scholarly journals Comparison of pollen concentration of selected tree taxa in Lublin and in the Roztocze region (SE Poland). The results of three monitoring methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 355-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena A. Pidek ◽  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Krystyna Piotrowska
Keyword(s):  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Pollen Concentration ◽  
Great Similarity ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Pollen Monitoring ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Research Period ◽  
Very High

Anemophilous trees of <i>Betula</i> and <i>Alnus</i> genera produce very high amount of easily spreading pollen. <i>Carpinus</i> and i discharge lower amount of pollen to the atmosphere. Trees belonging to the mentioned genera occur in vegetation cover of Lublin and the Roztocze region where the comparative studies were carried out in the years 1998-2004. The objective of these studies was to determine pollen concentration of four tree taxa in these study areas located 120 km apart. Annual pollen sums, obtained by means of three methods, were compared in order to find similarity of alternating high and low pollen production by trees in particular years. In the Roztocze region the studies were continued during the mentioned seven years as a part of Pollen Monitoring Programme, which provides multi-annual data for the palaeoecological reconstructions of Quaternary and the interpretations of phenologic-climatic nature. Standard Tauber traps were used in the Roztocze area. In Lublin the gravimetric method was used in the years 1999-2000, and the volumetric method - in the years 2001- 2004. Similar trends were found in Lublin and in the Roztocze region as to the concentrations in the air of pollen of the mentioned four taxa in particular years of the research period. <i>Betula</i> and <i>Alnus</i> discharged the greatest amount of pollen. In 1999 the great similarity of annual pollen sums of three taxa was recorded by means of the gravimetric method in all measurement points. <i>Fagus</i> was an exception, as its pollen concentration was much higher in the Roztocze region than in Lublin. In the case of <i>Carpinus</i> the enhanced pollen concentration was recorded in both study areas in 2002, and the highest concentration of <i>Fagus</i> occurred in 2003. During several years of studies we recorded great similarity of the obtained results in two study areas far apart.

scholarly journals Results of pollen monitoring and features of seasonal allergic rhinitis in Samara

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
M V Manzhos ◽  
K Y Bahentsev ◽  
L R Khabibulina ◽  
N V Vlasova ◽  
L M Kavelenova
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Pollen Monitoring ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
Number Of Patients

Background. The objective was to study the taxonomic diversity of the concentration of pollen, its changes and peculiarities of the course of seasonal allergic rhinitis in Samara city. Methods. Pollen was located with gravimetric method on the glass, covered with a special mixture. Clinical and allergological examination conducted among 775 children aged from 5 to 18 years and 692 adults with symptoms of rhinitis. Results. Registered three periods of increase of concentration of pollen: spring period, summer period and summer-autumn period. The major taxa in the spring was pollen Populus - 49% and Betula - 27% during this period. In the summer period dominated pollen was Pinus - 37%, Poaceae - 28% and Betula - 22%. In summer-autumn period prevailed pollen grains Ambrosia - 63% and Artemisia - 10%, of the total number of pollen grains for this period. Clinical and allergological studies have shown that the proportion of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis is 78% among the total number of patients with allergic rhinitis. Isolated form of seasonal allergic rhinitis was diagnosed in 22% of children and in 20% of adults. Patients of this group are allergic to pollen, weeds and compositae revealed in 68%, trees - 20%, cereals - 12% of cases. Conclusion. Qualitative and quantitative composition of aeropalynologic spectrum was established and showed the peculiarities of the course of seasonal allergic rhinitis in Samara city.

scholarly journals Nine-year record of Alnus pollen deposition in the Roztocze region (SE Poland) with relation to vegetation data

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena A. Pidek
Keyword(s):  
Ground Level ◽  
Pollen Deposition ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Pollen Monitoring ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Distance Transport

Pollen deposition of alder has been measured at ground level by means of nine modifi ed Tauber traps in different plant communities according to rules of the Pollen Monitoring Programme (http://pmp.oulu.fi ). The series of data covers the period 1998-2006. The area under investigation is situated in the Roztocze (surroundings of the Guciów village) within the protective zone of the Roztocze National Park. During nine years of monitoring, significant variations were observed between single years of deposition. The occurrence of peak years (1998, 2001, 2003 and 2006) connected with higher production of <i>Alnus</i> pollen was observed at many pollen monitoring sites, but its relationship with different proportions of alder within the surrounding vegetation seems rather weak. The average value of annual pollen deposition of <i>Alnus</i> for the whole region was calculated at ca. 1370 grains &#8226; cm<sup>-2</sup>. At the sites situated within the open landscape, pollen influx values ranged from 442 (in 2005) to 6894 (in 1998). It seems that other factors than the proportion of alder within the vegetation control the deposition of <i>Alnus</i> pollen. Long-distance transport and meteorological factors such as wind speed and direction should be taken into account in future studies.

