scholarly journals Morphological features of young red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) plants depending on habitat cultivation (agrotechnic) factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Zając ◽  
Józef Bieniek ◽  
Robert Witkowicz ◽  
Wojciech Jagusik
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Very High

In experiments located in Prusy (Kraków voivodship) at Wierzbica (Katowice voivodship) at the end of vegetative growth in the fall 6 empiricaly determined features characterizing young red clever plants grown in pure stand and undersown in spring barley were analysed. These were following features refering to a single plant: fresh and dry weight, the length of tops and roots, diameter of the root crown and number of shoots. Based on these features 4 indirect indicators were constructed. In 1993-1994 total of 420 plants were analysed. For direct and indirect indicators means and standard deviations were callculated taking into account the influence of given year, location and method of sowing. Least squares and phenotypic correlations between investigated features were also evaluated. In 1994 average values for analysed plant features of red clever were higher than in 1993. The effect of location (of the experiment) was not visible. Better plants were formed when red clever was undersown in spring barley than when grown in pure stand (without the cover crop). Alls features measured directly showed very high variability between these features were observed. Correlation between the fresh and dry weight need to be emphasized. Also interactions between years and method of sowing, and between location and method of sowing turned out to be significant.

scholarly journals Mineral Composition of Red Clover under Rhizobium Inoculation and Lime Application in Acid Soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 554-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivera STAJKOVIC-SRBINOVIC ◽  
Dušica DELIC ◽  
Nataša RASULIC ◽  
Dragan CAKMAK ◽  
Djordje KUZMANOVIC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rhizobium Inoculation ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Lime Application

In the present study the effects of Rhizobium inoculation and lime application on the mineral composition (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B) of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), in very acid soil were evaluated. Inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii significantly increased shoot dry weight (SDW) of red clover plants (three times greater), as well as N, Mg, Fe, Mn and Cu contents in plants compared to the control. Application of lime and Rhizobium together, depending on the lime rate (3, 6 or 9 t ha-1 of lime) and the cut, increased SDW significantly, but decreased the contents of N, P, K, Mg, Mn, Zn and B in plants. Regardless of the changes, in all treatments in both cuts, contents of N, K, Ca, Mg, Mn and Zn in plants were among sufficiency levels (Mg content was elevated in the second cut), while Fe content was mainly high, as well as Cu (in the second cut). Contents of P and B in plants were somewhat lower than sufficiency levels, but above critical level. Therefore, red clover can be grown with satisfactory yield and mineral composition in acid soil with Rhizobium inoculation only, but the application of P and B fertilization is desirable.

Tillage and weed management effects on forage production in a barley-red clover rotation

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Légère ◽  
F. Craig Stevenson ◽  
Nathalie Samson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
No Till ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L

Tillage and weed management practices used during the establishment year can likely affect for age yield during the subsequent production year(s). This study was conducted as part of a long-term experiment to determine the suitability of conservation tillage practices for red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) production on a Kamouraska clay from 1988 to 1995. Red clover was underseeded with spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in cropping systems including different tillage (MP: fall moldboard plow; CP: fall chisel plow; NT: no-till) and weed management (intensive, moderate, minimum) treatments applied during the establishment year. Red clover dry matter yields and weed biomass were measured twice in the subsequent forage production year. Tillage had no effect on red clover yields in 3 out of 7 yr. Yields were 16% greater with NT in 1 yr and 52% with MP tillage in 3 yr compared with other tillage treatments. Weed response to tillage was consistent over years. Dicot weed biomass increased as tillage intensity was reduced. Monocot biomass was much less with NT than with MP or CP treatments. Red clover yield was 11% greater with intensive weed management, but this yield increase was not associated with differences in dicot or monocot biomass during the forage production year. Red clover yield gain with intensive weed management would need to be weighed against economical and environmental costs to determine the relevance of increased herbicide use in a short-term cereal/forage rotation. Key words: Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), conservation tillage, no-till, forage legume

Content and deposition rates of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin during regrowth of forage grasses and legumes

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 809-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Bidlack ◽  
D. R. Buxton
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Switch Grass ◽  
Panicum Virgatum L ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Cell-wall (CW) components greatly influence digestibility of forages as they mature. There is only limited information on the timing of rates of deposition of CW components. This investigation examined differences in CW and CW component deposition in greenhouse-grown alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), birds-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Plant material was sampled from the basal 10 cm of forage after harvesting at 3–5 cm above the soil level. Samples analyzed included sheaths from orchardgrass, sheaths and stems from bromegrass and switch-grass, and stems from all legumes. After establishment and herbage removal, samples were collected biweekly between 2 and 10 wk of regrowth. Results indicated that, except for orchardgrass, maximum rates of CW and CW component deposition usually occurred earlier in legumes compared with those of grasses. Maximum CW deposition for all species occurred within 1–3 d of maximum dry weight deposition. Among CW components in grasses and legumes, maximum deposition of hemicellulose occurred first, followed by that of cellulose (1–6 d later), and then lignin (up to 14 d after maximum hemicellulose deposition). Maximum cellulose deposition in all species occurred at the same time as maximum CW deposition.Key words: Cell wall, deposition, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, forage

