scholarly journals Weed infestation of onion in soil reduced cultivation system

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 135-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Błażej-Woźniak
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Control Object ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Annual Weeds

Field experiment was conducted in the years 1998-2000 in GD Felin. The influence of no-tillage cultivation and conventional tillage with spring ploughing on weed infestation of onion was compared. In experiment four cover crop mulches (<i>Sinapis alba</i> L., <i>Vicia sativa</i> L., <i>Phacelia tanacetifolia</i> B., <i>Avena sativa</i> L.) were applied. From annual weeds in weed infestation of onion in great number <i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L., and Senecio vulgaris L. stepped out. and from perennial - <i>Agropyron repens</i> (L.)P.B. Reduced soil cultivation system (no-tillage) caused the significant growth of primary weed infestation of onion in comparison with conventional tillage. In all years of investigations the executed pre-sowing ploughing limited significantly the annual weeds' number in primary weed infestation. The applied mulches from cover plants limited in considerable degree the number of primary weed infestation. In all years of investigations the most weeds stepped out on control object. Among investigated cover crop mulches <i>Vicia sativa</i> L. and Avena sativa L. had a profitable effect on decrease of onion`s primary weed infestation. Soil cultivation system and cover crop mulches had no signi ficant residual influence on the secondary weed infestation of onion.

Response of Weeds to Tillage and Cover Crop Residue

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Teasdale ◽  
C. Edward Beste ◽  
William E. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Tillage Treatment ◽  
Crop Biomass ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Total weed density increased after 1 yr of no-tillage and after 2 yr of conventional tillage in a 4-yr experiment with repeated assignment of the same treatment to the same plots. Large crabgrass, goosegrass, and carpetweed densities were higher in the no-tillage compared with the conventional-tillage treatment in at least 1 yr whereas common lambsquarters density was greater in the conventional-tillage treatment the last year of the experiment. Within the no-tillage treatment, rye or hairy vetch residue reduced total weed density an average of 78% compared to the treatment without cover crop when cover crop biomass exceeded 300 g m–2and when residue covered more than 90% of the soil. Goosegrass, stinkgrass, and carpetweed densities were reduced by cover crop residue in at least 1 yr whereas large crabgrass was unaffected. Common lambsquarters density increased where rye was grown as a cover crop prior to conventional tillage. Despite differences in weed density among treatments, weed biomass was equivalent in all treatments during the last 2 yr.

scholarly journals The impact of no-tillage cultivation and white mustard as a cover crop on weed infestation and yield of carrot and red beet

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Borowy ◽  
Robert Gruszecki ◽  
Magdalena Kapłan
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Red Beet ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
The Impact

In a two-year field experiment, no-tillage cultivation using white mustard (<em>Sinapis alba</em> L. ‘Bardena’), 30 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, as a cover crop did not influence emergence of red beet (<em>Beta vulgaris</em> L. ‘Czerwona Kula REW’) and had a favorable effect on emergence of carrot (<em>Daucus carota</em> L. ‘Berlikumer 2 – Perfekcja REW’). However, further growth of both vegetables was significantly slower under no-tillage cultivation. Both vegetables produced a higher yield of roots and the diameter of these roots was bigger under conventional cultivation. The effect of cultivation method on the content of total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in carrot and red beet leaves varied, while the content of dry matter, monosaccharides and total sugars was significantly higher in the roots of both vegetables harvested under no-tillage cultivation. The number of weeds growing on no-tilled plots covered with mustard mulch 4 weeks after seed sowing was lower by about 75%, but their fresh weight was higher more than 6 times in comparison to that under conventional cultivation. This was caused by the emergence of wintering and winter hardy weeds in places not covered by mustard plants in the autumn of the year preceding the cultivation of vegetables. Next year, they started to grow in the early spring and some of them produced a considerable amount of fresh weight and attained the flowering stage in the middle of April.

scholarly journals Segetal Diversity in Selected Legume Crops Depending on Soil Tillage

