scholarly journals The influence of intercrop plants and the date of their ploughing-in on weed infestation of root chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) var. sativum (Bisch.) Janch.

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Marzena Błażewicz-Woźniak ◽  
Mirosław Konopiński
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
The Status ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Galinsoga Ciliata

The field experiment was carried out in 2006-2008 in the Felin Experimental Farm (University of Life Sciences in Lublin) on podzolic soil developed from dusty medium loam. Root chicory (<i>Cichorium intybus</i> L.) var. <i>sativum</i> (Bisch.) Janch. cv. Polanowicka was involved in the experiment. The experimental factors were 3 species of intercrop plants: common vetch (<i>Vicia sativa</i>), phacelia (<i>Phacelia tanacetifolia</i>), oat (<i>Avena sativa</i>) and 2 dates of ploughing-in: pre-winter and spring. In total, 26 taxons characteristic for vegetable plantations were identified in chicory weed infestation. Monocarpic species dominated, among which <i>Senecio vulgaris</i>, <i>Chenopodium album</i>, <i>Lamium amplexicaule</i>, <i>Galinsoga ciliata</i>, and <i>Capsella bursa-pastoris</i> were predominant. The date of ploughing-in did not significantly affect the status and size of weed infestation of chicory plots. Short-lived species occurred after pre-winter ploughing-in, while perennial - after spring ploughing-in. The application of intercrops significantly reduced chicory weed infestation as compared to the cultivation with no intercrop. The ploughing-in of <i>Avena sativa</i> biomass appeared to be the most efficient. The intercrop plants reduced the occurrence of <i>Senecio vulgaris</i> and <i>Capsella bursa-pastoris</i> which were the most numerous in the treatment without intercrops. Biomass of <i>Vicia sativa</i> favored the growth of <i>Chenopodium album</i> and <i>Lamium amplexicaule</i>. The secondary weed infestation did not depend on agrotechnical factors applied during the experiment.

Effects of Two Row Spaces and Intercropping on Forage and Crude Protein Yields of Oat (Avena sativa L.) and Common Vetch (Vicia sativa L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2066-2074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong CHEN ◽  
Li-Mei GUO ◽  
Chang-Zhong REN ◽  
Lai-Chun GUO ◽  
Guo-Jun ZHAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Common Vetch

Intercropped oats (Avena sativa) - common vetch (Vicia sativa) silage in the dry season for small-scale dairy systems in the Highlands of Central Mexico

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 827-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Garduño-Castro ◽  
A. Espinoza-Ortega ◽  
C. E. González-Esquivel ◽  
B. Mateo-Salazar ◽  
C. M. Arriaga-Jordán
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Dairy Systems ◽  
Small Scale Dairy

scholarly journals Influence of ridge cultivation and phacelia intercrop on weed infestation of root vegetables of the Asteraceae family

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Błażewicz-Woźniak ◽  
Mirosław Konopiński
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Asteraceae Family ◽  
Root Vegetables

Influence of ridge cultivation and phacelia intercrop on weed infestation of root vegetables of the Asteraceae family The field experiment focused on three high-inulin vegetable crops: chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. sativum Bisch), black salsify (Scorzonera hispanica L.) and common salsify (Tragopogon porrifolius L.), and took into account two cultivation methods (flat soil and ridges) and a phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia L.) intercrop, the biomass of which was mixed with the soil during pre-winter ploughing. Cultivation without an intercrop served as the control. The studies aimed at evaluating the influence of ridge cultivation using a phacelia intercrop on the species composition and population of vegetable weeds as compared to traditional flat-soil cultivation with no intercrop. In total, 24 taxa in the primary and 31 taxa in the secondary weed populations (mostly characteristic for vegetable crops) were recorded in high-inulin species plantations. Monocarpic species such as Senecio vulgaris, Chenopodium album and Lamium amplexicaule dominated in the spring, while Stellaria media, Capsella bursa-pastoris and Urtica urens were most numerous at the end of the vegetation period. Applying phacelia as the intercrop and ploughing its biomass before winter significantly reduced the primary weed population for all of the cultivated crop species as compared to the no-intercrop cultivations. Phacelia grown as the intercrop reduced the occurrence of Senecio vulgaris, while favouring the development of Lamium amplexicaule. The cultivation system affected the primary weed infestation of vegetables, whereas it had no impact on the level of secondary weed infestation. At the beginning of the vegetation periods, fewer weeds grew in ridges than in the flat soil system. The crop species had no effect on the primary weed infestation, while it influenced weed numbers in the secondary. The lowest number of weeds was recorded in the secondary weed infestation of chicory, the well-developed leaf rosettes of which efficiently eliminated most of the weeds.

scholarly journals Weed infestation of onion in soil reduced cultivation system

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 135-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Błażej-Woźniak
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Control Object ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Annual Weeds

Field experiment was conducted in the years 1998-2000 in GD Felin. The influence of no-tillage cultivation and conventional tillage with spring ploughing on weed infestation of onion was compared. In experiment four cover crop mulches (<i>Sinapis alba</i> L., <i>Vicia sativa</i> L., <i>Phacelia tanacetifolia</i> B., <i>Avena sativa</i> L.) were applied. From annual weeds in weed infestation of onion in great number <i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L., and Senecio vulgaris L. stepped out. and from perennial - <i>Agropyron repens</i> (L.)P.B. Reduced soil cultivation system (no-tillage) caused the significant growth of primary weed infestation of onion in comparison with conventional tillage. In all years of investigations the executed pre-sowing ploughing limited significantly the annual weeds' number in primary weed infestation. The applied mulches from cover plants limited in considerable degree the number of primary weed infestation. In all years of investigations the most weeds stepped out on control object. Among investigated cover crop mulches <i>Vicia sativa</i> L. and Avena sativa L. had a profitable effect on decrease of onion`s primary weed infestation. Soil cultivation system and cover crop mulches had no signi ficant residual influence on the secondary weed infestation of onion.

