scholarly journals The effects of biological control on fungal communities colonizing eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) organs and the substrate used for eggplant cultivation

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Cwalina-Ambroziak ◽  
Maciej K. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Colletotrichum Coccodes ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
Soil Community ◽  
Soil Fungal Community ◽  
The University ◽  
Fruit Harvest ◽  
Black Beauty

Eggplants, cv. Black Beauty, were grown in the greenhouse of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. During the growing season, the plants were sprayed three times with Asahi SL, Biochikol 020 PC and Bravo 500 SC, they were watered with Polyversum, and a mycorrhizal inoculum was applied to the roots of seedlings. Unprotected plants, treated with distilled water, served as control. After fruit harvest, samples of the substrate used for eggplant cultivation, eggplant stems and roots were collected, and fungi were isolated in the laboratory. The fungal soil community was more abundant and diverse than the communities colonizing the stems and roots of eggplants. The applied biological and chemical control agents effectively reduced the abundance of fungi, including pathogenic species, in the organs of eggplants and the substrate used for eggplant cultivation. Potential pathogens (<i>Alternaria alternata</i>, <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> species) were isolated in high numbers from eggplant stems in the control treatment and in the Polyversum treatment (67%). The lowest number of potential pathogenic species were isolated from plants treated with the biostimulator Asahi SL, the fungicide Bravo 500 SC and the mycorrhizal inoculum. The population size of pathogenic fungi (<i>Colletotrichum coccodes</i> and <i>Fusarium</i>) isolated from eggplant roots was smaller, compared with stems, particularly in the treatments with the fungicide Bravo 500 SC and the biostimulator Biochikol 020 PC. The soil fungal community was dominated by yeast-like fungi (over 60% of all isolates). Fungi known as potential causal agents of diseases were found in low abundance, and they were not detected in substrate samples collected from under fungicide-treated eggplant plants.

scholarly journals Fungi colonizing the soil and roots of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) plants treated with biological control agents

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Bożena Cwalina-Ambroziak ◽  
Maciej K. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Fusarium Equiseti ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
The University ◽  
Fruit Harvest

Tomato plants, cv. Rumba Ożarowska, grown in the greenhouse of the University of Warmia and Mazury, were protected in the form of alternate spraying (twice) and watering (twice) with 5% aqueous extracts of the following plant species: <i>Aloe vulgaris</i> Lam., <i>Achillea millefolium</i> L., <i>Mentha piperita</i> L., <i>Polygonum aviculare</i> L., <i>Equisetum arvense</i> L., <i>Juglans regia</i> L. and <i>Urtica dioica</i> L. Plants not treated with the extracts served as control. After fruit harvest, samples of roots and soil were collected. The roots were disinfected and next placed on PDA medium. Soil-colonizing fungi were cultured on Martin medium. Fungi were identified microscopically after incubation. Pathogenic fungal species, <i>Colletotrichum coccodes</i>, <i>Fusarium equiseti</i>, <i>F. oxysporum</i> and <i>F. poae</i>, accounted for over 60% of all isolates obtained from the roots of tomato plants. The soil fungal community was dominated by yeast-like fungi (75.4%), whereas pathogenic fungi were present in low numbers. The applied 5% aqueous plant extracts effectively reduced the abundance of fungi, including pathogenic species, colonizing tomato plants and soil. The extract from <i>P. aviculare</i> showed the highest efficacy, while the extract from <i>J. regia</i> was least effective. Fungi showing antagonistic activity against pathogens (<i>Paecilomyces roseum</i> and species of the genus <i>Trichoderma</i>) were isolated in greatest abundance from the soil and the roots of tomato plants treated with <i>A. millefolium</i>, <i>M. piperita</i> and <i>U. dioica</i> extracts.

scholarly journals Hybrid-specific nutrient and water use of maize on chernozem soil

2013 ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Lajos Karancsi
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The University ◽  
Optimum Nutrition ◽  
Corn Hybrid ◽  
Yield Decrease

