scholarly journals An evaluation of the physiological activity of 9-amine-9-fluorenephosphonic acid derivatives

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henryk Skrabka ◽  
Elżbieta Jaskulska
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Spirodela Oligorrhiza

The physiological activity of eleven 9-amine-9-fluorenephosphonic acid derivatives, synthesized at the Wrocław Polytechnic, was examined. The test plant was <i>Spirodela oligorrhiza</i>. The effect of these compounds on the increase of the dry matter of this plant was tested in eight-day experiments. The activity of the compounds was varied. The most toxic were nos. 2, 4, 9, 8, 5 and 6 which were lethal in low concentrations. Somewhat less toxic were nos. 7, 10 and 11; nos. 1 and 3 were the least toxic.

scholarly journals Preliminary estimation of physiological activity of 9-amine-9-fluorenephosphonic acid derivatives

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Czerwiński ◽  
R. Gancarz ◽  
E. Przybyłka ◽  
J. S. Wieczorek
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Atom ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Preliminary Estimation ◽  
Technical University ◽  
Spirodela Oligorrhiza

The physiological activity of twenty one 9-amine-9-fluorenephosphonic acid derivatives was tested. The compounds were synthesized by the Wrocław Technical University. <i>Spirodela oligorrhiza</i> was used as the test plant. There was tested the inhibiting influence of these compounds on the growth of <i>Spirodela</i> and synergism with the herbicide "mecoprop". Ethyl esters substituted at the nitrogen atom with buthyl and heptyl group appeared to be most active. Their concentration of 0.5-1.5 × 10<sup>-5</sup> M inhibited the growth of <i>Spirodela</i> by 50%. Most of the 9-amine-9-fluorenephosphonic acid derivatives tested with different substitutes showed a strong synergism with the herbicide "mecoprop". An addition of these compounds to sublethal solution of the herbicide killed <i>Spirodela</i> within 10-20 houres.

scholarly journals Co-Occurrence of Regulated and Emerging Mycotoxins in Corn Silage: Relationships with Fermentation Quality and Bacterial Communities

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Antonio Gallo ◽  
Francesca Ghilardelli ◽  
Alberto Stanislao Atzori ◽  
Severino Zara ◽  
Barbara Novak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Low Levels

Sixty-four corn silages were characterized for chemicals, bacterial community, and concentrations of several fungal metabolites. Silages were grouped in five clusters, based on detected mycotoxins, and they were characterized for being contaminated by (1) low levels of Aspergillus- and Penicillium-mycotoxins; (2) low levels of fumonisins and other Fusarium-mycotoxins; (3) high levels of Aspergillus-mycotoxins; (4) high levels of non-regulated Fusarium-mycotoxins; (5) high levels of fumonisins and their metabolites. Altersetin was detected in clusters 1, 3, and 5. Rugulusovin or brevianamide F were detected in several samples, with the highest concentration in cluster 3. Emodin was detected in more than 50.0% of samples of clusters 1, 3 and 5, respectively. Kojic acid occurred mainly in clusters 1 and 2 at very low concentrations. Regarding Fusarium mycotoxins, high occurrences were observed for FB3, FB4, FA1, whereas the average concentrations of FB6 and FA2 were lower than 12.4 µg/kg dry matter. Emerging Fusarium-produced mycotoxins, such as siccanol, moniliformin, equisetin, epiequisetin and bikaverin were detected in the majority of analyzed corn silages. Pestalotin, oxaline, phenopirrozin and questiomycin A were detected at high incidences. Concluding, this work highlighted that corn silages could be contaminated by a high number of regulated and emerging mycotoxins.

scholarly journals A quantitative model of reticulo-rumen particle degradation and passage

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lirette ◽  
L. P. Milligan
Keyword(s):  
Small Particle ◽  
Large Particle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Total Flow ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Large Particles

