scholarly journals Effect of soil fungi communities on the growth of damping-off pathogens in relation to incubation temperature and medium pH

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kacprzak ◽  
Małgorzata Mańka
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Trichoderma Atroviride ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi

Four communities of saprotrophic fungi from a forest nursery soil were tested for their effect on the <i>in vitro</i> growth of damping-off pathogens: <i>Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. oxysporum</i> and <i>F. solani</i> in relation to incubation temperature (5, 10, 15, 20 or 25°C) and medium pH (4.3; 5.6 or 7.5). The soil fungi communities weakly suppressed the growth of pathogens studied only at the lower temperatures (5 or 10°C). At the higher temperatures the communities tested supported the growth of all pathogens. The supporting effct was increasing with the increase of temperature, independently of pH. The effect was highly dependent on incubation temperature and not dependent on medium pH (P<0.05, analysis of variance). Duncan's multiple range tests indicate no significant differences (in the majority of combinations) in the effect of soil fungi communities on the <i>in vitro</i> growth of tested pathogens between temperatures 15, 20 and 25°C, independently of medium pH. The growth of the pathogens studied was suppressed mainly by: <i>Gliocladium catenulatum, Trichoderma atroviride, T. koningii, T. viride, Truncalella truncata<i> and <i>Zygorrhynchus moelleri</i>

scholarly journals Biotic relations between Rhizoctonia solani (damping-off pathogen) and soil fungal communities from forest nursery

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 235-238
Author(s):  
S. Stepniewska ◽  
M. Mańka
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Supporting Effect ◽  
Severe Isolate

In forest nursery Wronczyn (central-west Poland) the occurrence of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings damping-off<br />caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is connected with a strong supporting effect of soil fungi community on R. solani.<br />Both the soil fungi community isolated in June and in October 1999 supported the pathogen growth to considerable extent.<br />In both months the support was bigger in the case of more severe isolate of the pathogen.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-2 from Sugar Beet to Fungicides

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 2427-2433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Arabiat ◽  
Mohamed F. R. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
The United States ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Growth Assay ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
Mean Concentration

Rhizoctonia damping-off and crown and root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani are major diseases of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) worldwide, and growers in the United States rely on fungicides for disease management. Sensitivity of R. solani to fungicides was evaluated in vitro using a mycelial radial growth assay and by evaluating disease severity on R. solani AG 2-2 inoculated plants treated with fungicides in the greenhouse. The mean concentration that caused 50% mycelial growth inhibition (EC50) values for baseline isolates (collected before the fungicides were registered for sugar beet) were 49.7, 97.1, 0.3, 0.2, and 0.9 μg ml−1 and for nonbaseline isolates (collected after registration and use of fungicides) were 296.1, 341.7, 0.9, 0.2, and 0.6 μg ml−1 for azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, penthiopyrad, and prothioconazole, respectively. The mean EC50 values of azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, and pyraclostrobin significantly increased in the nonbaseline isolates compared with baseline isolates, with a resistant factor of 6.0, 3.5, and 3.0, respectively. Frequency of isolates with EC50 values >10 μg ml−1 for azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin increased from 25% in baseline isolates to 80% in nonbaseline isolates. Although sensitivity of nonbaseline isolates of R. solani to quinone outside inhibitors decreased, these fungicides at labeled rates were still effective at controlling the pathogen under greenhouse conditions.

scholarly journals Rhizoctonia solani damping-off on spring turnip rape and spring rape (Brassica spp.) in Finland

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto Tahvonen ◽  
Jukka Hollo ◽  
Asko Hannukkala
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Turnip Rape ◽  
Brassica Spp ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Spring Rape