The field research was set up on chernozem soil at the Látókép AGTC KIT research area of the University of Debrecen. The study focused on yield, water utilization, nutrient reaction and the amount of yield per kg fertilizer of corn hybrid NX 47279 in 2011 and 2012. Based on the yield results it can be concluded that the largest yield in 2011 was 15 963 kg ha-1 at level N120+PK, while in 2012, the maximum yield amounted to 14 972 kg ha-1 at level N90+PK. Surplus yield per kg fertilizer proved that in 2011 level N30+PK resulted in the highest surplus yield (42.3 kg kg-1) compared to the control treatment. In 2012, yield growth was 18.0 kg kg-1 compared to the control treatment. We measured at level N60+PK 17,5 kg kg-1 compared to at level N30+PK, at the N90+PK 17,7 kg kg-1 compared to at level N60+PK. level N30+PK kg kg-1, 17.5 kg kg-1 at level N60+PK and 17.7 kg kg-1 at level N90+PK compared to the control treatment. Results of the regression analysis showed that the amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 117 kg ha-1 in 2011 and 111 kg ha-1 in 2012 in order to reach maximum yield. Doses of fertilizers above the amounts previously mentioned resulted in yield decrease. Our results indicated that in the drought year of 2012 the hybrid used available water more efficiently than in 2011. The hybrid produced 59 kg ha-1 yield in 2012 and 51.9 kg ha-1 in 2011 at an optimum nutrition level.

scholarly journals Combate integrado de la pudrición radical de la papaya (Phytophthora sp.) a nivel de vivero.

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenín Ramírez ◽  
Alfredo Durán ◽  
Dennis Mora
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Soil Microorganism ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Pathogenic Agent ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
The University

The effect of several strategies - alone and integrated - on the control of the Phytophthora sp. fungae, which causes radical rotting of papaya fruits, was evaluated under nursery conditions. The experiment took place between August 1994 and March 1995 at the University of Costa Rica's Estación Experimental Fabio Baudrit, located in Alajuela, Costa Rica. The treatments applied were: sun heat for 30 days; organic fertilizer made from hen droppings; etridiazole fungicide; and the following combinations: sun heat + etridiazole + organic fertilizer; etridiazole + organic fertilizer; sun heat + etridiazole; sun heat + etridiazole + organic fertilizer, and finally, an inoculated control treatment. Soil rows were made, and then they were innoculated with the pathogenic agent, and finally the aforementioned treatments were applied. The treated soils were bagged separately. The Solo Sunrise Hawaiian variety was planted in bags. The percentage of gerrnination, stem diameter at soillevel, plant height, radical system fresh weight, and severity of radical rotting were evaluated three months later. In addition, the effect of the treatments on beneficent soil microorganism populations (actinomyces, protozoa, bacteria, and fungi) was evaluated, as well as those of pathogenic populations. Organic fertilizer increased plant strength. All treatments affected germination; the innoculated control had the greatest germination percentage. Treatments containing organic fertilizer affected germination most.

scholarly journals Examination of the Nutrient and Water Utilization of Different Corn Genotypes in the Hajdúság

2014 ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Lajos Karancsi
Keyword(s):  
Research Area ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Water Utilization ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The University

The research was set up on chernozem soil at the Látókép MÉK research area of the University of Debrecen in Hungary. We examined the following factors of the hybrid P9494, P9578, PR37N01 and PR37M81 in 2013.Yield, yield production per 1 kg fertilizer, water utilization and nutrient reaction. We found that the best yield results were achieved at level N120+PK in case of hybrid P9494 (17 132 kg ha-1) P9578 (16 838 kg ha-1) and PR37N01 (17 476 kg ha-1) and at level N150+PK for hybrid PR37M81 (16 754 kg ha-1). Results of yield per 1 kg NPK studies indicate that the most intense yield growth occurred at level N30+PK compared to the control treatment. This means that yield production per 1 kg NPK was 39.2 kg kg-1 in the case of hybrid P9494, 54.2 kg kg-1 in the case of P9578, 17.6 kg kg-1 for PR37N01 and 44.2 kg kg-1 in the case of PR37M81. After comparing corn hybrids’ water utilization, our conclusion was that the control treatment achieved the worst results in the case of each hybrid (P9494: 20.8 kg mm-1, P9578: 21.0 kg mm-1, PR37N01: 26.2 kg mm-1, PR37M81: 19.5 kg mm-1). For hybrid P9494, P9578 and P37N01, the best water utilization results were measured at level N120+PK (31.5 kg mm-1, 31,0 kg mm-1 and 32.1 kg mm-1), while PR37M81 reached the highest values at level N150+PK (30.8 kg mm-1). We determined the hybrids’ nutrient reaction and its optimum fertilizer values. The best nutrient reaction results were achieved by hybrid PR37N01, while that of hybrid PR37M81 proved to be the weakest.

scholarly journals Efficacy of four selective Trichoderma isolates as plant growth promoters in two peanut varieties

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
M. Kamaruzzaman ◽  
M. M. Rahman ◽  
M. S. Islam ◽  
M. U. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

