scholarly journals Weed infestation in canopy of spring barley in condition of different tillage systems and fertilization and plant protection levels

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-333
Author(s):  
Piotr Kraska ◽  
Edward Pałys
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Echinochloa Crusgalli ◽  
Weed Infestation

The purpose of this work was to determine the influence of conventional tillage (fall ploughing at 25 cm) and minimum tillage systems (chisel ploughing at 30 cm) and two differentiated fertilization and plant protection levels on number, species composition and air dry weed mass in spring barley cv. Rataj. This spring barley was cultivated in crop rotation potato - spring barley - winter rye. The analysis of field infestation was made prior to spring barley harvest with quantitative- weighting method. There was estimated number of weeds, weed species composition and air dry weight of weeds in two randomly chosen areas of each plot of 0.5 m<sup>2</sup>. The density of weeds and weed air dry weight was statistically analysed by means of variance analysis, and the mean values were estimated with Tukey's confidence intervals (p=0.05). Intensive level of fertilization and chemical crop protection decreased number of monocotyledonous weeds and total weeds in canopy of spring barley. Conventional system of soil cultivation decreased in a canopy of spring barley the following species of weeds: <i>Geranium pusillum</i>, <i>Galinsoga parviflora</i>, <i>Stellaria media</i>, <i>Apera spica</i>-<i>venti</i>, <i>Poa annua</i> and <i>Echinochloa crusgalli</i>. Conventional tillage increases number of <i>Chamomilla suaveolens</i> and <i>Fallopia convolvulus</i> in a canopy of spring barley. Intensive fertilization and plant protection levels decreased weed infestation first of all through <i>Echinochloa crusgalli</i>, <i>Apera spica</i>-<i>venti</i>, <i>Fallopia convolvulus</i>, <i>Galinsoga parviflora</i>, <i>Geranium pusillum</i>, <i>Chenopodium album</i> and <i>Setaria pumila</i>.

scholarly journals The influence of tillage systems, fertilization and plant protection levels on weed infestation in winter rye cultivated on light soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Piotr Kraska ◽  
Edward Pałys
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Light Soil ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Frame Method

The purpose of this work was to determine the influence of conventional and ploughless tillage systems upon infestation in two differentiated fertilization and plant protection levels on light soil. Before harvest winter rye there was determined weed infestation of square-frame method. There were estimated weed species composition and air dry matter of weeds in two randomly selected place. Number of monocotyledonous weeds, total weeds and dry matter of weeds was higher on the objects with ploughless tillage system compared with conventional tillage. Intensive fertilization and plant protection decreased number of dicotyledonous weeds in canopy of winter rye. Conventional tillage system decreased <i>Apera spica-venti</i> occurrence in a canopy of winter rye and increased number of <i>Plantago major</i> plants. Intensive level of fertilization and plant protection decreased weed infestation first of all through <i>Matricaria maritima</i>.

scholarly journals The effect of tillage system and herbicide application on weed infestation of crops of winter spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L.) cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-184
Author(s):  
Sylwia Andruszczak ◽  
Piotr Kraska ◽  
Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe ◽  
Edward Pałys
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Spelt Wheat ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Infestation

<p>Based on a 3-year field experiment conducted on medium heavy mixed rendzina soil, the present study evaluated the effect of chemical plant protection on the species composition, number and air-dry weight of weeds infesting crops of winter spelt wheat cultivars (‘Frankenkorn’, ‘Badengold’, ‘Schwaben- speltz’, and ‘Oberkulmer Rotkorn’) sown under ploughing and ploughless tillage systems. Ploughing tillage involved skim- ming done after harvest of the previous crop and pre-sowing ploughing, while in the ploughless tillage system ploughing was replaced with cultivating. Chemical weed control included the application of the herbicides Mustang 306 SE and Attribut 70 WG. Plots where the herbicides were not used were the control treatment. On average, from 21 to 30 weed species colonised the winter spelt wheat crops compared. <em>Galium aparine </em>and <em>Apera spica-venti </em>occurred in greatest numbers and their percentage in the total number of weeds was estimated at 26–35% and 17–25%, respectively. The cultivar ‘Frankenkorn’ was the least weed-infested. Both the number of weeds in the crop of this cultivar and their above-ground dry weight were lower compared to the other cultivars. The use of reduced tillage significantly increased the air-dry weight of weeds compared to ploughing tillage. Nevertheless, it should be indicated under ploughless tillage conditions the application of chemical crop protection reduced weed biomass by 59% compared to the control treatments without crop protection.</p>

scholarly journals The effect of adjuvants and reduced rates of crop protection agents on weed infestation, health and lodging of spring barley (Hordeum sativum L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-234
Author(s):  
Cezary A. Kwiatkowski ◽  
Marian Wesołowski
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Loess Soil ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Surface Active

