scholarly journals Effect of lead and zinc on the growth of some mycorrhizal fungi in vitro

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pachlewski ◽  
E. Chruściak
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Growth Reaction

Growth reaction of five mycorrhizal fungi and pathogenic one in the presence of different Pb and Zn concentration was tested. It was confirmed that mycorrhizal strains were more sensitive to lead than zinc. On the contrary the pathogenic fungus was more sesitive to zinc.

Ethylene production by ectomycorrhizal fungi, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pini, and by aseptically synthesized ectomycorrhizae and Fusarium-infected Douglas-fir roots

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1340-1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Graham ◽  
R. G. Linderman
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Cenococcum Geophilum ◽  
Host Interactions

The ectomycorrhizal fungi Cenococcum geophilum, Hebeloma crustuliniforme, and Laccaria laccata produced ethylene in vitro in modified Melin–Norkrans liquid medium only if amended with 2.5–10 mM methionine; Pisolilhus tinctorius failed to produce ethylene unless the cultures were renewed with fresh methionine-amended medium before ethylene assay. An additional 19 ectomycorrhizal fungi, plus five isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pini, all produced ethylene in renewed and (or) nonrenewed media. Although the rates varied, ethylene production by many ectomycorrhizal fungi equaled that of Fusarium.Culture filtrates of H, crustuliniforme and L. laccata also evolved ethylene that was apparently of nonenzymatic origin.Ethylene was produced by aseptically grown Douglas-fir seedlings inoculated with C. geophilum, H. crustuliniforme, and L. laccata and appearance of ethylene coincided with the formation of mycorrhizae; production by P. tinctorius inoculated seedlings was inconsistent. Lateral root formation of Douglas-fir was stimulated by inoculation with C. geophilum, H. crustuliniforme, and L. laccata but was inhibited by P. tinctorius. Fusarium-inoculated seedlings produced more ethylene sooner than seedlings inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi. The disparity in the levels of ethylene associated with ectomycorrhiza formation compared with Fusarium infection suggests a possible differential role for ethylene in symbiotic and pathogenic fungus–host interactions.

scholarly journals Three sympatrically occurring species of Metarhizium show plant rhizosphere specificity

Microbiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 157 (10) ◽  
pp. 2904-2911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wyrebek ◽  
Cristina Huber ◽  
Ramanpreet Kaur Sasan ◽  
Michael J. Bidochka
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Root Exudate ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Metarhizium Robertsii ◽  
Grass Roots

Here we tested the hypothesis that species of the soil-inhabiting insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium are not randomly distributed in soils but show plant-rhizosphere-specific associations. We isolated Metarhizium from plant roots at two sites in Ontario, Canada, sequenced the 5′ EF-1α gene to discern Metarhizium species, and developed an RFLP test for rapid species identification. Results indicated a non-random association of three Metarhizium species (Metarhizium robertsii, Metarhizium brunneum and Metarhizium guizhouense) with the rhizosphere of certain types of plant species (identified to species and categorized as grasses, wildflowers, shrubs and trees). M. robertsii was the only species that was found associated with grass roots, suggesting a possible exclusion of M. brunneum and M. guizhouense. Supporting this, in vitro experiments showed that M. robertsii conidia germinated significantly better in Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) root exudate than did M. brunneum or M. guizhouense. M. guizhouense and M. brunneum only associated with wildflower rhizosphere when co-occurring with M. robertsii. With the exception of these co-occurrences, M. guizhouense was found to associate exclusively with the rhizosphere of tree species, predominantly Acer saccharum (sugar maple), while M. brunneum was found to associate exclusively with the rhizosphere of shrubs and trees. These associations demonstrate that different species of Metarhizium associate with specific plant types.

scholarly journals Artificial Cultivation System for Gastrodia spp. and Identification of Associated Mycorrhizal Fungi

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chie Shimaoka ◽  
Hirokazu Fukunaga ◽  
Seishu Inagaki ◽  
Shinichiro Sawa
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Horticultural Plants ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Single Tuber ◽  
Artificial Cultivation

The Orchidaceae are the largest and most diverse family of flowering plants on earth, and include some of the most important horticultural plants. While mycoheterotrophic orchids belonging to the genus Gastrodia are known to be provided with carbon through mycorrhizal fungi, the relationship between the plants and fungi is poorly understood. Furthermore, it is challenging to cultivate Gastrodia spp. in vitro. In this study, we present an efficient method for germinating Gastrodia pubilabiata (Gp), Gastrodia nipponica (Gn), and Gastrodia confusa (Gc) plants in vitro, which results in the production of a protocorm and tuber, as under natural conditions. The Gp and Gc plants produced flowers 126 and 124 days after germination, respectively, and set seed under our artificial conditions. In addition, Gp plants flowered up to three times a year from a single tuber. Using our artificial cultivation system, we identified some of the mycorrhizal fungi associated with these plants. Gastrodia spp. appear to obtain carbon from many kinds of mycorrhizal fungi. Our artificial cultivation method is a rapid and efficient means of growing Gastrodia spp. In addition to having applications in research and commercial nurseries, this method could be used to conserve Gastrodia spp. in ex situ, many of which are endangered.

scholarly journals Effect of Phosphate Fertilizer and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on The Nutrient, Phosphateuptake and in Vitro Digestibility of Alfalfa