Trichoderma species are generally used as potential bio control agents against wide range of plant pathogenic fungi and some strains are reported to produce metabolites that enhance plant growth. In the current study we evaluated the four Trichoderma isolates viz. T. harzianum (ST5), T. viride (ST6), T. virens (ST7) and T. atroviride (ST9) including a control were tested as seed treatment against to find out a potential growth-promoter of Peanut. T. harzianum (ST5) gave maximum length and weight of shoot, weight of roots with pods, weight of pods and number of nodules per plant. T. viride (ST6) showed higher plant growth, nodulation and yield compared to T. virens (ST7) and T. atroviride (ST9). Minimum growth, yield and nodulation were observed with control treatment.

scholarly journals Risk of Fungal Infection to Dental Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Lopes Damasceno ◽  
Rafael Aparecido dos Santos ◽  
Amir Horiquini Barbosa ◽  
Luciana Assirati Casemiro ◽  
Regina Helena Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Dental Procedure ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Dental Equipment ◽  
The University

Fungi can cause various diseases, and some pathogenic fungi have been detected in the water of dental equipment. This environment offers suitable conditions for fungal biofilms to emerge, which can facilitate mycological contamination. This study verified whether the water employed in the dental units of two dental clinics at the University of Franca was contaminated with fungi. This study also evaluated the ability of the detected fungi to form biofilms. The high-revving engine contained the largest average amount of fungi, 14.93 ± 18.18 CFU/mL. The main fungal species verified in this equipment belonged to the generaAspergillusspp.,Fusariumspp.,Candidaspp., andRhodotorulaspp. Among the isolated filamentous fungi, only one fungus of the genusFusariumspp. did not form biofilms. As for yeasts, all theCandidaspp. isolates grew as biofilm, but none of theRhodotorulaspp. isolates demonstrated this ability. Given that professionals and patients are often exposed to water and aerosols generated by the dental procedure, the several fungal species detected herein represent a potential risk especially to immunocompromised patients undergoing dental treatment. Therefore, frequent microbiological monitoring of the water employed in dental equipment is crucial to reduce the presence of contaminants.

scholarly journals Screening of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Mimosa pudica in Bali Island

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Dewa Gede Wiryangga Selangga ◽  
Listihani
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Mimosa Pudica ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Fusarium Sp

This study aims to determine the screening of endophytic bacteria isolatd from Mimosa pudica in Bali Island. This research was conducted from September 2020 to January 2021 at the Plant Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University, Denpasar. Isolation of endophytic bacteria was carried out by taking a sample of the root of the shy daughter plant which was then washed and dried on a tissue.. Hypersensitivity test followed Klement and Goodman (1967) by growing bacteria in a petri dish containing 100% TSA and NA.Tests were carried out by growing endophytic bacteria in 100% NA and TSA media.  Isolation of the roots of the Mimusa pudica plant resulted in 43 isolates. The resulting isolates then passed the hypersensitive test so that 27 isolates were selected. A total of 27 isolates were then tested for hemolysis on blood agar. The final results obtained were 12 endophytic bacterial isolates which were then used in the next practicum. The results showed that the endophytic bacterial isolates were not able to inhibit the fusarium sp. and Phytophthora sp., when using the inhibition percentage formula. This is because the average diameter of the pathogenic fungi colonies in the control treatment (R1) with the average diameter of the pathogenic fungi colonies in the endophytic treatment (R2) has the same size, so that when calculated by the percentage inhibition formula it results in the number 0 which means no. there is a zone of inhibition.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF FUNGAL ACTIVITY ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS OF DIFFERENT CANNA CULTIVARS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Kopacki ◽  
Mariusz Szmagara ◽  
Agnieszka Jamiołkowska ◽  
Barbara Skwaryło-Bednarz ◽  
Krystyna Rysiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
La Boheme

Three-year studies (2014–2016) were conducted in Lublin in the south-east Poland. The objects of research were the plants of ten canna cultivars: ‘Aida’, ‘America’, ‘Botanica’, ‘Cherry Red’, ‘La Boheme’, ‘Lucifer’, ‘Picasso’, ‘Robert Kemp’, ‘President’ and ‘Wyoming’. Observations were carried out each year in October. Plants with symptoms of stem and root rot, leaves yellowing and wilt were noticed on the investigated plantations. The plants were studied with regard to photosynthetic activity and also by disease index for all cultivars and statistical analysis was carried out upon them. The effect of disease index on photosynthetic intensity and transpiration was determined after the calculation of Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Infected plants were collected for mycological analysis. The results of mycological analysis showed that canna plants were colonized by Fusarium spp., Sclerotinia spp. and Alternaria spp. Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium avenaceum and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum predominated among pathogenic species. The best health status and the lowest number of colonies were noticed for plants of cv. ‘Botanica’. The infection of canna leaves by pathogenic fungi has negatively affected the intensity of photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance and sub-stomatal CO2 concentration and it was largely related to the degree of infestation of specified varieties of canna. The photosynthesis process was limited especially in ‘La Boheme’, ‘Picasso’, ‘Cherry Red’ and ‘President’ cultivars, which were infected most frequently by pathogenic fungi. It was confirmed by negative Pearson’s coefficient.

