scholarly journals The attempt to explain the various reaktions of rape and corn plants on the nitrogen usee in the ammonium or nitrate forms

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Zofia Uziak ◽  
Edward Borowski ◽  
Zbyszek Blamowski
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
Total N ◽  
Similar Content ◽  
Free Ammonium ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
N Fractions

The reaction of the rape and corn plants on the nitrogen applied in the form NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> or NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> was studied under the controlled conditions. The ammonium ions with rape markedly lowered the growth rate, the intensity of photosynthesis and biomass yield, with relation to the plants fertilized with nitrates. With corn the effect of both N-forms was similar and positive. The biomass of the rape using NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, with relation to the plants fertilized with NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> showed lower content of total N, and protein N, as well as markedly higher content of amino-acids of primary protein synthesis and their amides and free ammonium ions. Yet, the corn utilizing N-NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> showed, as compared with the plants fertilized with NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, higher content of all studied organic N fractions. with similar content of free ammonium ions. This paper presents the thesis that the cause of the growth inhibition of rape fertilized with ammonium is low, as compared with corn, assimilation of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> ions drawn in the roots of this plant.

scholarly journals Interactions between uptake of amino acids and inorganic nitrogen in wheat plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 11311-11335 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gioseffi ◽  
A. de Neergaard ◽  
J. K. Schjoerring
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Source

Abstract. Soil-borne amino acids may constitute a nitrogen (N) source for plants in various terrestrial ecosystems but their importance for total N nutrition is unclear, particularly in nutrient-rich arable soils. One reason for this uncertainty is lack of information on how the absorption of amino acids by plant roots is affected by the simultaneous presence of inorganic N forms. The objective of the present study was to study absorption of glycine (Gly) and glutamine (Gln) by wheat roots and their interactions with nitrate (NO3–) and (NH4+) during uptake. The underlying hypothesis was that amino acids, when present in nutrient solution together with inorganic N, may lead to down-regulation of the inorganic N uptake. Amino acids were enriched with double-labelled 15N and 13C, while NO3– and NH4+ acquisition was determined by their rate of removal from the nutrient solution surrounding the roots. The uptake rates of NO3– and NH4+ did not differ from each other and were about twice as high as the uptake rate of organic N when the different N forms were supplied separately in concentrations of 2 mM. Nevertheless, replacement of 50 % of the inorganic N with organic N was able to restore the N uptake to the same level as that in the presence of only inorganic N. Co-provision of NO3– did not affect glycine uptake, while the presence of glycine down-regulated NO3– uptake. The ratio between 13C and 15N were lower in shoots than in roots and also lower than the theoretical values, reflecting higher C losses via respiratory processes compared to N losses. It is concluded that organic N can constitute a significant N-source for wheat plants and that there is an interaction between the uptake of inorganic and organic nitrogen.

scholarly journals ORGANIC NITROGEN IN A TYPIC HAPLUDOX FERTILIZED WITH PIG SLURRY

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco André Grohskopf ◽  
Paulo Cezar Cassol ◽  
Juliano Corulli Correa ◽  
Maria Sueli Heberle Mafra ◽  
Jonas Panisson
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Total N ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
N Fractions ◽  
Annual Application

The application of pig slurry may have a different effect on nitrogen dynamics in soil compared to mineral fertilization. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the different forms of organic N in a Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico (Typic Hapludox) and their relationship to N uptake by crops in response to 10 years of annual application of pig slurry and mineral fertilizer. The treatments were application rates of 0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 m3 ha-1 of pig slurry, in addition to mineral fertilizer, organized in a randomized block design with four replications. The N contents were determined in the plant tissue and in the forms of total N and acid hydrolyzed fractions: ammonium-N, hexosamine-N, α-amino-N, amide-N, and unidentified-N. Annual application of pig slurry or mineral fertilizer increased the total-N content in the 0-10 cm depth layer. The main fractions of organic N in the soil were α-amino-N when pig slurry was applied and unidentified-N in the case of mineral fertilizers. Pig slurry increased the N fractions considered as labile: α-amino-N, ammonium-N, and amide-N. The increase in these labile organic N fractions in the soil through pig slurry application allows greater N uptake by the maize and oat crops in a no-tillage system.

