scholarly journals Macromycetes in communities of Abies alba on its range border in central Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-131
Author(s):  
Jarosłaaw Szkodzik
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Tree Stand ◽  
Northern Limit ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Tree Stand Structure ◽  
First Time

The paper presents results of mycocoenological examinations conducted in four nature reserves with <i>Abies alba</i> in Central Poland (Lubiaszów, Kruszewiec, Łaznów and Gałków) in 1997-1999. A list of 288 fungi accompanying silver fir communities close to the northern limit of the occurrence of the species, including 38 species identified in associations with <i>Abies alba</i> in Poland for the first time, is given. Statistical analysis has shown that a relationship exists between macromycete diversity, tree stand structure and plant communities such as <i>Tilio-Carpinetum, Luzulo pilosaee-Fagetum, Pino-Quercetum abietetosum</i>.

scholarly journals Removal of cadmium (II) from aqueous effluents by sorption on Romanian silver fir tree bark (Abies alba Mill.) wastes

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Maximum Sorption Capacity ◽  
Aqueous Effluents ◽  
Maximum Sorption ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
First Time

<p>In last decades the search for new low cost sorbents that have heavy metal ions binding capabilities is a hot topic in the field of clean-up technologies. In this study,&nbsp; wastes of&nbsp; Romanian silver tree (<em>Abies alba)</em> bark&nbsp; were explored for first time as green and economical sorbent for the removal of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions.&nbsp; The effect of various experimental parameters such as initial solution pH, sorbent dose, initial Cd(II) concentration, temperature and contact time has been investigated under batch conditions.&nbsp;</p> <p>The Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to describe the equilibrium isotherms and both models have been fitted very well. According to the evaluation using the Langmuir equation, the maximum sorption capacity of Cd (II) ions on <em>Abies alba</em> bark waste was found to be 11.98<br /> mg g<sup>-1</sup> at 293 K. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the process of Cd(II) sorption on silver fir tree bark was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic. Kinetic data were properly fitted with the pseudo–second order model. The obtained results strongly suggest that Romanian silver tree (<em>Abies alba)</em> bark is eligible as an efficient sorbent for the decontamination of toxic metals from wastewaters.</p>

scholarly journals The history and natural regeneration of a secondary oak-beech woodland on a former wood-pasture in Hungary

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Varga ◽  
Péter Ódor ◽  
Zsolt Molnár ◽  
János Bölöni
Keyword(s):  
Stand Structure ◽  
Tree Stand ◽  
Wood Pasture ◽  
Continuous Forest ◽  
Forestry Management ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Closed Forest ◽  
Tree Stand Structure ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Characteristic features of European woodland include both a reduction in natural forest areas and an increase in former agricultural areas occupied by secondary woodland. The management of these areas is challenging in terms of nature conservation, agricultural and forestry management and policy. The aim of our study was to reconstruct the history and to document the current tree stand structure for a secondary oak-beech woodland in Hungary. Towards the end of the 1800s, this area which was once almost completely occupied by a continuous forest, had been transformed into a wood-pasture. As a result of its gradual abandonment, the closed forest stand of the pasture increased from 10 to 52% between 1963 and 2005. The most characteristic feature of this woodland is the abundance of large trees. Globally, the number of large and ancient trees is rapidly diminishing. Therefore preserving and maintaining such areas, where large trees could live, is an essential management task.

scholarly journals Growth response of mixed beech forests to climate change, various management and game pressure in Central Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 331-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Vacek ◽  
Anna Prokůpková ◽  
Zdeněk Vacek ◽  
Daniel Bulušek ◽  
Václav Šimůnek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stand Structure ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Great Density ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Growth Variability ◽  
Browsing Damage

The growth, structure and production of mixed beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests were analysed  in the Broumovsko Protected Landscape Area, Czech Republic. The objective of the paper was to evaluate stand structure, timber production and dynamics of forests with historically different silvicultural practices in relation to climate conditions, management and game damage. The results indicate that scree forests (coppices and coppices with standards) were stands with high-rich species diversity and structure compared to herb-rich beech forests (high forests) with higher timber production. The Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) was the most sensitive tree species compared to low growth variability in European beech. The climate factors had the highest effect on radial growth from June to August. Natural regeneration showed great density potential (13,880–186,462 recruits·ha<sup>–1</sup>), especially in expansion of maples and European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.). However, recruits were seriously limiting by damage caused by hoofed game, especially in silver fir (Abies alba Mill.; 53% browsing damage), wych elm (Ulmus glabra Hudson; 51%) and rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.; 50%).

scholarly journals European silver fir – an alternative for the dying Norway spruce in Białowieża Forest?

