scholarly journals Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek)-mediated suppression of Meloidogyne javanica in mungbean

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayyaba Zia ◽  
Imran A. Siddiqui ◽  
Syed S. Shaukat ◽  
Syed Nazaru-Hasnai
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Soil Suppressiveness ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Population Numbers

Soil amendments with powdered seeds of <i>Trigonella foenum - graecum</i> (fenugreek) caused soil suppressiveness against <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i>. Decomposed seeds of fenugreek caused marked reduction in nematode population densities and subsequent root-knot development as compared to the aqueous extract of the seeds indicating that some indirect factors are involved in the suppression of root-knot nematode. Both decomposed seeds and aqueous extracts enhanced plant height and fresh weights of shoot whereas root growth remained uninfluenced. Changes in fungal communities associated with nematode control were studied by comparing population numbers of fungi in the soil and in internal root tissues (endorhiza) in non-amended and fenugreekamended soils. <i>Acremonium</i> sp., <i>Chaetomium globosum, Fusarium solani, Macrophomina phaseolina</i> and <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> were found to colonize inner root tissues of mungbean. <i>Acremonium</i> sp., <i>C. globosum</i> and <i>F.solani</i> were isolated in a relatively higher frequency from roots growing in the amended soils while <i>M. phaseolina</i> and <i>R. solani</i> colonized greatly in roots growing in non-amended soil. Of the fungi isolated from soils, <i>Penicillium brefaldianum</i> caused maximum juvenile mortality of <i>M.javanica</i> whereas <i>F.solani</i> caused greatest inhibition of egg hatch.

scholarly journals Inhibitory effects of salicylic acid on Meloidogyne javanica reproduction in tomato plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Moslemi ◽  
Seddigheh Fatemy ◽  
Françoise Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Soil Drench

<p>Root-knot nematodes (<em>Meloidogyne</em> spp.), play a major role in loss of agricultural production<strong>. </strong>Natural substances<strong>,</strong> such as salicylic acid (SA) could possibly be involved in inducing host plant resistance against nematodes. The present study is concerned with exploring the effects of varying concentrations of SA as seed priming and soil drench on tomato growth parameters and the reproduction of the root-knot nematode <em>Meloidogyne javanica</em>. SA at 50 μM concentration caused only 2% of juvenile mortality under in vitro conditions. SA applied as 50 μM seed treatment caused 95% and, as a soil drench, 78% reduction in the number of egg masses that formed on tomato plants. The numbers of galls were reduced to a lesser extent. Final nematode density per gram of soil was reduced to less than 1 by the 50 μM SA seed treatment, and in other treatments decreased by between 70 and 88% compared with control plants. Our results indicate SA has potential to lower root knot nematode reproduction in tomato, and seed priming is a fairly easy method to work with.</p>

scholarly journals Efficacy of the Fungus Verticillium lecanii for Suppressing Root-knot Nematode Egg Numbers on Cantaloupe Roots

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L.F. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Verticillium Lecanii ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Granule Formulation ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Population Numbers

Two strains of the fungus Verticillium lecanii (A. Zimmermann) Viégas were studied as potential biocontrol agents for root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood) on cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.). For the study, pots were filled with soil that had been inoculated with M. incognita (inoculum was applied at two levels: 1000 and 5000 eggs/pot). Each fungus strain was applied individually by pouring an aqueous suspension (made from a wettable granule formulation) into the inoculated soil. Controls received water only. One cantaloupe seedling was then transplanted into each pot. Plants were grown for 55 days in the greenhouse, and then harvested and assessed for root and shoot growth and for nematode egg production. In pots inoculated with 1000 eggs/plant, neither fungus strain affected nematode egg numbers. At the 5000 eggs/plant inoculum level, both strains of the fungus suppressed egg numbers (counts were 28% and 31% less than water controls). Neither strain of V. lecanii affected the number of eggs embedded in root galls; the fungus suppressed nematode population numbers overall solely by affecting the number of eggs located outside of root tissues. Both fungus strains were also autoclaved and then applied to soil, to test for effects of nonviable fungus. In pots inoculated with 5000 eggs, application of one autoclaved strain resulted in a 35% suppression in egg numbers after 55 days, suggesting that the fungus produced a heat-stable substance deleterious to the nematode.

scholarly journals The carB Gene of Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) is Associated with Nematicidal Activity against the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne javanica

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Yanfei Xia ◽  
Shen Li ◽  
Guohui Xu ◽  
Shanshan Xie ◽  
Xueting Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bl21 ◽  
Culture Filtrates