A field experiment in the cultivation of spring barley was carried out in the period 2007-2009 at the Experimental Farm in Czesławice (central Lublin region) on grey-brown podzolic soil derived from loess (soil quality class II). The study involved 3 rates of herbicides, growth retardant and fungicides (100%, 75%, 50%) as well as different adjuvant types (oil, surface- active, mineral adjuvant). Plots without any adjuvant were the control treatment. Conventional tillage was used, while mineral fertilization was adjusted to high initial soil nutrient availability. A hypothesis was made that the reduction of pesticide rates by 25-50%, with the simultaneous addition of adjuvants, would allow health, weed infestation and lodging of spring barley to be maintained at a level similar to that obtained under the conditions when maximum rates are applied without any adjuvant. It was also assumed that particular adjuvants could show different interactions with the tested groups of crop protection agents. It was proved that the application of full recommended rates of pesticides gave the best values of the indicators relating to weed infestation, health and lodging of spring barley. However, thanks to the addition of adjuvants to the spray solution, the application of pesticide doses reduced by 25% produced similar results. A higher reduction of pesticide rates (by 50%) had an adverse effect on the traits in question. In such case, there was noted higher weed infestation of the spring barley crop, compensation of some weed species, and increased stem-base infection by the fungal disease complex. On the other hand, less radical changes were observed in the case of spring barley lodging. The above-mentioned situation occurred in spite of the fact that the action of pesticides was aided by adjuvants. From the group of adjuvants under comparison, the oil adjuvant Atpolan 80 EC showed the best interaction with the crop protection agents under consideration.

scholarly journals Segetal Diversity in Selected Legume Crops Depending on Soil Tillage

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 635
Author(s):  
Jolanta Bojarszczuk ◽  
Janusz Podleśny
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Legume Crops ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Infestation

The aim of the paper was to determine weed infestation expressed by weeds number and weed weight and other index under a three different tillage system: no-tillage (NT), reduced tillage (RT), and ploughing tillage (CT) in two legume species crops: pea and narrowed-leaved lupine. The research proved that growing legume under no-tillage conditions caused the increasing weed infestation. Weather conditions in each of the study years were shown to influence the weed infestation. The dry weight of weeds was higher in narrow-leaved lupine by 7% in flowering stage assessment and by 6% before harvest than in pea crop. The weeds number in the conventional tillage system in the flowering stage in pea and lupine crops was 24 and 26 plants·m−2, respectively, under the reduced tillage conditions it was 33 and 29% higher, while under no-tillage it was 58 and 67% higher. In all tillage systems the dominant species were Chenopodium album L., Viola arvensis L., Anthemis arvensis L., and Cirsium arvense L. The results prove that soil tillage system affect weed infestation of legume crops.

scholarly journals Weed infestation of a spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop under the conditions of plough and ploughless tillage

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Andrzej Woźniak
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Infestation