Labelled particles were prepared by mordanting low concentrations (0.1 or 5 g/kg dry matter) of chromium to neutral-detergent-extracted stems (1–2 mm or 10 mm in length) of bromegrass (Bromus inermis). These were used in the study of reticulo-rumen particle kinetics of four steers given bromegrass hay and from the results a quantitative model of particle digestion and passage was developed. At the 0.1 g Cr/kg concentration there was minimal interference with digestibility of the feedstuff. The ratio, dry weight of the reticulo-rumen large-particle pool (> 3.35 mm):small-particle pool (< 3.35 mm) was 2:1. It was derived from the model that volatile fatty acids (VFA) and carbon dioxide in the rumen were produced mainly from large particles, and that between 500 and 700 g/kg hay dry matter was digested in the reticulo-rumen. It was also derived from the model that a major portion, 200 (SE 110) g/kg, of the hay dry matter was rapidly solubilized and that the material leaving the reticulo-rumen was composed of small particles (500–840 g/kg), large particles (100–160 g/kg) and an unknown portion of soluble dry matter of hay (0-400 g/kg). Disappearance from the large-particle pool in the model involving the lowest Cr level was directed to formation of VFA and CO2(0.68 (SE 0.04) of total flow) to the small-particle pool (0.25 (SE 0.06) of total flow) and direct passage from the reticulo-rumen (0.07 (SE 0.002) of total flow). The disappearance from the small-particle pool was to VFA and CO2production and to the omasum accounting for 0.14 (SE 0.18) and 0.86 (SE 0.24) respectively, of the total flow. It was concluded that the low-level-mordanting technique in combination with appropriate sampling yielded a realistic quantitative description of forage breakdown and movement processes in the digestive tract of cattle.

scholarly journals Zirconia Nanoparticles Impact On Morphophysiological Data And Mineral Composition Of P. ostreatus

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-188
Author(s):  
Nelya V. Doroshkevich ◽  
Marina V. Frontasyeva ◽  
Viktor S. Doroshkevich ◽  
Olena S. Lygina ◽  
Artem V. Shylo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Biomedical Technologies

Abstract Neutron activation analysis of the Pleurotus ostreatus showed that adding of solid solution of ZrO2-Y2O3 hydroxide and oxide (3 mol % Y2O3) nanoparticles of size 4 and 9 nm at a concentration of 0.2 weight percent in a nutrient medium (Czapek) alters the character of physiological processes in the biological tissues of the mushrooms. This is manifested in the form of a significant change in morphological and physiological characteristics of the mushrooms and the elemental composition of the dry biomass. In particular, it is shown that the intercalation of nanoparticles into the tissues of the mushrooms leads to an increase of 1.3-1.4 times (more than 2.6 g/dm3) of biomass accumulation (industrial strain HK 35) and decrease of 1.7-1.8 times (below 1.7-2.5 mg/mm3) of concentrations of extracellular proteins into the culture fluid at a substantially constant value of the acidity. It is shown that the addition of ZrO2+3 mol % Y2O3 nanoparticles of sizes 4 or 9 nm into tissue of mushroom at step of the mother mycelium in very small concentrations can alter effectively the chemical composition of the substances produced by the cells and consequently, its physiological activity. It is shown that the use of low concentrations of ZrO2 nanoparticles allow to increase the yield and resistance of crops to diseases up to 1.2-1.5 times, as well as in the long term can be used in biomedical technologies for the treatment of cancer diseases.

Retention of copper in the liver of sheep genetically selected for high and low concentrations of copper in plasma

1985 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Woolliams ◽  
G. Wiener ◽  
Carol Woolliams ◽  
N. F. Suttle
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Third ◽  
High Line ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Female Sheep ◽  
Mountain Population

