scholarly journals Occurrence of soil fungi in a potato plantation

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Weber
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Common Species

The forecrops applied in potato cultivation affected the occurrence of <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> Kühn and other soil fungi. The most common species found appeared to be: <i>Penicillium nigricans</i> Thom, <i>P. jenseni</i> Zaleski, <i>P. vinaceum</i> Gilman et Abbott. and <i>P. raciborskii</i> Zaleski.

Effect of Dinitroanilines on Solanaceous Vegetables and Soil Fungi

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Eshel ◽  
J. Katan
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Black Beauty ◽  
Sensitive Fungus

The phytotoxicities of four substituted dinitroanilines,N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine (benefin), 2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylcumidine (isopropalin), 4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline (nitralin), and α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin), to eggplant(Solarium melongenaL. ‘Black Beauty’), pepper(Capsicum annuumL. ‘Vindale’), and tomato(Lycopersicon esculentumMill. ‘VF 145-B-7879′) were studied. Nitralin and trifluralin were most active in inhibiting root elongation and top growth of these plants, the effect of benefin was intermediate, and isopropalin was the least active herbicide. The order of crop tolerance was as follows: tomato > pepper > eggplant. The effect of these herbicides on two pathogenic fungi,Rhizoctonia solaniKuehn andFusarium oxysporumf. sp.lycopersici(Sacc.) Snyd. and Hans. was tested in culture and was found to be quantitatively and qualitatively different from that on plants. With both fungi benefin and trifluralin were more toxic than isopropalin, while nitralin showed a very low toxicity.R. solaniwas the less sensitive fungus.

Hyphal interactions between a mycoparasite, Pythium nunn, and several soil fungi

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1482-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lifshitz ◽  
M. Dupler ◽  
Y. Elad ◽  
R. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Limited Host Range ◽  
Pythium Nunn ◽  
Scanning Electron

The modes of hyphal interaction between a mycoparasite, Pythium nunn, and several soil fungi were studied by both phase-contrast and scanning-electron microscopy. In the zone of interaction, Pyth. nunn massively coiled around and subsequently lysed hyphae of Pyth. ultimum and Pyth. vexans. In contrast, Pyth. nunn penetrated and eventually parasitized hyphae of Rhizoctonia solani, Pyth. aphanidermatum, Phytophthora parasitica, and Phyto. cinnamomi by forming appressoriumlike structures. However, Pyth. nunn was not mycoparasitic against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum or Trichoderma koningnii and was destroyed by T. harzianum and T. viride. These observations demonstrated that Pyth. nunn was a necrotrophic mycoparasite, with a limited host range and differential modes of action among suscepts.

scholarly journals Biotic relations between Rhizoctonia solani (damping-off pathogen) and soil fungal communities from forest nursery

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 235-238
Author(s):  
S. Stepniewska ◽  
M. Mańka
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Supporting Effect ◽  
Severe Isolate

In forest nursery Wronczyn (central-west Poland) the occurrence of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings damping-off<br />caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is connected with a strong supporting effect of soil fungi community on R. solani.<br />Both the soil fungi community isolated in June and in October 1999 supported the pathogen growth to considerable extent.<br />In both months the support was bigger in the case of more severe isolate of the pathogen.

scholarly journals Effect of soil fungi communities on the growth of damping-off pathogens in relation to incubation temperature and medium pH

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kacprzak ◽  
Małgorzata Mańka
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Trichoderma Atroviride ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi

Four communities of saprotrophic fungi from a forest nursery soil were tested for their effect on the <i>in vitro</i> growth of damping-off pathogens: <i>Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. oxysporum</i> and <i>F. solani</i> in relation to incubation temperature (5, 10, 15, 20 or 25°C) and medium pH (4.3; 5.6 or 7.5). The soil fungi communities weakly suppressed the growth of pathogens studied only at the lower temperatures (5 or 10°C). At the higher temperatures the communities tested supported the growth of all pathogens. The supporting effct was increasing with the increase of temperature, independently of pH. The effect was highly dependent on incubation temperature and not dependent on medium pH (P<0.05, analysis of variance). Duncan's multiple range tests indicate no significant differences (in the majority of combinations) in the effect of soil fungi communities on the <i>in vitro</i> growth of tested pathogens between temperatures 15, 20 and 25°C, independently of medium pH. The growth of the pathogens studied was suppressed mainly by: <i>Gliocladium catenulatum, Trichoderma atroviride, T. koningii, T. viride, Truncalella truncata<i> and <i>Zygorrhynchus moelleri</i>

EFFETS DU SUBSTRAT SUR LA PATHOGENECITE DE QUELQUES CHAMPIGNONS DU SOL A L’EGARD DE LA LUZERNE

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 737-742
Author(s):  
Claude Aubé
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Artificial Substrates ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Growth Substrate ◽  
White Sand ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Under the conditions of the present work with four soil fungi and four substrates, the reaction of alfalfa to Trichoderma viride Pers. ex Fries, Pythium debaryanum Hesse, Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. var. rodelens (Wr.) Gordon, and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn in greenhouse tests was affected by the nature of the growth substrate. The above-mentioned fungi were more pathogenic in artificial substrates, such as the vermiculite-perlite and vermiculite-white sand mixtures, than in natural soil. The increase of pathogenicity in artificial substrates varied with the fungus. In natural soil, the temperature was consistently higher than in artificial media which might account for the difference in pathogenicity of the fungi in the different substrates.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF CERTAIN SOIL FUNGI ON ALFALFA

