scholarly journals Geosmithia species associated with fir-infesting beetles in Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Jankowiak ◽  
Piotr Bilański
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Geosmithia Morbida ◽  
Canker Pathogen ◽  
Bark And Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dna Sequence Comparison

<em>Geosmithia</em> species (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) are common ectosymbionts of scolytine bark and ambrosia beetles that feed on coniferous and deciduous trees in different forest ecosystems. <em>Geosmithia morbida</em> is the canker pathogen that causes extensive mortality of <em>Juglans nigra</em>. Because little is known regarding the <em>Geosmithia</em> species on European silver fir (<em>Abies alba</em>), we have investigated the diversity and abundance of these fungi associated with insects infesting European silver fir in Poland. Samples associated with eight beetle species were collected from three fir forests. Fungi were isolated from beetles and galleries. Isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics, DNA sequence comparison for three gene regions (ITS, ßT, TEF1-α), and phylogenetic analyses. <em>Geosmithia</em> was detected in 33% of the total 531 beetle samples obtained from <em>A. alba</em>. Two undescribed species of <em>Geosmithia</em> were distinguished, <em>Geosmithia</em> sp. 9 and <em>Geosmithia</em> sp. 16. Associations of <em>Pityokteines</em> spp. with <em>Geosmithia</em> fungi were recorded for the first time. <em>Pityokteines vorontzowi</em> and <em>Pityophthorus pityographus</em> appear to be regular vectors for <em>Geosmithia</em> sp. 9 and <em>Geosmithia</em> sp. 16, respectively. <em>Pityokteines curvidens</em> and <em>Cryphalus piceae</em> were associated with <em>Geosmitha</em> sp. 9 at lower frequencies.

scholarly journals Diversity of Diatrypaceae Species Associated with Dieback of Grapevines in South Africa, with the Description of Eutypa cremea sp. nov.

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Providence Moyo ◽  
Lizel Mostert ◽  
Christoffel F.J. Spies ◽  
Ulrike Damm ◽  
Francois Halleen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Canker Pathogen ◽  
Grapevine Canker ◽  
First Time

Recent studies in grape-growing areas including Australia, California, and Spain have revealed an extensive diversity of Diatrypaceae species on grapevines showing dieback symptoms and cankers. However, in South Africa, little is known regarding the diversity of these species in vineyards. The aim of this study was, therefore, to identify and characterize Diatrypaceae species associated with dieback symptoms of grapevine in South Africa. Isolates were collected from dying spurs of grapevines aged 4 to 8 years old, grapevine wood showing wedge-shaped necrosis when cut in cross section as well as from perithecia on dead grapevine wood. The collected isolates were identified based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and β-tubulin gene. Seven Diatrypaceae species were identified on grapevine, namely Cryptovalsa ampelina, C. rabenhorstii, Eutypa consobrina, E. lata, E. cremea sp. nov., Eutypella citricola, and E. microtheca. The dying spurs yielded the highest diversity of species when compared with the wedge-shaped necrosis and/or perithecia. C. ampelina was the dominant species in the dying spurs, followed by E. citricola, whereas E. lata was the dominant species isolated from the wedge-shaped necroses and perithecia. These results confirm E. lata as an important grapevine canker pathogen in South Africa, but the frequent association of C. ampelina with spur dieback suggests that this pathogen plays a more prominent role in dieback than previously assumed. In some cases, more than one species were isolated from a single symptom, which suggests that interactions may be occurring leading to decline of grapevines. C. rabenhorstii, E. consobrina, E. citricola, E. microtheca, and E. cremea are reported for the first time on grapevine in South Africa.

scholarly journals Situation of Armillaria spp. and Heterobasidion spp. in Slovenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-9
Author(s):  
Ana Brglez ◽  
Nikica Ogris
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Coniferous Trees ◽  
Current State ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Pinus Spp

