scholarly journals Weed infestation of a spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop under the conditions of plough and ploughless tillage

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Andrzej Woźniak
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Infestation

A field experiment was conducted in the period 2007- 2009 in the Uhrusk Experimental Farm (Lublin region) belonging to the University of Life Sciences in Lublin. Different tillage systems - plough and ploughless tillage - were the experimental factors. In the plough tillage system, tillage involved skimming done after the harvest of the forecrop and autumn ploughing. In the ploughless tillage system, only the herbicide Roundup 360 SL (active substance - glyphosate) was applied after the harvest of the forecrop. In both tillage treatments, spring tillage involved field cultivating and the use of a tillage assembly consisting of a cultivator, cage roller, and harrow. The present experiment evaluated weed infestation of the crop expressed by the number and air-dry weight of weeds and their species composition. Under the conditions of ploughless tillage, air-dry weight of weeds in the spring wheat crop was shown to increase significantly compared to plough tillage. The tillage systems under comparison did not differentiate the number of weeds per 1 m<sup>2</sup>. Spring wheat sown using plough tillage was colonized most extensively by the following weed species: <i>Avena fatua</i> L., <i>Stellaria media</i> (L.) Vill., <i>Galium aparine</i> L., <i>Amaranthus retroflexus</i> L., <i>Chenopodium album</i> L., and <i>Consolida regalis</i> Gray. In the ploughless tillage treatments, the following weeds were predominant: <i>Stellaria media</i> (L.) Vill., <i>Avena fatua</i> L., <i>Fallopia convolvulus</i> (L.) A. Löve, <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> L., <i>Amaranthus retroflexus</i> L., <i>Galium aparine</i> L., and <i>Chenopodium album</i> L.

scholarly journals Present and potential weed infestation of spring cereals in different cropping system

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-190
Author(s):  
Andrzej Wesołowski ◽  
Andrzej Woźniak
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Weed Infestation

This paper presents the results of investigations on the weed infestation and vertical distribution of weed seed bank in rendzina under spring cereals cultivation in crop rotations and monoculture. Used herbicides (MCPA and <i>fenoxaprop-P-etylu</i>) decreased the number of weeds and species composition in comparison with harrowing. In the soil layer of 0-25 cm used in the monoculture there was found about 22,9% weed seeds more than in crop rotation. In the canopy of spring cereals the following weeds dominated: in crop rotation - <i>Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus-galli and Veronica persica; and in monoculture - Stellaria media, Galium aparine</i> and <i>Chenopodium album</i>. In the soil layer of 0-25 cm used in crop rotation and monoculture the following weed seeds dominated : <i>Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album</i> and <i>Stellaria media</i>.

scholarly journals The effect of tillage system and herbicide application on weed infestation of crops of winter spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L.) cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-184
Author(s):  
Sylwia Andruszczak ◽  
Piotr Kraska ◽  
Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe ◽  
Edward Pałys
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Spelt Wheat ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Infestation

<p>Based on a 3-year field experiment conducted on medium heavy mixed rendzina soil, the present study evaluated the effect of chemical plant protection on the species composition, number and air-dry weight of weeds infesting crops of winter spelt wheat cultivars (‘Frankenkorn’, ‘Badengold’, ‘Schwaben- speltz’, and ‘Oberkulmer Rotkorn’) sown under ploughing and ploughless tillage systems. Ploughing tillage involved skim- ming done after harvest of the previous crop and pre-sowing ploughing, while in the ploughless tillage system ploughing was replaced with cultivating. Chemical weed control included the application of the herbicides Mustang 306 SE and Attribut 70 WG. Plots where the herbicides were not used were the control treatment. On average, from 21 to 30 weed species colonised the winter spelt wheat crops compared. <em>Galium aparine </em>and <em>Apera spica-venti </em>occurred in greatest numbers and their percentage in the total number of weeds was estimated at 26–35% and 17–25%, respectively. The cultivar ‘Frankenkorn’ was the least weed-infested. Both the number of weeds in the crop of this cultivar and their above-ground dry weight were lower compared to the other cultivars. The use of reduced tillage significantly increased the air-dry weight of weeds compared to ploughing tillage. Nevertheless, it should be indicated under ploughless tillage conditions the application of chemical crop protection reduced weed biomass by 59% compared to the control treatments without crop protection.</p>