WEEDS IN POTATO CULTURE AND THEIR OUTCOME IN SPREADING OF Alternaria spp.

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Halina Kurzawińska ◽  
Stanisław Mazur ◽  
Małgorzata Nadziakiewicz ◽  
Jacek Nawrocki
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Potato Culture ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Potato Crops

The aim of this study was to determine whether the weeds accompanying potato crops can be a source of Alternaria spp. causing Alternaria leaf blight and to determine the genetic similarities of Alternaria alternata isolates infecting selected weeds: Chenopodium album, Cirsium arvense and tested potato cultivar. Three-year field experiment was conducted on the potato cultivar ‘Vineta N’. The isolates were classified into different species on the basis of macro- and microscopic features. In each year of the study, A. alternata dominated among the isolated fungi colonizing the leaves of potato plants and the selected weeds. The genetic similarities of A. alternata isolates was determined by the RAPD-PCR method. Tested genetic forms of A. alternata were closely related; only small differences in the pattern of the separated amplification products was evidenced. The dominance of A. alternata on the weeds accompanying potato crops suggests that if weed infestation is extensive, the pathogen is very likely to spread and its population to increase.

Scanning electron microscopy observations of pollen morphology in common vetch (Vicia sativa) subspecies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Rui Dong ◽  
Zhongjie Lu ◽  
Zhengyu Yang ◽  
Yanrong Wang ◽  
Chao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Polar View ◽  
Polar Axis ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Plant Phylogeny ◽  
Axis Length ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Common vetch (Vicia sativa) is an important forage and green manure crop that is widely cultivated around the world. However, the large number of subspecies and accessions of common vetch has made taxonomic research on this species difficult. Pollen morphology data can provide important evidence in the study of plant phylogeny. Therefore, in this research, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe seven morphological traits of pollens from 22 common vetch accessions, and residual maximum likelihood and pattern analysis was conducted. The results showed that the pollen grains of the 22 accessions were all monad pollen and the polar view revealed three-lobed circular and triangular shapes, while the equatorial view mainly revealed an oblate shape; only one accession showed an oblate spherical shape. All accessions were 3-zonocolporate and the colpus length extended close to the poles. The polar axis length was (19.39 ± 0.97)–(42.12 ± 0.76) μm and the equatorial axis length was (35.97 ± 1.27)–(45.25 ± 0.81) μm. We found that qualitative traits of pollen shape, aperture polar view and ornamentation were highly stable. Among them, polar axis length, equatorial axis length and colpus length and width had significant differences among the accessions. The ratios of the equatorial and polar axes had significant differences among the subspecies. This trait information could be used for the classification and identification of common vetch accessions and subspecies.

scholarly journals Search for Resistant Genotypes to Cuscuta campestris Infection in Two Legume Species, Vicia sativa and Vicia ervilia

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 738
Author(s):  
Eva María Córdoba ◽  
Mónica Fernández-Aparicio ◽  
Clara Isabel González-Verdejo ◽  
Carmela López-Grau ◽  
María del Valle Muñoz-Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Parasitic Plants ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Bitter Vetch ◽  
Cuscuta Campestris ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

The dodders (Cuscuta spp.) are parasitic plants that feed on the stems of their host plants. Cuscuta campestris is one of the most damaging parasitic plants for the worldwide agricultural production of broad-leaved crops. Its control is limited or non-existent, therefore resistance breeding is the best alternative both economically and environmentally. Common vetch (Vicia sativa) and bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia) are highly susceptible to C. campestris, but no resistant genotypes have been identified. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify in V. sativa and V.ervilia germplasm collections genotypes resistant to C. campestris infection for use in combating this parasitic plant. Three greenhouse screening were conducted to: (1) identify resistant responses in a collection of 154 accessions of bitter vetch and a collection of 135 accessions of common vetch genotypes against infection of C. campestris; (2) confirm the resistant response identified in common vetch accessions; and (3) characterize the effect of C. campestris infection on biomass of V. sativa resistant and susceptible accessions. Most common vetch and bitter vetch genotypes tested were susceptible to C. campestris. However, the V. sativa genotype Vs.1 exhibited high resistance. The resistant phenotype was characterized by a delay in the development of C. campestris posthaustorial growth and a darkening resembling a hypersensitive-like response at the penetration site. The resistant mechanism was effective in limiting the growth of C. campestris as the ratio of parasite/host shoot dry biomass was more significantly reduced than the rest of the accessions. To the best or our knowledge, this is the first identification of Cuscuta resistance in V. sativa genotypes.

Rhizobium changzhiense sp. nov., isolated from effective nodules of Vicia sativa L. in North China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjie Zhang ◽  
Shanshan Peng ◽  
Mitchell Andrews ◽  
Chunzeng Liu ◽  
Yimin Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Rhizobial Species ◽  
Distinct Lineage ◽  
Type Strains

Three fast-growing rhizobial strains isolated from effective nodules of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) were characterized using a polyphasic approach. All three strains were assigned to the genus Rhizobium on the basis of the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated atpD-recA genes separated the strains into a distinct lineage represented by WYCCWR 11279T, which showed average nucleotide identity values of 95.40 and 93.61 % with the most similar phylogenetic type strains of Rhizobium sophorae CCBAU 03386T and Rhizobium laguerreae FB TT, respectively. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization relatedness values between WYCCWR 11279T and the closest related type strains were less than 70 %. Therefore, a novel rhizobial species is proposed, Rhizobium changzhiense sp. nov., and strain WYCCWR 11279T (=HAMBI 3709T=LMG 31534T) is designated as the type strain for the novel species.

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