Species of the genus Armillaria and Heterobasidion are among the most common causes of stem and root rot in Slovenia. Armillaria spp. infects deciduous and coniferous trees, while Heterobasidion spp. mainly threatens Norway spruce (Picea abies), pines (Pinus spp.), and silver fir (Abies alba). On the basis of the data about the sanitary felling of infected trees, we estimated the current state and calculated the proportions represented in total felling, total sanitary felling, total sanitary felling due to diseases, in wood stock, and in increments from 2013 to 2017. Since 2014, there has been a constant increase in the sanitary felling of deciduous and coniferous trees due to infections with Armillaria spp. In 2017, 32,849 m3 of timber were harvested due to Armillaria spp. Given the present situation, we assume that the amount of sanitary felling will continue to increase, but it will not account for large shares in wood stock or increment (< 1 %). In 2017, sanitary felling of infected conifers represented 27.6 % of all sanitary felling due to diseases. In the case of deciduous trees, the share was lower, i.e. 7.1 %. Armillaria spp. was the main cause of sanitary felling due to disease (51.9 %) in the Postojna forest management unit (FMU), while elsewhere shares of up to 10 % were recorded. With Heterobasidion spp., the amount of felling is decreasing over the years. In 2017, 33,922 m3 of wood, accounting for 15.7 % of the total sanitary felling due to disease, were felled due to Heterobasidion spp. A comparison of the felling of Norway spruce, silver fir, and Scots pine due to Heterobasidion spp. shows the different proportions of felling within the total sanitary felling due to the diseases. In Norway spruce, it is on average 79.5 %, in silver fir 12.9 %, and in Scots pine 34.3 %. We assume that the volume of timber harvested due to Heterobasidion spp. will gradually decrease over the years due to the lower wood stocks of Norway spruce, which has recently been hit by numerous natural disasters and infestation of bark beetles. However, the incidence will be higher due to climate change affects.

scholarly journals Removal of cadmium (II) from aqueous effluents by sorption on Romanian silver fir tree bark (Abies alba Mill.) wastes

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Maximum Sorption Capacity ◽  
Aqueous Effluents ◽  
Maximum Sorption ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
First Time

<p>In last decades the search for new low cost sorbents that have heavy metal ions binding capabilities is a hot topic in the field of clean-up technologies. In this study,&nbsp; wastes of&nbsp; Romanian silver tree (<em>Abies alba)</em> bark&nbsp; were explored for first time as green and economical sorbent for the removal of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions.&nbsp; The effect of various experimental parameters such as initial solution pH, sorbent dose, initial Cd(II) concentration, temperature and contact time has been investigated under batch conditions.&nbsp;</p> <p>The Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to describe the equilibrium isotherms and both models have been fitted very well. According to the evaluation using the Langmuir equation, the maximum sorption capacity of Cd (II) ions on <em>Abies alba</em> bark waste was found to be 11.98<br /> mg g<sup>-1</sup> at 293 K. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the process of Cd(II) sorption on silver fir tree bark was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic. Kinetic data were properly fitted with the pseudo–second order model. The obtained results strongly suggest that Romanian silver tree (<em>Abies alba)</em> bark is eligible as an efficient sorbent for the decontamination of toxic metals from wastewaters.</p>

A new predatory leech from Vietnam (Hirudinida : Arhynchobdellida : Salifidae): its phylogenetic position with comments on the classification of the family

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takafumi Nakano ◽  
Son Truong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
First Time

The family Salifidae is a predaceous leech taxon in the suborder Erpobdelliformes. Although Salifidae is widely distributed in the African, Oriental, Indo-Malayan, Sino-Japanese and Australasian regions, the phylogenetic relationships of the family Salifidae have never been tested using molecular data obtained from leeches collected from the family distributional range. A salifid species was collected for the first time in Vietnam, and relevant morphological and molecular data are presented here. Because the Vietnamese salifid species possesses unique morphological characteristics among the known salifid species, this species is herein described as a new species, Salifa motokawai, sp. nov. Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear 18S rRNA and histone H3, as well as mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, tRNACys, tRNAMet, 12S rRNA, tRNAVal, 16S rRNA, tRNALeu and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 markers demonstrate that the Vietnamese salifid species is a close congener with the African Salifa perspicax and the Malagasy Linta be. Furthermore, molecular data revealed non-monophyly of the Asian salifid leeches. According to the observed phylogenetic relationships and morphological characteristics of the Vietnamese Salifa motokawai, sp. nov., the current classification of salifid taxa should be revised.