scholarly journals The effect of different agrotechnical levels on weed infestation in crops of naked and husked varieties of oat (Avena sativa L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
Sylwia Andruszczak ◽  
Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe ◽  
Piotr Kraska ◽  
Edward Pałys
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Control Object ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
The City ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control

The present study was carried out in the period 2007- 2009 in the Experimental Farm in Bezek near the city of Chełm. The aim of the investigation was to compare weed infestation of the husked (Krezus) and naked (Cacko) oat cultivars cultivated under conditions of different weed control treatments. The following weed control levels were compared: A - control object; B - harrowing twice; C - application of the herbicide Mustang 306 SE; D - herbicide Mustang 306 SE + foliar fertilizer Insol 3; E - herbicide Mustang 306 SE + two foliar fertilizers: Insol 3 and FoliCare 18:18:18. The husked oat cv. Krezus was more competitive against weeds. Number of dicotyledonous weeds and of monocotyledonous weeds, total weeds, and air-dry weight of above-ground parts of weeds in the crop of this cultivar were all significantly lower compared to the naked cv. Cacko. From the group of dicotyledonous species, <i>Chenopodium album</i>, <i>Galinsoga parviflora</i>, <i>Matricaria maritima</i> ssp. <i>inodora</i>, <i>Polygonum aviculare</i>, and <i>Stellaria media</i> were the dominant species in the crops of the oat varieties under investigation, whereas among the monocotyledonous species <i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i>, <i>Setaria pumila</i>, <i>Apera spica-venti</i>, and <i>Elymus repens</i> occurred in greatest numbers. The application of the herbicide Mustang 306 SE decreased the number of dicotyledonous weeds and air-dry weight of weeds, compared to the treatment in which mechanical weed control had been used.

scholarly journals Weed infestation of soft spring wheat crops depending on the soil tillage system

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
A. L. Pakul ◽  
N. A. Lapshinov ◽  
V. N. Pakul ◽  
G. V. Bozhanova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
System Control ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the results of the study on the influence of various tillage systems on the weed infestation of soft spring wheat of the Siberian Alliance variety. The study was carried out in a long-term stationary experiment (20152019) preceded by bare and green-manured fallow (rapeseed, melilot) in Kemerovo region. The soil of the experimental plot is classified as leached, medium-textured, medium-humus, heavy-loam chernozem. The following soil tillage systems were studied: deep moldboard, deep combined, minimum combined and minimum moldboard. Weather conditions during the research period were varied. Insufficient water supply during the first vegetation period of soft spring wheat (seedlings – leaf-tube formation) was noted in 2015-2017, with HTC (hydrothermal coefficient) being from 0.37 to 0.56. Excessive water content was observed in 2018 (HTC = 2.41) and moderate hydration – in 2019 (HTC = 1.12). Weed infestation was different in the conditions of each year. The impact of the soil tillage system on the number of weeds during the growing season of common spring wheat accounted for 21.6-90.4%, and their share in the total aboveground mass of the phytocenosis was 39.9-68.3%. The segetal flora in soft spring wheat crops is represented by monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species with all the studied tillage systems. The highest density of weed vegetation during the tillering phase of soft spring wheat was recorded with deep moldboard soil tillage system (control). A reduction in weed infestation by 2.3 times compared to the control was noted with minimum moldboard soil tillage system preceded by bare fallow, 1.6 times – preceded by green-manured fallow with rapeseed, and 1.7 times – preceded by green-manured fallow with melilot. The same trend was observed in the proportion of weeds in the total aboveground mass of the phytocenosis during the wax ripeness phase of soft spring wheat with deep moldboard tillage system (4.3%), deep combined (3.9), minimum combined (4.1), minimum moldboard (2.6%).