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-166
Author(s):  
Aleh Marozau ◽  
Miłosz Mielcarek ◽  
Grzegorz Krok ◽  
Rafał Paluch ◽  
Krzysztof Chiliński
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Generational Change ◽  
Relict Species ◽  
Białowieża Forest ◽  
First Time ◽  
Forest District ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Abstract The condition of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) in the Białowieża Forest is categorized as a crisis. It is believed that due to the cooling in the Holocene, the then-relict species of the forest, silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), disappeared from its ecosystems and then spruce appeared. Today’s climate change presents challenges to our civilization, including to forestry. However, there is no information at all about how this affected the silver fir in the Białowieża Forest. In the Polish part of the forest (subcompartment 498 Сi, Białowieża Forest District), for the first time a comprehensive study has been carried out on the condition of mature fir trees planted by man and on their progeny. The results indicate high forestry-taxation indicators of trees, resistance to the abiotic factor and competitiveness. Their constitution corresponds to local environmental conditions. However, the disproportionately small number of adult natural regeneration of old firs indicated some kind of malfunction in the mechanism of natural generational change.

scholarly journals The ‘Tisovik’ reserve of Silver fir in the Belarusian national park ‘Belavezhskaya Pushcha’

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-36
Author(s):  
Adolf F. Korczyk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
National Park ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Primeval Forest ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Białowieża Primeval Forest

Abstract Silver firs (Abies alba Mill.) of natural origin occurring in the Belorussian part of the Białowieża Primeval Forest constitute an enclave situated 120 km to the north-east of a dense fir stand in the Polish part of the forest. In order to protect this population a reserve called ‘Tisovik’ was established. In this study, plant communities occurring in the ‘Tisovik’ reserve were described and its fir population (20 trees) was characterised in terms of its genetic structure.

Age-related Decline in Forest Ecosystem Growth: An Individual-Tree, Stand-Structure Hypothesis

Ecosystems ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Binkley ◽  
Jos&#x000E9; L. Stape ◽  
Michael G. Ryan ◽  
Holly R. Barnard ◽  
James Fownes
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Tree Stand ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Tree Stand Structure

The estimation of carbon budgets of frequently burnt tree stands in savannas of northern Australia, using allometric analysis and isotopic discrimination

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Cook ◽  
A. C. Liedloff ◽  
R. W. Eager ◽  
X. Chen ◽  
R. J. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
Tree Stand ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tree Stand Structure ◽  
Allometric Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The stock, rates of sequestration and allocation of carbon were estimated for trees in 14 0.1-ha plots at Kapalga in Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory, using new allometric relationships of carbon stock to stem cross-sectional area and measured growth rates of trees. Carbon stocks of trees ranged from 12 to 58 t ha–1, with sequestration representing ~9% of the total stocks. More than half of the sequestered carbon is allocated to leaves and twigs and ~20% to wood. Only ~25% is retained in the live trees with leaf and twig fall accounting for 80%–84% of the total transfers to the environment. An alternative method of calculating sequestration rates from consideration of water use and carbon-isotope discrimination data had a close to 1 : 1 match with estimates from allometric relationships. We developed and applied algorithms to predict the impacts of fire on carbon stocks of live trees. This showed that the reduction in live carbon stocks caused by single fires increased with increasing intensity, but the impact was highly dependent on the tree stand structure.

scholarly journals Simulation of Decline of Norway Spruce (Picea Abies L. Karst.) Forests in Gorgan Mountains (Ukrainian Carpathians): Case Study Using Forkome Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-366
Author(s):  
Taras Parpan ◽  
Ihor Kozak ◽  
Yuriy Shparyk ◽  
Myroslava Mylenka ◽  
Ivan Balaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Tree Stand ◽  
Active Biomass ◽  
Simulation Results