A field experiment was conducted in the period 2007- 2009 in the Uhrusk Experimental Farm (Lublin region) belonging to the University of Life Sciences in Lublin. Different tillage systems - plough and ploughless tillage - were the experimental factors. In the plough tillage system, tillage involved skimming done after the harvest of the forecrop and autumn ploughing. In the ploughless tillage system, only the herbicide Roundup 360 SL (active substance - glyphosate) was applied after the harvest of the forecrop. In both tillage treatments, spring tillage involved field cultivating and the use of a tillage assembly consisting of a cultivator, cage roller, and harrow. The present experiment evaluated weed infestation of the crop expressed by the number and air-dry weight of weeds and their species composition. Under the conditions of ploughless tillage, air-dry weight of weeds in the spring wheat crop was shown to increase significantly compared to plough tillage. The tillage systems under comparison did not differentiate the number of weeds per 1 m<sup>2</sup>. Spring wheat sown using plough tillage was colonized most extensively by the following weed species: <i>Avena fatua</i> L., <i>Stellaria media</i> (L.) Vill., <i>Galium aparine</i> L., <i>Amaranthus retroflexus</i> L., <i>Chenopodium album</i> L., and <i>Consolida regalis</i> Gray. In the ploughless tillage treatments, the following weeds were predominant: <i>Stellaria media</i> (L.) Vill., <i>Avena fatua</i> L., <i>Fallopia convolvulus</i> (L.) A. Löve, <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> L., <i>Amaranthus retroflexus</i> L., <i>Galium aparine</i> L., and <i>Chenopodium album</i> L.

scholarly journals The effect of reduced rates of crop protection agents and adjuvants on productivity, weed infestation and health of spring barley (Hordeum sativum L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezary A. Kwiatkowski ◽  
Marian Wesołowski ◽  
Elżbieta Harasim ◽  
Dorota Gawęda, ◽  
Magda Drabowicz
Keyword(s):  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Loess Soil ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Surface Active

A field experiment on the cultivation of spring barley was carried out in the period 2009–2011 at the Experimental Farm in Czesławice (central Lublin region) on grey-brown podzolic soil derived from loess (soil quality class II). The study included 3 rates of herbicides, growth retardant and fungicides (100%, 75% and 50%) as well as different types of adjuvant (oil, surface-active, mineral). Plots without adjuvant were the control treatment. A hypothesis was made that the reduction in rates of crop protection agents by 25–50%, with the simultaneous addition of adjuvants, would allow spring barley productivity to be maintained at a level similar to that obtained under the conditions when recommended rates are applied without adjuvant. It was also assumed that particular types of adjuvant would show different interactions with specific groups of crop protection agents. It has been proved that a rational reduction in rates of crop protection agents is up to a limit of 25%, especially when an adjuvant is added to such reduced rates. This allows spring barley productivity to be maintained at the level obtained after the application of full rates (without adjuvant). But a further reduction in rates of crop protection agents by 50%, in spite of the interaction of adjuvants, results in a significant deterioration of all spring barley yield components, since such conditions lead to increased occurrence of agricultural pests (weeds, fungal diseases) as well as increased crop lodging. Among the group of adjuvants tested in the present experiment, the oil adjuvant Atpolan 80 EC showed the best interaction with crop protection agents used.

scholarly journals Improving the technology of protection of winter rape from pests in West Polesie

2018 ◽  
pp. 150-161
Author(s):  
N. Sekun ◽  
E. Snijok
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Winter Rapeseed ◽  
Productivity Indicators

Changes in the contamination of winter rapeseed crops have been induced depending on the main tillage system in Western Polesye. The effectiveness of the Lontrell 300 herbicide against annual weed species and its influence on the qualitative and quantitative structure of weed infestation were studied. The possibility of reliable plant protection against rapeseed flower beetle and seed stowage is brought by spraying with Mospilan at the beginning of flowering. Reliable protection of rape from Alternaria is achieved by using the fungicide Colosal Pro. It has been reported that the crop protection system, which includes tillage and chemical protection, contributes to the improvement of plant productivity indicators and overall increase in yield.

scholarly journals Sowing time affects the abundance of pests and weeds in winter rye

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. HUUSELA-VEISTOLA ◽  
H. JALLI ◽  
J. SALONEN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Habit ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Late Sowing

Selection of an appropriate sowing time for some winter rye (Secale cereale) cultivars could reduce the need for crop protection measures. In this study the occurrence and status of pests and weeds in relation to sowing time and growth habit of winter rye was studied in southern Finland. This was done using three sowing times and four rye varieties in field trials conducted at three locations in 1999–2001. The early sown rye was severely affected by pests (Oscinella frit, Mayetiola destructor) and weeds, whereas postponing sowing for two weeks after the recommended sowing time in late August resulted in considerably less damage and the optimal establishment of crop stands. The German hybrid varieties Picasso and Esprit produced more tillers m-2 in autumn than the Finnish varieties Anna and Bor 7068. However, the number of pests and weeds did not differ among rye varieties. Late sowing of rye should be considered to minimize the need for plant protection. If rye is sown at the recommended time it may still require insecticide treatments promptly in the autumn whereas herbicide treatment need not be determined until spring, after recording the winter mortality of weeds.;

scholarly journals Efficiency of crop rotation under long-term application of basic tillage systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
N. V. Perfilyev ◽  
O. A. Vyushina
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Tillage Systems

