova ◽  
E. V. Beshenkova ◽  
O. E. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Study Guides ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Given ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Language

The study investigates the rule of spelling the root -ravn-/-rovn- and is considered to be a fragment of the academic description of Russian spelling, which is currently being under investigation at the Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The authors clarify the meanings that determine the spelling of the unstressed root, supplement the lists of exceptions, denote words with meanings not corresponding to the given values-criteria, and, for the first time in linguistics, investigate the words that can be correlated with different values-criteria, that is, they have double motivation. The rule codifies the spelling of words that have double motivation and fluctuate in usus, dictionaries, study guides and reference books. Spelling recommendations for these words correspond to the current linguistic norm and were approved by the Spelling Commission of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2019. The linguistic commentary to the rule contains the most significant etymological facts concerning the root -ravn-/-rovn- and summarises the scientific and methodological attempts to figure out the distribution of vocabulary with root -ravn-/-rovn- based on the meanings selected in the spelling rules. In the paper it is shown that the instability in spelling of various verbs with the root -ravn-/-rovn- in modern writing and dictionaries is determined by the double motivation of words, as well as contradictory recommendations and gaps in the rules.

scholarly journals Target of rapamycin, PvTOR, is a key regulator of arbuscule development during mycorrhizal symbiosis in Phaseolus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj-Kumar Arthikala ◽  
Kalpana Nanjareddy ◽  
Lourdes Blanco ◽  
Xóchitl Alvarado-Affantranger ◽  
Miguel Lara
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Fungal Symbiosis ◽  
Am Fungus ◽  
Am Symbiosis

AbstractTarget of rapamycin (TOR) is a conserved central growth regulator in eukaryotes that has a key role in maintaining cellular nutrient and energy status. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are mutualistic symbionts that assist the plant in increasing nutrient absorption from the rhizosphere. However, the role of legume TOR in AM fungal symbiosis development has not been investigated. In this study, we examined the function of legume TOR in the development and formation of AM fungal symbiosis. RNA-interference-mediated knockdown of TOR transcripts in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) hairy roots notably suppressed AM fungus-induced lateral root formation by altering the expression of root meristem regulatory genes, i.e., UPB1, RGFs, and sulfur assimilation and S-phase genes. Mycorrhized PvTOR-knockdown roots had significantly more extraradical hyphae and hyphopodia than the control (empty vector) roots. Strong promoter activity of PvTOR was observed at the site of hyphal penetration and colonization. Colonization along the root length was affected in mycorrhized PvTOR-knockdown roots and the arbuscules were stunted. Furthermore, the expression of genes induced by AM symbiosis such as SWEET1, VPY, VAMP713, and STR was repressed under mycorrhized conditions in PvTOR-knockdown roots. Based on these observations, we conclude that PvTOR is a key player in regulating arbuscule development during AM symbiosis in P. vulgaris. These results provide insight into legume TOR as a potential regulatory factor influencing the symbiotic associations of P. vulgaris and other legumes.

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