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Suwignyo ◽  
Bela Putra ◽  
Nafiatul Umami ◽  
Cahyo Wulandari ◽  
Ristianto Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Total P

This study aimed to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphate (P) fertilizer on the nutrient content, phosphate uptake and in vitro digestibility of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.).The research was conducted at green house of Forage and Pastures Science Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Science Universitas Gadjah Mada. The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design using 3x4 factorial patterns with four replications. The first factor was dosage of phosphate fertilizer SP 36 (0, 60, and 120 kg/ha). Second factor was the dosage of AMF (0, 0.8, 1.6, and 2.4kg/ha). The variable measured was nutrient contents (crude protein, dry matter, and organic matter), total P uptake and dry matter and organic matter in vitro digestibility. The results showed that the interaction of AMF and P fertilizer had no significant effect on crude protein and total P uptake, but highly significant effect on the parameters of dry matter, organic matter and dry matter and organic matter in vitro digestibility. 

scholarly journals Structure and inhibition of Cryptococcus neoformans sterylglucosidase to develop antifungal agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nivea Pereira de Sa ◽  
Adam Taouil ◽  
Jinwoo Kim ◽  
Timothy Clement ◽  
Reece M. Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Growth Defect ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Heavy Burden

AbstractPathogenic fungi exhibit a heavy burden on medical care and new therapies are needed. Here, we develop the fungal specific enzyme sterylglucosidase 1 (Sgl1) as a therapeutic target. Sgl1 converts the immunomodulatory glycolipid ergosterol 3β-D-glucoside to ergosterol and glucose. Previously, we found that genetic deletion of Sgl1 in the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) results in ergosterol 3β-D-glucoside accumulation, renders Cn non-pathogenic, and immunizes mice against secondary infections by wild-type Cn, even in condition of CD4+ T cell deficiency. Here, we disclose two distinct chemical classes that inhibit Sgl1 function in vitro and in Cn cells. Pharmacological inhibition of Sgl1 phenocopies a growth defect of the Cn Δsgl1 mutant and prevents dissemination of wild-type Cn to the brain in a mouse model of infection. Crystal structures of Sgl1 alone and with inhibitors explain Sgl1’s substrate specificity and enable the rational design of antifungal agents targeting Sgl1.

scholarly journals UJI DAYAHAMBAT EUGENOL DARI DAUN CENGKEH HASIL FRAKSINASI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN JAMUR PATOGEN Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Cubense Eugenol Inhibitory Test From Clove Leaf Fractionation Of Fungal Patogen Growth Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense

AgriPeat ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Admin Journal
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Vacuum Distillation ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Vitro Test

ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the inhibition of eugenol derived from fractionation clove leaf essentialoils (CLEO) on the growth of pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) and LC50(Lethal Concentration 50). This research was in vitro, started with purification of clove leaf essentialoil, fractionation by vacuum distillation and bioassay. In vitro tests include exploration of minimuminhibition and preventability tests. Data were analyzed with Microsoft Excel 2010 program. Theresults of minimum inhibition showed at 218,75 ppm concentration of each level was able to inhibitthe growth of Foc fungi. The minimum inhibition exploration was carried out at 218,75 ppm, 109,38ppm, 54,69 ppm and 27,34 ppm. Exploration results showed that fractionated CLEO has been able toinhibit the growth of Foc fungi at 27,34 ppm in the amount of 15,60%. This concentration is used asthe lowest concentration in the inhibitory test. Furthermore, the inhibitory test was carried out startingat the highest concentration of 218,75 ppm, 109,38 ppm, 54,69 ppm and 27,34 ppm. Observationswere made for 7 days after inoculation (DAI). The results showed the best inhibition was at aconcentration of 218,75 ppm at 90,70% and LC50 at 11.17 µL.Keywords: CLEO, fractionation, Foc, in vitro test and LC50

scholarly journals Is AMF inoculation an alternative to maximize the in vitro antibacterial activity of Libidibia ferrea extracts?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e10010111435
Author(s):  
Emanuela Lima dos Santos ◽  
Brena Coutinho Muniz ◽  
Beathriz Godoy Vilela Barbosa ◽  
Marcia Maria Camargo Morais ◽  
Francineyde Alves da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
First Record ◽  
Antibacterial Action ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to provide plant species with several benefits, such as an increased production of bioactive compounds. However, it is yet to be defined whether extracts of mycorrhizal plants are more efficient in vitro antibacterial actions when compared to non-mycorrhizal plants. We tested the hypothesis of whether or not, methanolic extracts of Libidibia ferrea fruits, from plants established in the field and inoculated with AMF, have higher antibacterial action when inoculated with Acaulospora longula, Claroideoglomus etunicatum or Gigaspora albida. In addition, native L. ferrea fruits collected from the Caatinga area were also tested. The extracts of L. ferrea fruits inoculated with A. longula had higher in vitro antibacterial action in relation to the extracts of fruits from non-inoculated plants (p <0.05) thus characterizing the first record of different antibacterial actions of plant extracts due to inoculation with AMF. The extracts of L. ferrea fruits inoculated with A. longula were more efficient in inhibiting growth of Gram-negative bacteria. The zone diameters of inhibition ranged from 2.48 % to 7.56 % larger than the zones of the non-inoculated L. ferrea fruit extracts. The inoculation of L. ferrea with AMF may represent an alternative way of producing fruits with different antibacterial activity.

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