ABSTRACTThe extent to which genetic selection to change the concentration of copper (Cu) in plasma also affected the retention of Cu in the liver was assessed in three experiments. In each, the concentration of Cu was measured in samples of liver (taken by biopsy) and of plasma from female sheep of lines selected from a Scottish Blackface × Welsh Mountain population (which had previously been interbred for several generations) for high and low plasma Cu levels (high line and low line) and from purebred Scottish Blackface and Welsh Mountain females.The concentration of Cu in the liver and plasma was found to be consistently greater in high-line and Welsh Mountain than in low-line and Scottish Blackface females (P < 0·01) in the first experiment in which grazing animals were sampled at both 6 and 10 months of age and in the second, where sampling' was at 6 months only. Mean Cu concentrations in the liver ranged from 13 to 115 mg/kg dry matter (DM) and the correlations with those in plasma varied from 0·28 to 0·53 (all P < 0·05) and was highest when the concentration of Cu in the liver was lowest. The correlation between the concentrations of Cu in liver at different ages was 0·57 (P < 0·05).In the third experiment, 10-month-old high- and low-line females were given complete diets containing either 5, 10, 22 or 28 mg Cu per kg DM for 12 weeks. Liver samples were obtained at the beginning and end of this period and blood samples were taken every 3 weeks. The concentration of Cu in the liver was greater in high- than in low-line sheep on all diets and increased linearly with the Cu concentration of the diet but at a greater rate in the high line. At the end, the high line had significantly greater concentrations of Cu in plasma on the 5 and 10 mg Cu per kg DM diets.The experiments showed that high-line females retained more Cu in the liver than low-line females. It is most likely that this was caused by a positive genetic correlation between concentration of Cu in plasma and the efficiency of absorption of Cu.

Studies on the vaginal mucusof the marsupial Trichosurus vulpecula

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Hughes ◽  
JC Rodger
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Trichosurus Vulpecula ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Neutral Sugars ◽  
Sperm Reservoir

The vaginal mucus of T. vulpecula is secreted by the simple columnar epithelium of the vaginal cul-de-sac and upper portion of the lateral vaginal canals. Vaginal mucus was present in measurable quantities for a period of only 3-4 days: from the commencement of oestrus (as judged by vaginal smears) until about half a day after ovulation. Over this period the volume of mucus in the cul-de-sac rose rapidly from practically nil to about 3.5 ml at ovulation. Following ovulation, the volume very soon returned to its former level. Treatment of anoestrous animals with doses of oestradiol benzoate at 40ug/kg body weight daily for 2 or 4 days, and 20 or 40 ug/kg body weight for 8 days, resulted in secretion of mucus in similar quantities to that found in oestrous animals. Preliminary studies of the physical properties (density, percentage dry matter, viscosity, and "stickiness") of the vaginal mucus of T. vulpecula revealed few trends that could be causally related to follicle development, oestrus, and ovulation. However, the pH appeared to follow a trend with regard to follicle development. It was found to fall from 7-8 to 6 at the end of follicle growth. The histochemical findings suggest that the vaginal mucus of T. vulpecula is a carbohydrate-protein com- plex, containing neutral sugars and acidic mucopolysaccharides. The acidic mucopolysaccharides are mainly carboxylated; however, low concentrations of sulphated mucopolysaccharide are also evident. The presence of appreciable quantities of free vaginal mucus in the vaginal cul-de-sac between oestrus and ovulation suggests that it is likely to be functionally important in the maintenance of a sperm reservoir.

Growth and nutrition of containerized Pinusresinosa at exponentially increasing nutrient additions

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 644-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Timmer ◽  
G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Nutrient Additions ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Consumption ◽  
Complete Nutrient Solution

Containerized red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) seedlings were reared on different fertility regimes that compared conventional applications of a recommended 39 mg N per seedling as a complete nutrient solution (175 mg N•L−1) with more frequent applications of an equal, one-half, or one-quarter amount of nutrients delivered at exponentially increasing solution concentrations over the same time period. Height growth, dry matter production, and root development at the end of the greenhouse rotation was significantly greater for seedlings receiving nutrients at exponentially rather than constantly increasing rates, although shoot growth among the three exponential treatments did not differ significantly. The increased yield was attributed to improved seedling nutrition as fertilizer addition rates better matched exponential growth development and nutrient consumption of the plants. The results indicate that superior seedlings can be grown successfully at low concentrations of nutrient solution, applying only one-quarter of the fertilizer dose conventionally used for container stock production.

scholarly journals Field Pea Seed Residue: a Potential Alternative Weed Control Agent

Weed Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Marles ◽  
Thomas D. Warkentin ◽  
Frederick A. Holm
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Suppression ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Pea Seed