Plant uptake of nitrogen from the organic nitrogen fraction of animal manures: a laboratory experiment

2000 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. CHADWICK ◽  
F. JOHN ◽  
B. F. PAIN ◽  
B. J. CHAMBERS ◽  
J. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Cow Slurry ◽  
N Fractions

Twenty slurries, 20 farmyard manures (FYM) and 10 poultry manures were chemically analysed to characterize their nitrogen (N) fractions and to assess their potential organic N supply. The organic N fraction varied between manure types and represented from 14% to 99% of the total N content. The readily mineralizable N fraction, measured by refluxing with KCl, was largest in the pig FYMs and broiler litters, but on average only represented 7–8% of the total N content. A pot experiment was undertaken to measure N mineralization from the organic N fraction of 17 of these manures. The ammonium-N content of the manures was removed and the remaining organic N mixed with a low mineral N status sandy soil, which was sown with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). N offtake was used as a measure of mineralization throughout the 199 day experiment. The greatest N mineralization was measured from a layer manure and a pig slurry, where N offtake represented 56% and 37% of the organic N added, respectively. Lowest (%) N mineralization was measured from a dairy cow slurry (< 2%) and a beef FYM (6%). The mineralization rate was negatively related to the C[ratio ]organic N ratio of the ammonium-N stripped manures (P < 0·01, r = −0·63).

scholarly journals Effects of Bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) Cultivation on Soil Nitrogen Fractions and Mineralization

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1109
Author(s):  
Zhuangzhuang Qian ◽  
Xiao Sun ◽  
Jianshuang Gao ◽  
Shunyao Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Total N ◽  
Phyllostachys Praecox ◽  
N Fractions

The mineralization of soil organic nitrogen (N) is the key process in the cycling of N in terrestrial ecosystems. Land-use change to bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) cultivation that later entails organic material mulching combined with chemical fertilizer application will inevitably influence soil N mineralization (Nmin) and availability dynamics. However, the soil Nmin rates associated with various N fractions of P. praecox in response to land-use change and mulching are not well understood. The present study aimed to understand the effects of land-use change to P. praecox bamboo cultivation and organic material mulching on soil Nmin and availability. Soil properties and organic N fractions were measured in a P. praecox field planted on former paddy fields, a mulched P. praecox field, and a rice (Oryza sativa L.) field. Soil Nmin was determined using a batch incubation method, with mathematical models used to predict soil Nmin kinetics and potential. The conversion from a paddy field to P. praecox plantation decreased the soil pH, soil total N, and soil organic matter (SOM) content significantly (p < 0.05); the mulching method induced further soil acidification. The mulching treatment significantly augmented the SOM content by 7.08% compared with the no-mulching treatment (p < 0.05), but it decreased soil hydrolyzable N and increased the nonhydrolyzable N (NHN) content. Both the Nmin rate and cumulative mineralized N were lowest in the mulched bamboo field. The kinetics of Nmin was best described by the ‘two-pool model’ and ‘special model’. The Pearson’s correlation analysis and the Mantel test suggested soil pH was the dominant factor controlling the soil cumulative mineralized N and mineralization potential in the bamboo fields. These findings could help us better understand the N cycling and N availability under mulching conditions for shifts in land use, and provide a scientific basis for the sustainable management of bamboo plantations.

scholarly journals Co-occurrence of organic and inorganic N sources influences asparagine uptake and internal amino acid profiles in white clover

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weronika Czaban ◽  
Jim Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Uptake Rate ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
N Status

AbstractDirect plant uptake of organic nitrogen (N) is important for plant N nutrition, but we lack knowledge of how the concentration of external N forms (organic and inorganic) -influence organic N uptake and plant N status. We investigated the uptake of the amino acid asparagine (Asn) in white clover in the presence of different nitrate (NO3-), Asn, and total N concentrations. White clover seedlings were for one week exposed to combinations of NO3-(3-30 µmol N kg-1sand DW) and Asn (3-30 µmol N kg-1sand DW), where after the Asn uptake rate was determined by addition of13C4-Asn. Shoot and root Asn content and amino acid profiles were also analyzed. Increasing external NO3-and total N concentrations decreased13C4-Asn uptake rates and internal clover Asn content. Furthermore, total N affected clover amino acid profiles from non-essential amino acids at low N doses to the dominance of essential amino acids at increasing N doses. Asn uptake rate in white clover is reduced by increasing inorganic N, but not by increasing organic N concentrations. Furthermore, plant amino acid profiles are likely to be a more sensitive indicator of N supply and descriptor of the N status.