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 635
Author(s):  
Jolanta Bojarszczuk ◽  
Janusz Podleśny
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Legume Crops ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Infestation

The aim of the paper was to determine weed infestation expressed by weeds number and weed weight and other index under a three different tillage system: no-tillage (NT), reduced tillage (RT), and ploughing tillage (CT) in two legume species crops: pea and narrowed-leaved lupine. The research proved that growing legume under no-tillage conditions caused the increasing weed infestation. Weather conditions in each of the study years were shown to influence the weed infestation. The dry weight of weeds was higher in narrow-leaved lupine by 7% in flowering stage assessment and by 6% before harvest than in pea crop. The weeds number in the conventional tillage system in the flowering stage in pea and lupine crops was 24 and 26 plants·m−2, respectively, under the reduced tillage conditions it was 33 and 29% higher, while under no-tillage it was 58 and 67% higher. In all tillage systems the dominant species were Chenopodium album L., Viola arvensis L., Anthemis arvensis L., and Cirsium arvense L. The results prove that soil tillage system affect weed infestation of legume crops.

NO-TILL ALFALFA ESTABLISHMENT AS INFLUENCED BY PREVIOUS COVER CROP

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. WOLF ◽  
E. S. HAGOOD Jr. ◽  
M. LENTNER
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
No Till ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Conventional tillage was compared with no tillage for establishing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in the residue of previous cover crops. The influences of planting methods and interim cover crops were studied near Blacksburg, Virginia. Alfalfa was seeded (a) in late March into a rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop, (b) in late April after a rye cover crop was harvested for silage, and (c) in late August into stubble left after removing millet (Setaria italica L.) as hay. Millet for the summer cover crop was planted after a rye cover crop was removed for silage. Alfalfa yields in the year after establishment showed no-till plantings to be equal to conventional planting methods. Previous cover crop did not affect alfalfa yields in the year after establishment. Alfalfa was successfully established into residue from rye and millet. Conditions were ideal for late August plantings after removing Millet for hay. Alfalfa stands were weed-free. These data indicate that alfalfa can be established with no-tillage methods into residue from interim cover crops such as rye and millet and will provide good conservation practices.Key words: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), rye, Secale cereale L., no-till, erosion control

scholarly journals Changes in Carbon Stocks and Chemical Attributes of an Oxisol as a Result of Adoption Period of No-tillage System in the Brazilian Eastern Amazon

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Edilson Carvalho Brasil ◽  
Rubia Carla Ribeiro Dantas ◽  
Mário Lopes Da Silva Júnior ◽  
Luis De Souza Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Over Time

The conversion of forest areas to grain cropping has promoted a decrease in soil organic matter stocks in the Amazon. This process is most striking when the conventional cultivation system is used. In order to evaluate the changes in soil carbon and nutrient stocks resulting from the time of adoption of the no tillage system in a dystrophic Yellow Oxisol of the Brazilian Amazon biome, a study was conducted in a grain producing area in the northeastern of Pará, Brazil. The treatments corresponded to the following systems: CT6- conventional tillage system with six years of implementation; No-tillage system with 3 (NT3), 4 (NT4) and 7 (NT7) years of implementation. All systems were always cultivated in corn / soybean rotation. Deformed and non-deformed soil samples were collected on a the 2013 crop year at 0-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm depths. Stocks of carbon (SC) and phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were calculated by using the equivalent soil mass methodology. Regardless of depth, the NT showed higher SC values than the CT. The adoption of NT showed a tendency of increasing SC of the soil over time. Such increases were up to 36% of the NT7 compared to the CT6. In NT7, the stocks of K, Ca and Mg were higher in relation to PC6. The EC correlated positively with the stocks of K, Ca and Mg in the areas under NT, regardless of the time of system adoption, up to 40 cm deep, indicating improvements in the soil fertility.

scholarly journals Soil organic matter as affected by management systems, phosphate fertilization, and cover crops