An assessment is given of the long-term impact of basic tillage systems of various degrees of intensity on the yield and economic efficiency of production in the cultivation of cereals in grainfallow crop rotation. The study was carried out in 2017–2019 in a long-term stationary experiment on dark grey forest heavy loamy soil in Tyumen region. The experiments were carried out during the seventh rotation of the grain-fallow crop rotation: bare fallow – winter rye – spring wheat – spring wheat – spring barley, spread in time and space. In years with high temperatures and good rainfall, close to the average annual rainfall, resource-saving tillage systems with disk harrowing BDT-2.5 by 10-12 cm and stubble-mulch tillage by 12-14 cm with and without fertilizers led to a decrease in winter rye yield by 0.30-0.98 t/ha. Wheat yield against winter rye and barley was close to the variant with the moldboard tillage. There was a decrease in the yield of wheat sown repeatedly without the use of fertilizers by 0.04-0.40 t/ha. When fertilizers were used, the yield was equal to the control. The moldboard tillage without fertilizers was the most effective, with the net income of 14.92 thousand rubles/ha. Combined and surface soil tillage systems were similar in efficiency to the moldboard tillage (inferior by 4.3-6.6%). The most effective cultivation of cereals with the use of fertilizers was by minimum combined tillage with alternating plowing and disk harrowing, with the net income of 17.74 thousand rubles/ha, which was 13.4% higher compared to moldboard plowing. Differentiated, stubble-mulch and combined tillage brought the net income close to the control. In the remaining options studied, the net income was lower than with the moldboard tillage: without fertilizers – by 1.26-2.44 thousand rubles/ha (8.5-16.3%), with the use of fertilizers – by 1.02-1.78 thousand rubles/ha (6.5-9.0%).

scholarly journals Agrophysical and agrochemical properties of dark grey forest soils under different systems of basic tillage

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
N. V. Perfilyev ◽  
O. A. Vyushina
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Nutrient Regime ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Bare Fallow

The effect of long-term use of different systems of basic tillage of dark grey forest soils on the agrophysical properties, nutrient regime and yield of grain crops in grain-fallow crop rotations was determined. The study was carried out in the conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals in a stationary experiment in 1996-2018. The traditional moldboard and resource-saving systems of basic tillage were studied. The experiment took place during the third-sixth rotations of two grain-fallow crop rotations spread in time and space: bare fallow - winter rye - spring wheat - spring vetch - spring barley; bare fallow - winter rye - spring wheat - spring wheat - spring barley. When cultivating a grain crop that completes a grain-fallow crop rotation, in the fourth field after the fallow with a legume forecrop (spring vetch), it is advisable to use systems of basic tillage with elements of minimization. These include non-moldboard and combined tillage with subsurface loosening by a plow with SibIME tines to a depth of 20-22 cm differentiated with stubble-mulch at 12-14 cm and disk harrowing at 10-12 cm. The studied tillage systems ensured the conditions of the water regime, soil composition and nutritional regime close to the moldboard tillage system. The yield of barley almost equal to the moldboard system was formed: against the background of natural land fertility - 2.97-3.03 t/ha, with the use of N40P40P40 - 3.47-3.65 t/ha. Application of tillage systems with minimization elements in a grain-fallow crop rotation without planting a leguminous crop with a given crop for a repeated grain crop (wheat) led to the following results. Productive moisture availability in the soil layer 0-1.0 m decreased by 8.6-28.0%, the nutrient regime worsened significantly, especially nitrogen (by 15.5-43.8%) and phosphorus (by 39.1-51.1%), with the negative differentiation of soil fertility, and reduction of grain yield by 0.09-0.40 t/ha.

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