AbstractThe FORKOME model used in the article contains elements of forest and ecological approaches and was specially developed for the conditions of the Gorgans. The modeling was performed based on the single simulation results and statistically averaged forecast of 200 simulations (“Monte Carlo”) in order to show the tendency of changes and their correspondence with single simulations. The forecast of the forest dynamics was conducted at the 100th anniversary period with “control” and “warm-dry” scenarios. It has been revealed that the rapid decrease in biomass in the first decade was caused by Norway spruce decline. It was revealed that in the control scenario, the most active biomass growth during the 100th year forecast was shown by Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). The fir reacted relatively sensitively to the warming and decrease in rainfall. The relationships between tree species and the influence of biomass of Norway spruce tree on the biomass of the whole forest tree stand were analyzed.

scholarly journals Moderate Diversity in Forest Structure and Its Low Dynamics Are Favored by Uneven-Aged Silviculture—The Lesson from Medium-Term Experiment

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Janusz Szmyt ◽  
Władysław Barzdajn ◽  
Wojciech Kowalkowski ◽  
Robert Korzeniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Forest Structure ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Size Diversity

For several decades, there has been growing interest in highly diversified forests as a result of their management using the so-called uneven-aged silviculture. Such management and forests resulting from its application fulfil the purpose of forest ecosystem protection without significant limitation of the other forest functions and services. The usefulness of such silvicultural system depends largely on the species composition of the stand. In Poland, this system has been used primarily in silver fir (Abies alba Mill.)-dominated forests with an admixture of other shade-tolerant tree species and rather small admixture of light-demanding species. In our study, we analyzed the structure of fir-dominated uneven-aged forest consisting of a certain mix of eight tree species with different light-requirements, in which uneven-aged silviculture was performed for over two decades. The analysis of stand structure concerned three aspects of the forest structure: species diversity, spatial pattern of tree distribution, and tree size diversity. On the basis of three stand inventories, we captured the mid-term dynamics of the stand structure under moderate human pressure conditions. The results showed that the stand was characterized by high growing stock, with stable growth over the entire period. The silver fir was the dominant tree species, but the Scots pine and pedunculate oak also played an important role. However, the silver fir was abundant in the ingrowth class, whereas the pine and oak were absent or very rare in this stand strata. Noteworthy is the increasing importance of the European hornbeam, which is particularly evident in the ingrowth class; its abundance was twice that of the silver fir. The results clearly demonstrated that within 24 years, the share of light-demanding tree species in the forest clearly decreased, while that of shade-tolerant species clearly increased. Structural parameters showed a moderate tree-size diversity, despite the high species richness of the forest. This was mainly the result of selection cuttings, which clearly decreased tree-size variability after the second period of study. However, selection cuttings did not favor regeneration establishment, especially that of light-demanding tree species, whose role in the stand is assumed to be only minor in the future. The relatively high level of volume growth indicated that cutting intensity may be increased. More intense selection cuttings would also improve the stand structure by providing better light conditions for potential regeneration of different tree species, also light-adapted ones.

Dynamics of Norway spruce and silver fir natural regeneration in a mixed stand under uneven-aged management

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Grassi ◽  
Gianfranco Minotta ◽  
Giustino Tonon ◽  
Umberto Bagnaresi
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Eastern Alps ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Gap Formation ◽  
Canopy Layer ◽  
Spatial Continuity

In a 0.75-ha plot in a Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) – silver fir (Abies alba Miller) stand in Comelico (Italian eastern Alps), we analysed (i) the distribution and growth of natural regeneration of Norway spruce and silver fir as affected by stand structure and (ii) the age structure of all saplings between 0.2 and 10 m in height in a 30-year-old gap. In both species, most natural regeneration was clumped and located at the margin of the gaps; however, fir saplings were more represented in understorey environments and less represented in gaps as compared with spruce. Age structure of natural regeneration in the selected gap revealed that the majority (75%) of saplings appeared after the formation of the gap; however, for regeneration taller than 2 m (which has a better chance of reaching the uppermost canopy layer), saplings already present at gap formation predominated. We conclude that (i) gap edges represent a preferential regeneration niche in this forest and (ii) saplings established before gap formation can play an important role in gap refilling. These results provide useful information to ensure, through silvicultural practices, favourable conditions for the temporal and spatial continuity of the regeneration process.

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