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUDE AUBE ◽  
CAMILIEN GAGNON
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Gliocladium Roseum ◽  
Pyrenochaeta Terrestris

Under the conditions of the present work with fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of diseased alfalfa roots, Gliocladium roseum (Link) Bainier and Trichoderma viride Pers. ex Fries were pathogenic to alfalfa seedlings. They stimulated the pathogenicity of Pyrenochaeta terrestris (Hans.) Gorenz, J. C. Walker and Larson and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn as measured by the dry weight of roots. Both T. viride and G. roseum significantly lowered the nitrogen content in shoots when inoculated alone, but the reverse was observed in the roots.

scholarly journals Interaction of Pratylenchus zeae with Four Soil Fungi on Sorghum

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Domingo Bee-Rodríguez ◽  
Alejandro Ayala
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Pratylenchus Zeae ◽  
Fresh Root

In a greenhouse experiment, a population consisting of 1,500 Pratylenchus zeae in 20-cm pots were pathogenic on sorghum, and suppressed top and root growth. Pronounced necrosis of the roots resulted. Top growth was retarded by combinations of P. zeae-Curvularia spp., P. zeae-Fusarium moniliforme, P. zeae-Rhizoctonia solani, and P. zeae-Macrophomina sp., and by F. moniliforme and R. solani, alone. All nematode-fungi combinations and all fungi alone suppressed root growth. The combination P. zeae-Curvularia spp. produced most damage. P. zeae-R. solani, Curvularia spp., and F. moniliforme produced severe necrosis of sorghum roots. An initial inoculum of 750 P. zeae in 20-cm pots was not pathogenic on sorghum in a second experiment. Only the combination of P. zeae-F. moniliforme affected the fresh root weights; dry root weights were retarded significantly by P. zeae-F. moniliforme and by F. moniliforme, alone. The intensity of necrosis also varied with the different inocula.

scholarly journals First Report of Web Blight on Rose Campion (Lychnis coronaria) Caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-IB in Italy

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-162
Author(s):  
A. Garibaldi ◽  
D. Bertetti ◽  
G. Ortu ◽  
M. L. Gullino
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
First Report ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Hyphal Diameter ◽  
Web Blight ◽  
The Impact

Lychnis coronaria (syn. Silene coronaria), rose campion, is a perennial in the Caryophyllaceae used in gardens. In the summer of 2014, a web blight was observed in a private garden located near Biella (northern Italy), approximately 45°39′N 8°00′E, on 40% of 100 5-month-old plants grown in sandy soil. In the days preceding the outbreak of the disease, daytime temperatures ranged from 18 to 24°C and relative humidity from 45 to 83%. Affected plants showed pale brown discoloration of stems, starting from the base, and eventually collapsed. Under conditions of high relative humidity, a scant amount of whitish mycelium developed on leaves of about 50% of diseased plants. Eventually, infected plants died about 10 days after symptoms appeared. Symptomatic tissues of stems and leaves were disinfected for 10 s in 1% NaOCl, rinsed in sterile water, and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA). A fungus with the morphological characters of Rhizoctonia solani (3) was consistently recovered. Three representative isolates were paired with tester strains of R. solani (AG 1, AG 2-2-IIIB, AG 4, AG 7, and AG 11) (2) and examined microscopically. The Lychnis isolates anastomosed only with the AG 1 tester strain, with low fusion frequency. The anastomosis point was obvious: the hyphal diameter at the point of anastomosis was reduced and death of adjacent cells was observed, indicating an anastomosis reaction (1). Mycelium maintained on PDA at 23 ± 1°C was coarse and reddish brown. After 5 days of growth, mycelium started differentiating numerous sclerotia, often aggregated. Mature sclerotia were dark, spheroidal, with diameters ranging from 0.2 to 1.6 (average 0.6) mm. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified using the primers ITS1/ITS4 and sequenced. BLASTn analysis of the 609-bp amplicon (GenBank Accession No. KM596899) showed a 98% homology with the sequence of the R. solani isolate FJ746937 obtained from Zoysiagrass. On the basis of molecular and cultural characteristics and anastomosis tests, the isolates from L. coronaria were identified as R. solani AG 1-IB (4). For pathogenicity tests performed in August, mycelial disks (8 mm diam.) from 10-day-old PDA cultures of an isolate of the fungus were placed on four healthy 6-month-old L. coronaria plants (four stem and six leaf disks per plant). Four plants inoculated with disks of PDA served as controls. Plants were covered with plastic bags for 4 days and maintained in a garden located in the same area in which the disease appeared, at field temperatures ranging from 15 to 28°C. The first symptoms developed 4 days after inoculation, and 15 days after the artificial inoculation, all inoculated plants were dead. R. solani was re-isolated from the stem of symptomatic plants, whereas no colonies developed from controls, which all remained healthy. This is the first report of blight of L. coronaria caused by R. solani in Italy or anywhere else in the world. The impact of this disease may become a significant problem for L. coronaria, a very common species in Italian gardens. References: (1) D. E. Carling. Page 37 in: Rhizoctonia Species: Taxonomy, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Pathology and Disease Control. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 1996. (2) A. Ogoshi. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 25:125, 1987. (3) B. Sneh et al. Identification of Rhizoctonia species. APS Press, St. Paul, MN, 1991. (4) R. T. Sherwood. Phytopathology 59:1924, 1969.

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