Tree rings used to assess time since death of deadwood of different decay classes in beech and silver fir forests in the central Apennines (Molise, Italy)

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Lombardi ◽  
Paolo Cherubini ◽  
Bruno Lasserre ◽  
Roberto Tognetti ◽  
Marco Marchetti
Keyword(s):  
Ring Width ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Time Since Death ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Central Apennines ◽  
The Relationship

We investigated the relationship between time since death and morphological characteristics of Abies alba Mill. (European silver fir) and Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech) stumps in two forest stands in the central Apennines. At each site, 15 or 16 living trees were selected, and increment cores were collected to build master ring-width chronologies. For both sites, cross sections were collected from stumps. Samples were assigned to visually discernible decay classes, and their death date dendrochronologically determined. Using cross-dating techniques, stumps cross-dated significantly with standard chronologies, and it was possible to assign a year of death to 77% and 69% of sampled A. alba and F. sylvatica stumps, respectively. Analysis of the time since death of the stumps suggests that the two species have similar decay rates, although A. alba was faster in passing from class 2 to class 3. However, this study revealed a continuum through decay classes and showed a high variability in the transition rate from one class to another. Overall, information obtained using dendrochronological techniques was valuable for assessing deadwood decomposition rates. The variability found in stump decomposition rates indicates that existing decay classification schemes, although providing information on decomposition timing, are hardly applicable to these forest stands and that the relationship between qualitatively assessed decay classes and time since death of trees appears to be rather weak.

scholarly journals European silver fir – an alternative for the dying Norway spruce in Białowieża Forest?

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-166
Author(s):  
Aleh Marozau ◽  
Miłosz Mielcarek ◽  
Grzegorz Krok ◽  
Rafał Paluch ◽  
Krzysztof Chiliński
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Generational Change ◽  
Relict Species ◽  
Białowieża Forest ◽  
First Time ◽  
Forest District ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Abstract The condition of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) in the Białowieża Forest is categorized as a crisis. It is believed that due to the cooling in the Holocene, the then-relict species of the forest, silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), disappeared from its ecosystems and then spruce appeared. Today’s climate change presents challenges to our civilization, including to forestry. However, there is no information at all about how this affected the silver fir in the Białowieża Forest. In the Polish part of the forest (subcompartment 498 Сi, Białowieża Forest District), for the first time a comprehensive study has been carried out on the condition of mature fir trees planted by man and on their progeny. The results indicate high forestry-taxation indicators of trees, resistance to the abiotic factor and competitiveness. Their constitution corresponds to local environmental conditions. However, the disproportionately small number of adult natural regeneration of old firs indicated some kind of malfunction in the mechanism of natural generational change.

scholarly journals Macromycetes in communities of Abies alba on its range border in central Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-131
Author(s):  
Jarosłaaw Szkodzik
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Tree Stand ◽  
Northern Limit ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Tree Stand Structure ◽  
First Time

The paper presents results of mycocoenological examinations conducted in four nature reserves with <i>Abies alba</i> in Central Poland (Lubiaszów, Kruszewiec, Łaznów and Gałków) in 1997-1999. A list of 288 fungi accompanying silver fir communities close to the northern limit of the occurrence of the species, including 38 species identified in associations with <i>Abies alba</i> in Poland for the first time, is given. Statistical analysis has shown that a relationship exists between macromycete diversity, tree stand structure and plant communities such as <i>Tilio-Carpinetum, Luzulo pilosaee-Fagetum, Pino-Quercetum abietetosum</i>.