Damping-off occurred in 90 % of the spring oilseed rape fields surveyed in 1981—1982. On the average, 10 % of the plants were infected with damping-off.6 % of the fields were severely infected (> 30 % of the plants affected) by damping-off and 38 % were uninfected or only slightly infected ( ≤ 5% of the plants affected). The incidence of damping-off was higher in those fields which had been under oilseed rape in earlier years. Ina crop rotation experiment, the amount of damping-off increased from 2 % to 20 %, and finally to 38 %, depending upon whether turnip rape had been grown on the same part of the field once, twice or three times. Crops other than Cruciferous ones were grown for 1 or 3 years between the turnip rape crops. Rhizoctonia solani Kühn was isolated from 76 % of the affected plants. The R. solani isolates produced severe damping-off on rape and turnip rape in pathogenicity tests. R. solani isolates from barley, potato and lettuce brought about only mild cases of damping-off, or else only a decrease in the growth of the plants. Fusarium avenaceum Sacc. was the only other isolated fungus which was pathogenic.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of different parsley cultivars to infestation by pathogenic fungi

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Nawrocki
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Stemphylium Botryosum ◽  
Cylindrocarpon Destructans ◽  
Second Year

The experiments were carried out in the years 2002 and 2003 on parsley seeds of 6 cultivars: Alba, Berlińska, Cukrowa, Kinga, Lenka, and Vistula. Mycological analysis of parsley seeds showed that the most common inhabitans were fungi from genus <i>Alternaria</i> (mainly <i>A. alternata</i> and <i>A. radicina</i>) and <i>Fusarium</i>, especially <i>F. avenaceum</i> and <i>F. oxysporum</i>. During the glasshouse investigations fungi <i>Alternaria radicina</i>, <i>A. alternata</i> and <i>Fusarium avenaceum</i> were the main reason for parsley damping-off. The highest number of infected seedlings was observed for Berlińska and Kinga, because in both years of experiments these cultivars had the lowest number of healthy seedlings. The highest number of healthy seedlings had cultivars Alba and Lenka, especially in the second year of experiments. In the field experiments not only fungi from genus <i>Alternaria</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> were the most often isolated from diseased parsley seedlings. <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> was more often isolated from diseased field seedlings than from glasshouse parsley seedlings. Other fungies isolated often from parsley seedlings cultivated in the field were: <i>Pythium</i> spp., <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>, <i>Cylindrocarpon destructans</i> and <i>Stemphylium botryosum</i>.

scholarly journals Rapid Screening of Rhizobacteria for Suppression of Rhizoctonia Damping-off

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 468B-468
Author(s):  
J.O Becker ◽  
U.K. Schuch
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Screening System ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Second Tier

A rapid screening system was developed to identify plant-beneficial rhizobacteria useful in protecting nursery seedlings against damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Ornamental and agricultural crops were planted into 100 soil samples that were collected from various fields throughout California. More than 7000 bacterial strains from the rhizosphere of these crops were isolated and tested in vitro for antibiosis against R. solani AG4. In a second tier, 600 active strains were tested in planting trays seeded with radish (Raphanus sativus `Cherry Belle'). Each planting cell filled with commercial potting mix contained millet-grown R. solani inoculum in the center and eight radish seeds at the periphery. Bacteria were cultured for 24 hr at 25°C in 10% tryptic soy broth and were applied as a drench at 1 × 107 cfu/cc to each cell. Trays were incubated in a growth chamber at 21°C and a 10-hr photoperiod. Post-emergence damping-off occurred within 8 to 9 days after planting, and no further losses were observed after 14 days. Approximately 0.5% of the original 7000 bacterial strains tested reduced damping-off significantly. Fifteen bacterial strains controlled Rhizoctonia damping-off by 30% to 60% compared to the non-treated control.