scholarly journals Perennial forage legume cultivation and their above-ground mass management methods for weed suppression in arable organic cropping systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aušra Arlauskienė ◽  
Danutė Jablonskytė-Raščė ◽  
Lina Šarūnaitė ◽  
Monika Toleikienė ◽  
Laura Masilionytė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Weeds Control ◽  
Ground Mass

Abstract Background In organic crop farms, growing crop yields are limited by insufficient nitrogen supply to plants and crop weediness. In such farms, legume swards are proposed as a service crop to improve nitrogen cycling. However, a positive effect of nitrogen is not only on cereals but also on weeds. In crop rotation, legume swards can stimulate the competition of cereals using the above-ground mass of legume to control the spread of weeds. The effects of the following methods for weeds control were analyzed: (i) forage legumes (Trifolium pratense L. and T. repens) undersown in cereals, (ii) forage legumes (T. pratense L., Medicago sativa L.) and their mixture with festulolium (x Festuliolium) and their above-ground mass management methods, and (iii) plant-based fertilizers (red clover above-ground mass fermented and composted). Results Oat with red clover undersown reduced weediness more than red clover monocrops, pea, and their mixture with oats. Incorporated undersown white clover mass increased spring barley competitiveness with weeds. When growing legume swards for a longer period of time (green fallow), red clover and their mixture with festulolium are the most suitable for this purpose. The lowest weed dry weight (average 34%, compared with the removal from the field) was obtained while using the mixed management. The cultivation of cereals after forage legumes and their mixtures with festulolium (as a preceding crop) increases its grain yield and competitive ability against weeds. Fermented red clover and fermented pea and spring wheat mixture mass, as a manure, did not increase weediness. Conclusions It was concluded that the effectiveness of the perennial forage legumes is determined by the uses of the above-ground mass: soil cover, mulching, application of green manure, and intensity of mass mineralization. Type of activity of forage legumes on weeds were competition for environmental resources, disruption/promotion of germination, destruction of above-ground mass, reduction of the amount of matured seeds, creation of a physical barrier (mulch), and increase of competitiveness of cereals. Growing forage legumes in pure crops usually leads to a loss of marketable production. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Large-Leaved Lupin (Lupinus polyhyllus Lind.) and Early Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) as Green Manure Grops

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enn Lauringson ◽  
Liina Talgre ◽  
Arvo Makke
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Green Manure Crops

Trials with large-leaved lupine (‘Lupi’) and early red clover (‘Jõgeva 433’) as green manure were carried out to study their suitability for green manure production. The trials were carried out on the trial fields of the Estonian University of Life Sciences in 2008-2010. Biomass production abilities of various plants grown with or without a cover crop were examined. In the experiment, different green manure crops with undersowing and pure sowing were compared for amounts of N, C, P, K and organic matter driven into soil and their effect on cereal yield. The value of these green manure crops as manure was estimated, based on their effect on the succeeding cereal yield. From green manure plants, sown with cover crops, red clover gave the best results, while large-leaved lupine was better grown as pure crop (18% more biomass than red clover in similar situation). Biomass from large-leaved lupine, grown without cover crop, was also the most efficient in returning nutrients into the soil. Pure green manure had bigger effect and it lasted longer if grown as undersowing.

Comparisons of Floral Response of Seed Lots of Dollard Red Clover, Trifolium pratense L. 1

Crop Science ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Bula ◽  
R. G. May ◽  
C. S. Garrison ◽  
C. M. Rincker ◽  
J. G. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L

scholarly journals Volatile Constituents of Trifolium Pratense and T. Repens from N.E. Italian Alpine Pastures

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Tava ◽  
Daniele Ramella ◽  
Maris Grecchi ◽  
Paolo Aceto ◽  
Renato Paoletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L

The composition of the volatile fraction of two important forage legumes from Italian sub-alpine N.E. pastureland, namely Trifolium pratense L. subsp. pratense (red clover) and T. repens subsp. repens (white clover) were investigated. The volatile oil was obtained from the fresh aerial parts by steam distillation and analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. The oil yield was 0.018 and 0.021% (weight/fresh weight basis) for T. pratense and T. repens, respectively. Several classes of compounds were found in both the oils, including alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, terpenes, esters, hydrocarbons, phenolics and acids. Qualitative and quantitative differences were found.

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