Puccinia marrubii (Pucciniaceae), a new rust species on Marrubium globosum subsp. globosum from Niğde and Malatya in Turkey

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 272 (4) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
ŞANLI KABAKTEPE ◽  
BİROL MUTLU ◽  
ŞÜKRÜ KARAKUŞ ◽  
ILGAZ AKATA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Bayesian Methods ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Its Region ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

A new species of rust fungus, Puccinia marrubii sp. nov. is described from Turkey. The new species is the first Puccinia species to be identified on genus Marrubium (Lamiaceae). In order to determine the phylogenetic relationships of the new species, ITS region was amplified by PCR, sequenced, and analyzed. In addition to the ITS region of seven Puccinia species, P. annularis, P. jasmini, P. malvacearum, P. nigrescens, P. phlomidis, P. salviae, and P. serpylli were sequenced for the first time. Phylogenetic analyses performed by using distance, Bayesian methods confirmed that the new rust was closely related to P. serpylli, P. malvacearum, P. salviae, and P. annularis. The diagnostic morphological characteristics of the new species were discussed with the phylogenetically related species.

New records of Pluteus section Hispidoderma in Turkey Based on Morphological Characteristics and Molecular Data

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 413 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
OGUZHAN KAYGUSUZ ◽  
IBRAHIM TÜRKEKUL ◽  
HENNING KNUDSEN ◽  
ÖMER FARUK ÇOLAK
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Present Species ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
New Host ◽  
First Time

Twenty-six species from various sections of the genus Pluteus have been recorded from Turkey until now. In this study, phylogenetic analyses inferred from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) were conducted for species delimitation and for comparisons with closely related taxa of Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma in Turkey. Our results show that P. granularis is recorded in Turkey and Europe for the first time, P. granulatus in Turkey for the first time and in Europe for the third time, P. umbrosoides in Turkey for the first time and in the world for the second time, and P. variabilicolor in Turkey for the first time. Also in this study, sequencing data for P. leoninus, P. plautus, P. roseipes, P. semibulbosus and P. umbrosus as well as the above-mentioned new records are presented for the first time from Turkey as a different geographical area. Analyses of the ITS showed that the lowest sequence divergence among in-group taxa was observed between P. semibulbosus and P. aff. semibulbosus 0.010% (SE = 0.004), the next was between P. chrysaegis and P. conizatus var. africanus 0.012% (SE = 0.004). The highest sequence divergence with in-group taxa was found between P. plautus and P. umbrosoides, 0.351% (SE = 0.039). In terms of habitat, Fagus orientalis is recorded as a new host for P. granulatus, P. granularis, P. umbrosoides, and P. umbrosus; Picea orentalis is a new host to P. granularis; Carpinus betulus for P. umbrosus; and the relict endemic Liquidambar orientalis for P. variabilicolor. Finally, this study provides detailed morphological descriptions, macro photographs and microstructure drawings relating to species of Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma from Turkey, which are rare, interesting and noteworthy. An identification key is provided for present species of Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma occurring in the country.

scholarly journals A Taxonomic Appraisal of Bambusicolous Fungi in Occultibambusaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) with New Collections from Yunnan Province, China

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 932
Author(s):  
Hong-Bo Jiang ◽  
Rungtiwa Phookamsak ◽  
Kevin D. Hyde ◽  
Peter E. Mortimer ◽  
Jian-Chu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
Terrestrial Habitat ◽  
Bambusicolous Fungi ◽  
First Time

During our ongoing studies of bambusicolous fungi in southwest China and Thailand, three saprobic pleosporalean taxa were discovered on bamboos in Yunnan Province of China. Occultibambusa hongheensis and Seriascoma bambusae spp. nov. are introduced based on morphological characteristics coupled with multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, SSU, TEF1-α, RPB2 and ITS sequence data. Occultibambusa kunmingensis is also reported from a terrestrial habitat for the first time. Comprehensive descriptions, color photo plates of micromorphology, and a phylogenetic tree showing the placements of these three taxa are provided. In addition, synopsis tables of Occultibambusa and Seriascoma with morphological features are also provided.

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