Field pea seed from bin cleaning operations stored overwinter on nearby cropland was observed to correlate with weed and crop growth suppression for up to three subsequent years. To explore the phenomenon more explicitly, plant growth suppression trials were undertaken with soil sampled 18 mo apart from two locations that had contained field pea seed residues. Test plant species grown in the residue-affected and nearby residue-free soils were compared in greenhouse experiments. Germination was either fully inhibited or emergence was delayed by more than one week. Dry matter accumulation of test species grown in residue-affected soil was significantly reduced compared to dry matter of these test species grown in residue-free soil (P < 0.0001). Canola and field pea were inhibited more than wheat and green foxtail over both years. Greenhouse trials also revealed that germination of wild oat was inhibited in the residue-affected soils, although wheat and grassy weeds were less suppressed than dicots overall. Significant reductions of weed species diversity and abundance were correlated to residue-affected soils (P < 0.0001) when compared to residue-free soils using multi-response permutations procedures. Germination of wheat and canola seed was inhibited, using aqueous extracts of weathered pea seeds or extracts of the residue-affected soil in bioassays in sterile media. An allelopathic response was proposed to explain the above results, indicating a need for further research on this system. Weed management strategies could be developed with field pea seed residues to provide innovative weed control techniques.

Chloride requirement for reproduction by Pythium ultimum

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Saunders ◽  
J. G. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Soilborne Plant Pathogen ◽  
Culture Ph ◽  
Low Concentrations

Chloride (≥ 0.1 mM) was essential for asexual and sexual reproduction, but not mycelial growth, by Pythium ultimum in synthetic culture media. Bromide partially substituted for chloride in support of oogonia formation. The production of gemmae (sporangia or hyphal swellings) increased in proportion to concentrations of KCl in culture media between 0.2 and about 0.5 mM but leveled off between 0.5 and 4 mM. Chloride contents of mycelia after 3 days incubation were proportional to the number of gemmae produced when the fungus was grown in low concentrations of KCl. Under the culture conditions of this study, production of oogonia and gemmae commenced in about 70 and 95 h, respectively, in complete media. When 0.2 mM KCl was added to cultures 95 h or older that were grown in chloride deficient media, oogonium or gemma production was initiated in 20–25 or 10–17 h, respectively. Germination of gemmae, mycelial growth (gain in dry matter), and culture pH were not influenced significantly by the chloride deficiences that prevented sexual and asexual reproduction.Key words: chloride requirement, soilborne plant pathogen, reproduction of fungi, sporangia, hyphal swellings.

Iron deficiency depresses growth of furrow irrigated soybean and pigeon pea on vertisols of northern N.S.W

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Hodgson ◽  
JF Holland ◽  
EF Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Leaf Photosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Colour ◽  
Young Leaves

Crops under furrow irrigation or after heavy rainfall on the alkaline, calcareous Vertisols of northern N.S.W. frequently exhibit chlorosis of young leaves after the soil is wetted, but the specific cause has not been identified previously. The quantitative effects of the syndrome on growth, physiological activity and yield are also unknown. Experiments on soybean and pigeon pea grown on a Vertisol at Breeza, N.S.W., Australia, examined the influence of applying Fe to the leaves, and Fe, Zn, N+P and lime to the soil before sowing, on leaf colour, leaf photosynthesis, crop dry matter, and yield of grain of soybean and dry matter and yield of pigeon pea. In soybean, chelated Fe applied to the soil before sowing increased the levels of active Fe (Fe2+) in leaves by up to 42% and dry matter of shoots by up to 46% early in the season. Active Fe and dry matter of shoots were linearly correlated (r2 = 0.76). Soil Fe treatments did not affect leaf photosynthesis, although addition of chelated Fe to the soil resulted in greener leaves than in the control. Foliar Fe had no significant effect on active Fe, leaf colour, or leaf photosynthesis. The 9% increase in grain yield in response to application of 20 kg Fe ha-1 to the soil was not significant. In pigeon pea, application of 20 kg Fe ha-1 to the soil increased dry matter by 140% and grain yield by 414%. Effects of lime and zinc were not significant, but N+P increased yield by 112%. The study showed that Fe deficiency is limiting the growth and/or yield of irrigated soybean and pigeon pea on the clay soils of northern N.S.W., and pointed to lime-induced iron chlorosis as a possible mechanism of damage.

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