scholarly journals Deforestation risk in the Peruvian Amazon basin

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Eduardo Rojas ◽  
Brian R Zutta ◽  
Yessenia K Velazco ◽  
Javier G Montoya-Zumaeta ◽  
Montserrat Salvà-Catarineu
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Very High

Summary The prevention of tropical forest deforestation is essential for mitigating climate change. We tested the machine learning algorithm Maxent to predict deforestation across the Peruvian Amazon. We used official annual 2001–2019 deforestation data to develop a predictive model and to test the model’s accuracy using near-real-time forest loss data for 2020. Distance from agricultural land and distance from roads were the predictor variables that contributed most to the final model, indicating that a narrower set of variables contribute nearly 80% of the information necessary for prediction at scale. The permutation importance indicating variable information not present in the other variables was also highest for distance from agricultural land and distance from roads, at 40.5% and 14.3%, respectively. The predictive model registered 73.2% of the 2020 early alerts in a high or very high risk category; less than 1% of forest cover in national protected areas were registered as very high risk, but buffer zones were far more vulnerable, with 15% of forest cover being in this category. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use 19 years of annual data for deforestation risk. The open-source machine learning method could be applied to other forest regions, at scale, to improve strategies for reducing future deforestation.

scholarly journals Analysis of changes in Betula pollen season start including the cycle of pollen concentration in atmospheric air

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256466
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kubik-Komar ◽  
Krystyna Piotrowska-Weryszko ◽  
Izabela Kuna-Broniowska ◽  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Bogusław Michał Kaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Season ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Birch Pollen ◽  
Volumetric Method ◽  
Pollen Concentration ◽  
Pollen Monitoring ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Start Dates ◽  
Linear Trends

Birch belongs to the most important allergenic taxa in Europe, therefore information on the start dates of the pollen season is very important for allergists and their patients as well as for climatologists. The study examined changes in the start of the birch pollen season as well as determined the trend of these changes. Pollen monitoring was performed in Lublin (eastern Poland) in the period 2001–2019 using the volumetric method. The Makra-test was used to detect periods with significantly higher or lower average of the onset than the average for the whole dataset. Two significant falls in the average of the pollen season start were found in 2007 and 2014. Besides, taking into account the 2-3-year rhythm of high and low concentrations of birch pollen in the atmospheric air, linear trends were fitted for the subsets of high and low abundance seasons. Significant changes in Betula pollen season start dates were only determined for the highly abundance seasons, while the results for seasons with a low concentration did not allow rejecting the hypothesis about the lack of a linear trend in the changes in the studied parameter. Moreover, a significant polynomial relationship was found between the beginning of a pollen season and the average values of monthly temperatures preceded a season. These analyses show that the start dates of the Betula pollen season are getting significantly earlier. The dynamics of changes differ between seasons with high and low concentrations of pollen.

Forest fire monitoring using NOAA satellite AVHRR

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 975-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Flannigan ◽  
T. H. Vonder Haar
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Forest Service ◽  
Fire Size ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
North Central ◽  
Fire Monitoring ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Remaining Time ◽  
Very High ◽  
Fire Outbreak

The feasibility of using the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) carried by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) series of satellites to monitor forest fires was tested during a severe fire outbreak in north central Alberta between June 12 and June 21, 1982. A multispectral technique used AVHRR channels 3 and 4 to identify fires and estimate fire size. This multispectral approach enabled identification of subpixel-sized fires as small as 1 ha. During the study, fires were obscured from satellite view by the presence of cloud and smoke 59% of the time. In the remaining time, 80% of the fires listed by the Alberta Forest Service were identified by satellite. Satellite observations of forest fires are not sufficiently accurate to replace existing monitoring methods, but they are of value in providing a rapid, inexpensive supplement, especially in remote forested areas.

scholarly journals Spatial differentiation of airborne arboreal pollen in Lublin (Poland)

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-341
Author(s):  
Krystyna Piotrowska-Weryszko ◽  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Sampling Device ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Pollen Monitoring ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Arboreal Pollen ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
Positive Correlations