The influence of temperature on the exudation of nutrients from cotton seeds and on preemergence damping-off by Rhizoctonia solani

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1663-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Hayman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seed Exudate ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Cotton Seeds ◽  
Total Amino Acids

Evidence is presented suggesting that increased seed exudation is a major factor contributing to increased preemergence damping-off of cotton seedlings by Rhizoctonia solani at low temperatures.About seven and three times as much total amino acids and sugars were exuded at 18 and 24 °C, respectively, as at 30 °C, by germinating cotton seeds of equivalent physiological age. Sixteen amino acids and five sugars were exuded. Seed exudation is not related to rate of germination or to respiration.Accumulation of seed exudate at low temperatures was related to increased pathogenesis in vitro and in soil. This appeared to be because R. solani competitively used this exudate to increase its inoculum potential near the germinating seed, thereby becoming more virulent on the susceptible juvenile tissues of the seedling.

scholarly journals Maple Bark Biochar Affects Rhizoctonia solani Metabolism and Increases Damping-Off Severity

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. 1334-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya R. Copley ◽  
Konstantinos A. Aliferis ◽  
Suha Jabaji
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Biochar Amendment

Many studies have investigated the effect of biochar on plant yield, nutrient uptake, and soil microbial populations; however, little work has been done on its effect on soilborne plant diseases. To determine the effect of maple bark biochar on Rhizoctonia damping-off, 11 plant species were grown in a soilless potting substrate amended with different concentrations of biochar and inoculated or not with Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 4. Additionally, the effect of biochar amendment on R. solani growth and metabolism in vitro was evaluated. Increasing concentrations of maple bark biochar increased Rhizoctonia damping-off of all 11 plant species. Using multivariate analyses, we observed positive correlations between biochar amendments, disease severity and incidence, abundance of culturable bacterial communities, and physicochemical parameters. Additionally, biochar amendment significantly increased R. solani growth and hyphal extension in vitro, and altered its primary metabolism, notably the mannitol and tricarboxylic acid cycles and the glycolysis pathway. One or several organic compounds present in the biochar, as identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, may be metabolized by R. solani. Taken together, these results indicate that future studies on biochar should focus on the effect of its use as an amendment on soilborne plant pathogens before applying it to soils.

scholarly journals Impact of Cellulose-Rich Organic Soil Amendments on Growth Dynamics and Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1285
Author(s):  
Anna Clocchiatti ◽  
Silja Emilia Hannula ◽  
Muhammad Syamsu Rizaludin ◽  
Maria P. J. Hundscheid ◽  
Paulien J. A. klein klein Gunnewiek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Paper Pulp ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi

Cellulose-rich amendments stimulate saprotrophic fungi in arable soils. This may increase competitive and antagonistic interactions with root-infecting pathogenic fungi, resulting in lower disease incidence. However, cellulose-rich amendments may also stimulate pathogenic fungi with saprotrophic abilities, thereby increasing plant disease severity. The current study explores these scenarios, with a focus on the pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Saprotrophic growth of R. solani on cellulose-rich materials was tested in vitro. This confirmed paper pulp as a highly suitable substrate for R. solani, whereas its performance on wood sawdusts varied with tree species. In two pot experiments, the effects of amendment of R. solani-infected soil with cellulose-rich materials on performance of beetroot seedlings were tested. All deciduous sawdusts and paper pulp stimulated soil fungal biomass, but only oak, elder and beech sawdusts reduced damping-off of beetroot. Oak sawdust amendment gave a consistent stimulation of saprotrophic Sordariomycetes fungi and of seedling performance, independently of the time between amendment and sowing. In contrast, paper pulp caused a short-term increase in R. solani abundance, coinciding with increased disease severity for beet seedlings sown immediately after amendment. However, damping-off of beetroot was reduced if plants were sown two or four weeks after paper pulp amendment. Cellulolytic bacteria, including Cytophagaceae, responded to paper pulp during the first two weeks and may have counteracted further spread of R. solani. The results showed that fungus-stimulating, cellulose-rich amendments have potential to be used for suppression of R. solani. However, such amendments require a careful consideration of material choice and application strategy.

scholarly journals INIBIÇÃO MICELIAL in vitro DE Rhizoctonia solani CAUSADOR Damping-off EM ALFACE COM USO DE Trichoderma asperellum

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
WALDINEY Xavier Ferreira ◽  
ALINE Figueiredo Cardoso ◽  
CASSIA Cristina Chaves Pinheiro ◽  
TELMA Fatima Vieira Batista ◽  
GISELE Barata da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Damping Off
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