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1668-1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Géssica Pereira de Souza ◽  
Cícero Célio de Figueiredo ◽  
Djalma Martinhão Gomes de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization ◽  
Humic Fractions

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of soil management systems, cover crops, and phosphate fertilization on soil humic fractions in a long-term experiment. The treatments consisted of conventional tillage and no-tillage with pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) or velvet bean (Mucuna aterrima) as cover crops, at two doses of phosphorous: 0 and 100 kg ha-1 P2O5 per year. Soil samples were taken 11 years after the establishment of the experiment and analyzed for soil total organic carbon and carbon content of humic fractions at 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, and 0.10-0.20-m depths. The humic fractions are sensitive to soil management, except free fulvic acid, which was the only one that did not reduce its carbon contents on the surface layer (0.00-0.05 m) with conventional tillage. The main changes occurred on the soil surface layer, in which the no-tillage system with pearl millet as a cover crop provided the highest carbon levels in humic fractions. Long-term phosphate fertilization under no-tillage, with pearl millet as a cover crop, promotes the accumulation of organic carbon in soil humic fractions.

scholarly journals A Multivariate Approach to Evaluate Reduced Tillage Systems and Cover Crop Sustainability

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Felice Sartori ◽  
Ilaria Piccoli ◽  
Riccardo Polese ◽  
Antonio Berti
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Sustainability Index ◽  
Crop Sustainability

The evaluation of the effects of conservation agriculture during the transition from conventional tillage to no-tillage requires numerous indicators to be considered. For this purpose, we monitored changes in a multi-parameter dataset during a three-year experiment that combined three tillage intensities (conventional tillage—CT; minimum tillage—MT; and no tillage—NT) with three soil covering managements (tillage radish cover crop, winter wheat cover crop and bare soil). Using a multivariate analysis, we developed a Relative Sustainability Index (RSI) based on 11 physical (e.g., bulk density and penetration resistance), chemical (e.g., soil organic carbon and pH) and biological soil properties (e.g., earthworm density) to evaluate cropping systems sustainability. The RSI was most affected by tillage intensity showing higher RSI values (i.e., better performances) in reduced tillage systems. Specifically, the RSI under NT was 42% greater than that of CT and 13% greater than that of MT. Soil covering had little impact on the RSI. Among the tested parameters, the RSI was increased most by saturated hydraulic conductivity (+193%) and earthworm density (+339%) across CT and NT treatments.to. Our results suggest that conservation agriculture and, particularly, reduced tillage systems, have the potential to increase farm environmental and agronomic sustainability.

Soil cultivation, nitrogen fertilization and weeds

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
É. Lehoczky ◽  
A. Kismányoky
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Yield Curve ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Set Up

The cultivation methods used in the experiments resulted in marked differences in the weediness of maize and wheat. The least weediness was found in the conventional tillage treatment. The crucial question in the conservation and no tillage for sustainable agriculture is the weed problem, especially if the technology of weed controls is unaltered as compare to the traditional one. The lower yield in this cultivation system can be attributed to the competition of weeds. To clarify the question, investigations were carried out in the years 2005–2008 in a long-term field experiment set up on brown forest soil at the University of Pannonia, Georgikon Faculty Keszthely. The lowest yields were obtained in the wheat–maize no-tillage system in comparison to the others. This was valid at high and low levels alike (good and unfavorable years). On the average of years the yield decrease was 10–15% as compared to the traditional cultivation. In the spring survey of the weed cover (%) in the wheat trials it was found that the weed coverage increased parallel with the N fertilizer amounts, and then declined in the treatment above 200 kg N. The relation of weeds v.s. N fertilizer is similar to the second power equation of the yield curve. In case of the maize trials, there were no significant differences between the N treatments (25–30%) regarding weed coverage. The gained results call attention to the fact that with the propagation of the reduced soil cultivation systems it is necessary to modify and harmonize the practice of weed control and fertilization. Instead of the schematic weed control and fertilization process, the application of scientifically well-established methods should be urged. In sustainable agriculture the data collection of weeds, the survey of dominant species, special herbicide combinations and the means of precision agriculture have to be taken into consideration.

scholarly journals The influence of intercrop plants and the date of their ploughing-in on weed infestation of root chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) var. sativum (Bisch.) Janch.