scholarly journals A Spontaneous Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Color Mutant Conditions Anthocyanin-free Fruit Pigmentation

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 793-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmina Gisbert ◽  
Judith M. Dumm ◽  
Jaime Prohens ◽  
Santiago Vilanova ◽  
John R. Stommel
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Spontaneous Mutant ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Color Mutant ◽  
True Breeding ◽  
Marker Profile ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Black Beauty ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Genes

We identified a single plant in a grow out of the eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) variety ‘Black Beauty’ bearing green fruit. ‘Black Beauty’ normally produces violet/black pigmented fruit attributed to anthocyanin accumulation. We selected the green-fruited true-breeding genotype E13GB42 from the S2 generation obtained from selfing of the S0 green-fruited color mutant. Characterization of 12 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, eight fruit morphological attributes and fruit yield support E13GB42 arising as a spontaneous mutant of ‘Black Beauty’. With the exception of fruit calyx prickliness, E13GB42 was not significantly different from ‘Black Beauty’ for fruit morphological attributes and yield. E13GB42 exhibited an SSR marker profile identical to that of ‘Black Beauty’ but polymorphic with that of eight violet/black-fruited modern eggplant hybrids, older open-pollinated varieties and landraces. Transcript levels of key anthocyanin biosynthetic genes (Chs, Dfr, and Ans) and regulatory genes (MybC, Myc, and Wd) were significantly lower in the green-fruited E13GB42 mutant in comparison with the black-fruited variety ‘Black Beauty’ at various stages of fruit development ranging from small post-anthesis fruit to full-size marketable fruit. Progeny obtained from selfing of the original mutant and reciprocal crosses with ‘Black Beauty’ produced violet, green, and green with violet striped color classes that together were not compatible with one or two gene inheritance models, suggesting that the mutation responsible for the E13GB42 phenotype influences multiple genetic factors that control fruit pigmentation.

scholarly journals Irradiação ionizante em pós-colheita de atemoia cultivar ‘Thompson’

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 67-81
Author(s):  
Geraldo Henrique Martins Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Storage Period ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Radiation Technology ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
University City ◽  
The University

The study of ionizing irradiation with Cobalt 60 (60Co), in this experiment, aimed to evaluate its influence on postharvest physical parameters for atemoia cv. ‘Thompson’, which are related to the fruit ripening process. The irradiation was carried out at the Radiation Technology Center -CTR IPEN / CNEN -SP, located in the university city USP (University of São Paulo) in the compact multi-purpose radiator where gamma rays are used. Atemias were irradiated with the following doses of cobalt 60 (60Co): T0 = No irradiation (control), T1 = 0.2kGy, T2 = 0.4kGy, T3 = 0.6kGy, T4 = 0.8kGy, T5 = 1,0kGy and T6 = 1,2kGy and then packed in expanded polystyrene trays (2 fruits / tray) and sealed with 0.020mm polyvinyl chloride films; exception made to the control treatment which did not receive irradiation; for each analysis parameter there were three repetitions with two fruits per repetition. The fruits under study were stored in a cold chamber at 15 ± 0.2ºC and 90 ± 2% RH. In all irradiation doses, the following analyzes were carried out: loss of fresh mass, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (AT), pH, ascorbic acid (AA), reducing sugars, respiratory rate. The analyzes were analyzed every three days (0,3,6,9,12,15 and 18) days of storage. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (D.I.C.), in a factorial scheme (treatment x storage), composed of seven doses of gamma irradiation and seven storage times. The results were subjected to analysis of variance and the means compared by Tukey's test at the level of 5% probability and regression was performed for the analyzes in the storage period. This experiment can conclude that the doses of 1.0kGy and 1.2kGy demonstrate greater control of breathing, in atemoia, until the 9th day; three days more than the control treatment, the other parameters analyzed did not show any interference in the increase in postharvest life of the atemous cv ‘Thompson’.

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