scholarly journals Interactions between uptake of amino acids and inorganic nitrogen in wheat plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1509-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gioseffi ◽  
A. de Neergaard ◽  
J. K. Schjoerring
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total N ◽  
Uptake Rates

Abstract. Soil-borne amino acids may constitute a source of nitrogen (N) for plants in various terrestrial ecosystems but their importance for total N nutrition is unclear, particularly in nutrient-rich arable soils. One reason for this uncertainty is lack of information on how the absorption of amino acids by plant roots is affected by the simultaneous presence of inorganic N forms. The objective of the present study was to study absorption of glycine (Gly) and glutamine (Gln) by wheat roots and their interactions with nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) during uptake. The underlying hypothesis was that amino acids, when present in nutrient solution together with inorganic N, may lead to down-regulation of the inorganic N uptake, thereby resulting in similar total N uptake rates. Amino acids were enriched with double-labelled 15N and 13C, while NO3− and NH4+ acquisition was determined by their rate of removal from the nutrient solution surrounding the roots. The uptake rates of NO3− and NH4+ did not differ from each other and were generally about twice as high as the uptake rate of organic N when the different N forms were supplied separately in concentrations of 2 mM. Nevertheless, replacement of 50% of the inorganic N with organic N was able to restore the N uptake to the same level as that in the presence of only inorganic N. Co-provision of NO3− did not affect glycine uptake, while the presence of glycine down-regulated NO3− uptake. The ratio between 13C and 15N were lower in shoots than in roots and also lower than the theoretical values, reflecting higher C losses via respiratory processes compared to N losses. It is concluded that organic N can constitute a significant N-source for wheat plants and that there is an interaction between the uptake of inorganic and organic N.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilizer value of animal slurries with different proportions of liquid and solid fractions: A 3-year study under field conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Betina Nørgaard Pedersen ◽  
Bent T. Christensen ◽  
Luca Bechini ◽  
Daniele Cavalli ◽  
Jørgen Eriksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fraction ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Organic N ◽  
First Year ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Total N ◽  
Plant Availability ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil

Abstract The plant availability of manure nitrogen (N) is influenced by manure composition in the year of application whereas some studies indicate that the legacy effect in following years is independent of the composition. The plant availability of N in pig and cattle slurries with variable contents of particulate matter was determined in a 3-year field study. We separated cattle and a pig slurry into liquid and solid fractions by centrifugation. Slurry mixtures with varying proportions of solid and liquid fraction were applied to a loamy sand soil at similar NH4+-N rates in the first year. Yields and N offtake of spring barley and undersown perennial ryegrass were compared to plots receiving mineral N fertilizer. The first year N fertilizer replacement value (NFRV) of total N in slurry mixtures decreased with increasing proportion of solid fraction. The second and third season NFRV averaged 6.5% and 3.8% of total N, respectively, for cattle slurries, and 18% and 7.5% for pig slurries and was not related to the proportion of solid fraction. The estimated net N mineralization of residual organic N increased nearly linearly with growing degree days (GDD) with a rate of 0.0058%/GDD for cattle and 0.0116%/GDD for pig slurries at 2000–5000 GDD after application. In conclusion NFRV of slurry decreased with increasing proportion of solid fraction in the first year. In the second year, NFRV of pig slurry N was significantly higher than that of cattle slurry N and unaffected by proportion between solid and liquid fraction.

scholarly journals Effects of two wood-based biochars on the fate of added fertilizer nitrogen—a 15N tracing study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subin Kalu ◽  
Gboyega Nathaniel Oyekoya ◽  
Per Ambus ◽  
Priit Tammeorg ◽  
Asko Simojoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Application Rates