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Marzena Błażewicz-Woźniak ◽  
Mirosław Konopiński
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
The Status ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Galinsoga Ciliata

The field experiment was carried out in 2006-2008 in the Felin Experimental Farm (University of Life Sciences in Lublin) on podzolic soil developed from dusty medium loam. Root chicory (<i>Cichorium intybus</i> L.) var. <i>sativum</i> (Bisch.) Janch. cv. Polanowicka was involved in the experiment. The experimental factors were 3 species of intercrop plants: common vetch (<i>Vicia sativa</i>), phacelia (<i>Phacelia tanacetifolia</i>), oat (<i>Avena sativa</i>) and 2 dates of ploughing-in: pre-winter and spring. In total, 26 taxons characteristic for vegetable plantations were identified in chicory weed infestation. Monocarpic species dominated, among which <i>Senecio vulgaris</i>, <i>Chenopodium album</i>, <i>Lamium amplexicaule</i>, <i>Galinsoga ciliata</i>, and <i>Capsella bursa-pastoris</i> were predominant. The date of ploughing-in did not significantly affect the status and size of weed infestation of chicory plots. Short-lived species occurred after pre-winter ploughing-in, while perennial - after spring ploughing-in. The application of intercrops significantly reduced chicory weed infestation as compared to the cultivation with no intercrop. The ploughing-in of <i>Avena sativa</i> biomass appeared to be the most efficient. The intercrop plants reduced the occurrence of <i>Senecio vulgaris</i> and <i>Capsella bursa-pastoris</i> which were the most numerous in the treatment without intercrops. Biomass of <i>Vicia sativa</i> favored the growth of <i>Chenopodium album</i> and <i>Lamium amplexicaule</i>. The secondary weed infestation did not depend on agrotechnical factors applied during the experiment.

Buckwheat Species as Summer Cover Crops for Weed Suppression in No-Tillage Vegetable Cropping Systems

Weed Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 690-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary T. Saunders Bulan ◽  
David E. Stoltenberg ◽  
Joshua L. Posner
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
N Availability ◽  
No Tillage

Buckwheat is a broadleaved annual species that is often used as a summer cover crop for its quick growth, weed suppressive ability, and ease of management. Tartary buckwheat is a species related to buckwheat, with many of the same traits valued in buckwheat as a cover crop. However, Tartary buckwheat has been reported to grow more vigorously than buckwheat, especially in cool conditions, which might fill a unique niche for vegetable farmers in Wisconsin and other northcentral states. Our research objectives were to determine the effectiveness of Tartary buckwheat relative to buckwheat for weed suppression, both during the cover-cropping phase and after cover-crop termination during cabbage production, and quantify weed suppression, soil compaction, soil nitrogen availability, and cabbage yield in no-tillage (roller-crimped or sickle-bar mowed) and conventional-tillage (rototilled) systems. Across three site-years, we found that buckwheat emerged earlier and produced 64% more shoot dry biomass than Tartary buckwheat. Pretermination weed shoot biomass (predominantlyAmaranthusandSetariaspp.) in Tartary buckwheat treatments was approximately twice that of buckwheat, and did not differ from weed shoot biomass in a control fallow treatment. Cabbage yield did not differ between cover crop species nor did yield differ between conventional-tillage cover cropped and control fallow treatments. However, weed biomass was greater, and cabbage yield was reduced, in no-tillage compared to conventional-tillage treatments. We also found evidence of greater soil compaction and less nitrate–nitrogen (NO3–N) availability in no-tillage than conventional-tillage treatments. These results suggest that Tartary buckwheat is not a suitable summer cover crop alternative to buckwheat for weed suppression prior to cabbage production.

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