scholarly journals Competitive relationships between sugar beet and weeds in dependence on time of weed control

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 108-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jursík ◽  
J. Holec ◽  
J. Soukup ◽  
V. Venclová
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Fumaria Officinalis

Small plot trials were carried out in years 2001–2003 with sugar beet. In the treatment without weed control, dry weight of sugar beet top and LAI of sugar beet were very low (approx. 50 g/m<sup>2</sup> and 0.5 m<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively). Yield loss of sugar beet was 80–93%. Dominant weeds were <I>Chenopodium album, Fumaria officinalis</I> and <I>Galium aparine</I>. In the treatments where weeds were removed (by hand) until 4 leaf stage of sugar beet, dry weight of sugar beet top and LAI of sugar beet at first increased normally, but were markedly decreased from the half of the vegetation period. Yield loss of sugar beet was 54–28%. Dominant weed in this treatment was <I>Amaranthus retroflexus</I>. The development of sugar beet top dry weight and LAI of sugar beet was practically identical in the treatments where weeds were removed until 8–10 leaf stage of the crop and in those where weeds were removed during the whole vegetation period (500–900 g/m<sup>2</sup>, or 4–7 m<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively). No yield loss of sugar beet was recorded. Dry weight of weeds did not exceed 30 g/m<sup>2</sup> and LAI 0.1 m<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>. <I>A. retroflexus</I> and <I>Mercurialis annua</I> were the most frequent weeds in this treatment.

scholarly journals Grain sorghum productivity depending on herbicide application

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 (11) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Kurdyukova ◽  
A. Baranovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Weed Infestation

Abstract. The purpose of the work is to establish the effectiveness of weed in control in crops of grain sorghum with herbicides of soil and leaf action. Scientific novelty. For the first time in sorghum crops for weed control, effective combinations of soil and leaf herbicides have been identified. Methods. Experiments were carried out on the black soils of steppe zone Ukraine. Research methods are generally accepted. The control options were herbicide-free and weed-free. Results. At tillering stage the number of weeds in sorghum crops reached 141 pieces/m2 and their air-dry weight was 218 g/m2. Green amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus), fat hen (Chenopodium album), field mustard (Sinapis arvensis), ragweed ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), bristlegrass (Setaria viridis) were dominant in the crops. The use of foliar-applied herbicides such as Agritox (1 l/ha), Ballerina (0.4 l/ha), Dialen Super (0.7 l/ha) in the stage of three-five leaves and a pre sowing soil-applied herbicide Primextra Gold (3 l/ha) ensured the maximum reduction of weed infestation of grain sorghum crops. The number of weeds with the use of these herbicides decreased by 10.4–19.7 times, and their weight decreased by 4.1–4.8 times in comparison with the options without the use of weed control measures. The conditions for plant growth and development were improved due to the reduction of weed infestation of grain sorghum crops. The growing period of the crop reduced from 125 to 114 days, the height of plants increased by 19–21 cm and their weight increased by 2.7–2.8 times. The sorghum grain yield reached 6.32–6.34 t/ha, which was higher than with the options without the use of weed control measures by 4.01–4.30 t/ha or 3.0–3.1 times. The same results were obtained in production conditions.

scholarly journals Changes in weed infestation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under conditions of strip intercropping and different weed control methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Głowacka
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Strip Intercropping

The experiment was conducted in the years 2004-2006 in a private farm in the village of Frankamionka in Zamość district. There were two experimental factors: I. Cultivation methods - sole cropping and strip intercropping; and II. Tending methods - mechanical, mechanical-chemical, and chemical weed control. The subject of the study was weed infestation of the Mela variety of common bean. Beans were sown between 30 April and 5 May. Weed infestation was assessed in the last week before harvesting by determining its floristic composition and the frequency of occurrence of particular weed species, as well as the air-dry weight of weeds. The dominant weed species were <i>Galinsoga parviflora</i>, <i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i>, <i>Chenopodium album</i>, and <i>Amaranthus retroflexus</i>, which comprised 84.7% of the total number of weeds. Strip intercropping markedly reduced the number of weeds per unit area (by 50%), as well as the dry weight of their aerial parts. The most effective method of weed control was the mechanical-chemical method, which resulted in the lowest occurrence of weeds. It also significantly reduced the weight of weeds.