AbstractA 15N tracing pot experiment was conducted using two types of wood-based biochars: a regular biochar and a Kon-Tiki-produced nutrient-enriched biochar, at two application rates (1% and 5% (w/w)), in addition to a fertilizer only and a control treatment. Ryegrass was sown in pots, all of which except controls received 15N-labelled fertilizer as either 15NH4NO3 or NH415NO3. We quantified the effect of biochar application on soil N2O emissions, as well as the fate of fertilizer-derived ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) in terms of their leaching from the soil, uptake into plant biomass, and recovery in the soil. We found that application of biochars reduced soil mineral N leaching and N2O emissions. Similarly, the higher biochar application rate of 5% significantly increased aboveground ryegrass biomass yield. However, no differences in N2O emissions and ryegrass biomass yields were observed between regular and nutrient-enriched biochar treatments, although mineral N leaching tended to be lower in the nutrient-enriched biochar treatment than in the regular biochar treatment. The 15N analysis revealed that biochar application increased the plant uptake of added nitrate, but reduced the plant uptake of added ammonium compared to the fertilizer only treatment. Thus, the uptake of total N derived from added NH4NO3 fertilizer was not affected by the biochar addition, and cannot explain the increase in plant biomass in biochar treatments. Instead, the increased plant biomass at the higher biochar application rate was attributed to the enhanced uptake of N derived from soil. This suggests that the interactions between biochar and native soil organic N may be important determinants of the availability of soil N to plant growth.

scholarly journals Evidence of Phosphate Mining and Agriculture Influence on Concentrations, Forms, and Ratios of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in a Florida River

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1064
Author(s):  
Shuiwang Duan ◽  
Kamaljit Banger ◽  
Gurpal S. Toor
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Total N ◽  
Phosphate Mining ◽  
Molar Ratios

Florida has a long history of phosphate-mining, but less is known about how mining affects nutrient exports to coastal waters. Here, we investigated the transport of inorganic and organic forms of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) over 23 sampling events during a wet season (June–September) in primary tributaries and mainstem of Alafia River that drains into the Tampa Bay Estuary. Results showed that a tributary draining the largest phosphate-mining area (South Prong) had less flashy peaks, and nutrients were more evenly exported relative to an adjacent tributary (North Prong), highlighting the effectiveness of the mining reclamation on stream hydrology. Tributaries draining > 10% phosphate-mining area had significantly higher specific conductance (SC), pH, dissolved reactive P (DRP), and total P (TP) than tributaries without phosphate-mining. Further, mean SC, pH, and particulate reactive P were positively correlated with the percent phosphate-mining area. As phosphate-mining occurred in the upper part of the watershed, the SC, pH, DRP, and TP concentrations increased downstream along the mainstem. For example, the upper watershed contributed 91% of TP compared to 59% water discharge to the Alafia River. In contrast to P, the highest concentrations of total N (TN), especially nitrate + nitrite (NOx–N) occurred in agricultural tributaries, where the mean NOx–N was positively correlated with the percent agricultural land. Dissolved organic N was dominant in all streamwaters and showed minor variability across sites. As a result of N depletion and P enrichment, the phosphate-mining tributaries had significantly lower molar ratios of TN:TP and NOx–N:DRP than other tributaries. Bi-weekly monitoring data showed consistent increases in SC and DRP and a decrease in NOx–N at the South Prong tributary (highest phosphate-mining area) throughout the wet season, and different responses of dissolved inorganic nutrients (negative) and particulate nutrients (positive) to water discharge. We conclude that (1) watersheds with active and reclaimed phosphate-mining and agriculture lands are important sources of streamwater P and N, respectively, and (2) elevated P inputs from the phosphate-mining areas altered the N:P ratios in streamwaters of the Alafia River.

Characteristics of Non-Point Source N Export via Surface Runoff from Sloping Croplands in Northeast China

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 2302-2307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Xiang Wang ◽  
Yi Shi ◽  
Jian Ma ◽  
Cai Yan Lu ◽  
Xin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Rainfall Amount ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Total N

A field experiment was conducted to study the characteristics of non-point source nitrogen (N) in the surface runoff from sloping croplands and the influences of rainfall and cropland slope gradient. The results showed that dissolved total N (DTN) was the major form of N in the runoff, and the proportion occupied by dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) ranged from 45% to 85%. The level of NH4+-N was generally higher than the level of NO3--N, and averaged at 2.50 mg·L-1and 1.07 mg·L-1respectively. DIN was positively correlated with DTN (R2=0.962). Dissolved organic N (DON) presented a moderate seasonal change and averaged at 1.40 mg·L-1. Rainfall amount and rainfall intensity significantly affected the components of DTN in the runoff. With the increase of rainfall amount and rainfall intensity, the concentrations of DTN, NH4+-N and NO3--N presented a decreased trend, while the concentration of DON showed an increased trend. N loss went up with an increase in the gradient of sloping cropland, and was less when the duration was longer from the time of N fertilization.fertilization.

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