Biological nematicides have been widely used to lower the losses generated by phytoparasitic nematodes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nematicidal effects of Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) against Meloidogyne javanica and to identify nematicide-related genes. Culture filtrates of BL21(DE3) caused juvenile mortality and inhibited egg hatching in a dose-dependent manner. In the greenhouse, treatment of tomato seedlings with BL21(DE3) culture filtrates at 50 and 100% concentrations not only reduced the amount of M. javanica egg masses and galls, but improved plant root and shoot fresh weight. Culture filtrate analysis indicated that the nematicidal active ingredients of strain BL21(DE3) were non-proteinaceous, heat and cold resistant, sensitive to pH and volatile. To identify the genes associated with nematicidal activity, a BL21(DE3) library of 5000 mutants was produced using Tn5 transposase insertion. The culture filtrate of the MB12 mutant showed no nematicidal activity after 72 h of treatment and thermal asymmetrical interlaced PCR demonstrated that the carB gene was disrupted. Nematicidal activity was restored when the pH of the MB12 culture filtrate was adjusted to the original pH value (4.15) or following MB12 complementation with the carB gene, confirming a role for carB in mediating pH value and nematicidal activity. The outcomes of this pilot study indicate that BL21(DE3) is a potential microorganism for the continuable biological control of root-knot nematode in tomato and that carB affects the nematicidal activity of BL21(DE3) by modulating the pH environment.

scholarly journals In Vitro Assessment of N-Phenyl Imides in the Management of Meloidogyne Incognita

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
O.A. Fabiyi ◽  
A.O. Claudius-Cole ◽  
G.A. Olatunji
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Phthalamic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Assessment

Abstract The infestation with root knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. is a key issue in agriculture. Conventional control methods are based on the use of synthetic nematicides, which comes with severe environmental problems. In this study, n-phenyl imide and n-phenyl phthalamic acid were synthesized and reacted independently with Enantia chlorantha crude extract–manganese chloride complex. The effects of the resulting organic compounds were appraised against the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White 1919) juveniles and eggs in two laboratory experiments. The most active compound was n-phenyl phthalamic acid (PN/TLMA) with 4% egg hatch over a 9-day observation after treatment as against distilled water which recorded 100% egg hatch at 9 days after treatment. n-Phenyl phthalamic acid showed 100% juvenile mortality at 10 days of observation compared to carbofuran dissolved in water (CBFN/water) and carbofuran dissolved in hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (CBFN/HPCD) while no outstanding (P < 0.05) difference was recorded between the effects of other organic compounds and carbofuran in both solvents. The different rates of treatment applications were not appreciably (P<0.05) dissimilar on percentage juvenile mortality and egg hatch. The nematicidal test results indicated that the synthesized imide compounds with manganese complex moiety are a promising basis for developing new nematicidal compounds with less environmental hazard.

scholarly journals Control of the root-rot and root-knot disease complex by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: impact of bacterial rhizosphere colonization

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
I. A. Siddiqui ◽  
S. Ehteshamul-Haque ◽  
S. S.. Shaukat
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Rhizosphere Colonization ◽  
Growth Promoting

The potential of 3 <i>Pseudomonas aeriuginosa</i> strains as biocontrol agents of rootinfecting fungi <i>Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium solani</i> and <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> and the root-knot nematode <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> was tested on chili and uridbean under greenhouse conditions. All the three strains significantly reduced nematode populations in soil, invasion, multiplication and gall formation due to <i>M.javanica</i>. Root infection by fungi was also effectively suppressed following <i>P.aeruginosa</i> application. Bacterial antagonists exhibited better biocontrol and growth promoting activity in 15-day-old plants than did those harvested at 30 or 45 days. Population of the bacterium in the rhizosphere declined rapidly after 15 days of nematode inoculation. Strain Pa-5 showed maximum nodulation in 15-day-old samplings while strain Pa-7 showed highest number of nodules in 30 and 45-day-old uridbean plants.

scholarly journals Mineral composition of beetroot treated with potential elicitors and inoculated with Meloidogyne javanica

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Juliana Grotto Débia ◽  
Beatriz Cervejeira Bolanho ◽  
Claudia Regina Dias-Arieira
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Nematode Population Density ◽  
Elicitor Treatments

Abstract Background The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica can infect beetroots, causing extensive damage to this food crop. As chemical and genetic control tactics have shown limited efficacy, new strategies are needed to improve the integrated management of this parasite. This study assessed the influence of potential defence elicitors and M. javanica infection on the mineral composition of beetroot. Plants were treated with acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), citrus biomass, or a mannanoligosaccharide-based product (MOS) and inoculated with 1000 eggs and second-stage juveniles of M. javanica. At 60 days after inoculation, beetroot plants were harvested and evaluated for nematode population density, vegetative growth, and mineral content. Results All potential elicitors reduced nematode population density in beetroots (p ≤ 0.10) and improved the vegetative parameters of inoculated plants (p ≤ 0.05), except shoot fresh weight. Some minerals were found to be negatively affected by treatments, particularly calcium, whose levels were consistently lower in treated plants. On the other hand, M. javanica inoculation increased magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, and copper contents in beetroots. However, the latter mineral (Cu content) of inoculated plants was positively influenced by MOS and ASM. Conclusion Potential elicitor treatments did not improve the mineral composition of beetroot, but were effective in reducing nematode population density. Plants inoculated with M. javanica had higher mineral levels. However, gall formation decreases the commercial value of the crop and might render it unsuitable for commercialisation. M. javanica-infected beetroots may be used for nutrient extraction or sold to food processing industries.

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