Influence à long terme du travail du sol sur la densité des levées d'adventices en situation de non désherbage

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 919-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Dessaint ◽  
R. Chadoeuf ◽  
G. Barralis
Keyword(s):  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Alopecurus Myosuroides ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Term Evolution

The sprouting of weeds was followed over a 9-year period (1977 – 1978 to 1985 – 1986) in a triennial rotation alternating between two spring cultures (barley–pea) and one winter culture (wheat) grown on two agricultural plots. The plots, one superficially worked while the other tilled, did not undergo any weeding treatment. A simultaneous increase in sprouting was observed in both plots at the beginning of the second rotation. However, this increase was greater on the superficially worked plot. The modifications within the adventitious community are qualitative in the first rotation, but become essentially quantitative at the beginning of the second rotation. Some species increase in density (Alopecurus myosuroides, Avena fatua, Galium aparine, Fallopia convolvulus, Sinapis arvensis, Thlaspi arvense) while others decrease (Amaranthus retroflexus, Kickxia spuria, Stellaria media). Key words: community, long term evolution, factorial analysis of correspondences, weeds. [Journal translation]

scholarly journals Weed infestation of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) under different tillage systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Gawęda ◽  
Rafał Cierpiała ◽  
Elżbieta Harasim ◽  
Marian Wesołowski ◽  
Karol Bujak
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Direct Drilling

Direct drilling is one of the methods to reduce tillage costs. Low labor intensity of this system also makes it possible to grow crops in locations where it is a problem to maintain optimal sowing time. However, the use of no-tillage can cause increased weed infestation of crop plants and as a consequence a decline in crop yields. The present study investigated the effect of two tillage systems, plough tillage and direct drilling, on the species composition, density and air-dry weight of weeds in crops of two soybean cultivars (‘Aldana’ and ‘Augusta’). A three-year field experiment was set up on loess-derived gray-brown podzolic soil. The study showed that the use of direct drilling for soybean cropping resulted in a significant increase in the density and dry weight of weeds relative to plough tillage. The study also found richer floristic composition of weeds and an increase in the numbers of dominant species under no-tillage conditions. <em>Elymus repens</em>, <em>Echinochloa crus-galli</em> and <em>Chenopodium album</em> were dominant weed species in all experimental treatments. <em>Chenopodium album</em> and <em>Galinsoga parviflora</em> were characterized by the highest constancy (constancy classes V and IV) in crops of both soybean cultivars, whereas <em>Echinochloa crus-galli</em> showed the highest constancy value in the ‘Aldana’ crop. Under direct drilling, most weed species were found to exhibit higher constancy compared to plough tillage.

scholarly journals Plant communities of cereals with respect to the location of field in mountain region

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Ewa Stupnicka-Rodzynkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Pronounced Effect ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Centaurea Cyanus ◽  
Weed Infestation

Studies on weed infestation of cereals with respect to the location of the field under various mountain conditions (bottom ofthe valley, slopes with different exposure, local top area) were carried out in the central part of the Dunajec valley in the Beskidy Mountains. Plant communities on the slopes and top area contained more species than those in the bottom of the valley. Coverage of soil by weeds on the slopes was also higher. However, slope exposure had no pronounced effect on the differentiation of weed composition. Dominating species in all area where the studies were carried out were: <em>Stellaria media, Galium aparine, Centaurea cyanus, Apera spica-venti and Cirsium arvense</em>.

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