The study compared the occurrence of airborne pollen of 7 arboreal taxa (<em>Corylus</em>, <em>Alnus</em>, Cupressaceae/Taxaceae, <em>Populus</em>, <em>Fraxinus</em>, <em>Betula</em> and <em>Carpinus</em>) during the period 2007–2009 from two sites in Lublin city, SE Poland. The sites differed in the character of building development and surrounding vegetation. Pollen monitoring was conducted by the volumetric method using two Hirst-type samplers. Daily and intradiurnal pollen counts were determined. For all the taxa, Spearman’s test revealed statistically significant positive correlations between daily pollen fluctuations at two sites. Nevertheless, the Mann–Whitney <em>U</em>-test showed differences for Cupressaceae/Taxaceae, <em>Fraxinus</em>, <em>Populus</em> and <em>Corylus</em> between sites. The intradiurnal pattern of pollen concentration was characterized by high variation. Cupressaceae/Taxaceae and <em>Populus</em>, clearly differed in hourly pollen concentrations at both sites. Moreover, in the case of <em>Betula</em> and <em>Alnus</em> it was shown that a part of pollen recorded in Lublin can originate from long-distance transport. High pollen concentrations can be expected at different hours of the day. The lowest average pollen concentrations at both sites were found during morning hours at 5 and 6 a.m. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that data from a single pollen-sampling device are not representative of some taxa in the particular districts of the city. Average data obtained from at least two pollen samplers could provide optimum results.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of unemployment and inflation in Mexico

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Alberto Merced Castro-Valencia
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Productive Activity ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Panel Regressions ◽  
Monetary Regime ◽  
Individual Economy ◽  
Very High

The article examines, based on panel regressions, the long-term relationship between inflation and economic growth based on information for 70 countries and annual data for 1950-2010 The results do not find evidence of a significant trade-off between in fl ation and long-term growth for this sample and period, except if national experiences with average annual in fl ations above the annual 65% threshold are included. That is, outside regimes with persistently very high rates of inflation, there is no systematic or significant inverse relationship between inflation and the growth rate of productive activity. The absence of such long-term trade-off for the aggregate panel is far from implying that for any individual economy the inflation undermines its growth only if it exceeds the 65% per annum The analysis by groups of countries reveals that the value of the threshold of significance is a function of the current monetary regime.

scholarly journals Airborne birch pollen in Poland and Latvia in the light of data obtained from aerobiological monitoring and tauber traps in relation to mean air temperature

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena A. Pidek ◽  
Katarzyna Piotrowska ◽  
Bogusław M. Kaszewski ◽  
Laimdota Kalnina ◽  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Birch Pollen ◽  
Pollen Deposition ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Pollen Monitoring ◽  
Pollen Emission ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Pollen Seasons

Birch pollen contains allergens belonging to those with the strongest allergenic properties. In order to trace pollen season patterns of this taxon and pollen annual sums at a wider regional scale, cooperation was established with the University of Latvia in Riga (Latvia). A comparison of the results obtained in the years 2003-2008 in Lublin and in Riga, using volumetric samplers, shows that there was a similar trend in the abundance of birch pollen. The highest sums were noted at both sites in 2003. In all the study years, more birch pollen grains were recorded in Lublin than in Riga, on the average by 7110. The birch pollen seasons started earlier in Lublin than in Riga, on the average by 6 days, and they ended earlier in Lublin, on the average by 18 days. In Riga the birch pollen seasons were longer and less abundant than in Lublin. In addition, in both the regions, i.e. in SE Poland (the Roztocze area) and in Latvia (the area of Marupe near Riga, Taurene, Teici and Rucava), there is pollen data series available obtained from annual pollen deposition monitoring conducted using the modified Tauber traps. These pollen counts have been carried out under the Pollen Monitoring Programme (http://pmp.oulu.fi) since 1998. The 11- year data series in Roztocze and the 10-year data series in Latvia allowed the trends in the occurrence of years of abundant or poor birch pollen release to be traced. In Roztocze maximum Betula pollen deposition occurred in the year 2003, in Latvia - in 1999. The absence of a significant correlation between SE Poland and Latvia with regard to the trends in the occurrence of years of abundant <i>Betula</i> pollen deposition induced the authors to seek climatic factors responsible for increased birch pollen production. The analysis of the Spearman's rank correlation coefficients between annual <i>Betula</i> pollen sums in Roztocze and mean air temperature in June, July and August in the year preceding pollen emission as well as in spring (January-April) of the year of pollen emission showed a statistically significant negative correlation with air temperature in February of the year of pollen emission.

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