scholarly journals Nutritional values of different strains of mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus)

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Józef Bąkowski ◽  
Ryszard Kosson ◽  
Marcin Horbowicz
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Different Strains

The nutritional values and chemical composition of different strains of the mushroom (<i>Agaricus bisporus</i>) were studied. The study covered four strains cultivated in Poland: OCNOS-1, Somycel-11 , Somycel-92, and Somycel-653. The samples were analyzed for dry matter, vitamin C, nitrates, nitrites, total nitrogen and crude protein (N × 4.38), amino acid composition, soluble carbohydrates composition, and minerals content. Besides, whiteness values were determined by Hunter's method. All determinations were made on two of fruit-bodies of two sizes: 25-40 mm in pileus diameter (small) and 40-50 mm in pileus diameter (large). A significantly higher dry matter content was found in strain 1 in comparison with strain 92. The lowest value of total nitrogen was detected for strain 92 and the highest for strain 653. From among the four analyzed strains, strain 92 contained the highest amount of essential amino acids. Trehalose content was significantly lower in strain 11 in comparison with other strains both in small and large fruit-body.

scholarly journals Microbiological quality of silage made from by-products of cassava starch extraction and viticulture

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-415
Author(s):  
C.R. Schneider ◽  
M.A. Zambom ◽  
D. Galhardo ◽  
A. Faccenda ◽  
A.S. Avila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
By Products

This study evaluated silages made with varying proportions of viticulture by-products (VC) and starch extraction from cassava (CSE). It attempted to determine the effects of these proportions on the microbial population, fermentative losses, and chemical composition. The treatments were specified as the proportions of VC in the silage (0 g/kg, 250 g/kg, 500 g/kg, 750 g/kg, and 1000 g/kg). Silages were  evaluated before (0) and after 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days of ensiling. The experimental design was completely randomized with five  treatments, six storage times and four replications. The increased level of VC in the silage enhanced its dry matter content, ammonia  nitrogen (NH3-N), and buffering capacity, and reduced organic matter content. Fifteen days after ensiling, additional VC increased the concentration of soluble carbohydrates. The increased level of VC decreased the count of Clostridium spp. and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The incidence of yeasts and enterobacteria was low in all treatments at all time points. Over time, losses as effluent and gases increased. Use of increasing proportions from VC in silage made with CSE increased the contents of dry matter and soluble carbohydrates and  reduced the fermentative losses of the silage. The increased amount of VC also favoured pH reduction and reduced the proliferation of undesirable yeasts, while increasing the population of LAB.

Comparisons between Granny Smith apples from healthy and green crinkle virus infected trees

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Johnstone ◽  
D Martin
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Contents ◽  
Storage Disorders

Fruits harvested from Granny Smith trees known to be affected to varying degrees by apple green crinkle virus were held in cool store for five months before analysis for their total nitrogen and protein nitrogen contents. Fruit seed number, cell number, and dry matter content were also determined. There tended to be a greater incidence of superficial scald in fruit from infected trees. Fruits from infected trees were smaller, had a higher dry matter content, a greater proportion of protein nitrogen to total nitrogen, and fewer cells than those picked from healthy trees. Within infected trees the total nitrogen content decreased as the severity of fruit crinkling increased. The results are discussed in relation to effects of the virus on yield, the physiological status of infected trees, and a consideration of the likely storage disorders to be encountered in fruit from healthy and infected trees.

scholarly journals EVALUASI KANDUNGAN BAHAN KERING, BAHAN ORGANIK DAN PROTEIN KASAR PELEPAH SAWIT FERMENTASI DENGAN PENAMBAHAN SUMBER KARBOHIDRAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri Astuti ◽  
M N Rofiq ◽  
Nurhaita Nurhaita
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Content Factor

This research was aimed to evaluate the content of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein of palm oil fronds as an alternative feed substitution of native grass, which was enhanced through fermentation biotechnological innovation with the addition of carbohydrate soluble.  Fermentation palm oil frond done using local microorganisms resources rumen content andLactobacillus. The experimental design used was factorial on complete randomized design 2x3 with 3 replication each treatment.   Factor A were the  source of inoculums fermentation, A1=. lactobacillus, A2= local microorganisms resources rumen content.  Factor B were the source of soluble carbohydrates where B1 = without a carbohydrates, rice B2 = e bran, B3 = tapioca starch.  Parameters measured were content of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein of palm oil fronds.  The results of this research showed that no interaction effect between the source of microorganisms with carbohydrates, and the treatment had no effect (P > 0.05) on dry matter content.  No effect Factor A for all parameters while the  factors B Influential were significantly (P < 0.01) on the content of organic matter and crude protein.  The highest crude protein content in the fermented palm oil fronds with a source of carbohydrates from rice bran (6.55%)

scholarly journals Influence of lactic acid and cellulolytic bacteria on the physicochemical parameters of alfalfa silage

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012036
Author(s):  
A Bogdanova ◽  
A Payuta ◽  
A Alekseev ◽  
A Konovalov
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
Thermophilic Streptococci

Abstract The study is aimed at studying the effect of a microbiological preparation consisting of lactic acid bacteria, thermophilic streptococci and cellulolytic bacteria on the quality of alfalfa silage with different dry matter content. Determined pH, content of organic acids, dry matter and nutrients, including carbohydrates. Inoculant application increased crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber and reduced water-soluble carbohydrates in silage. The preservation of nutrients in the test samples was higher than that of the control. pH corresponded to optimal values; however, lactic acid fermentation proceeded more intensively in the sample with an increased dry matter content.

scholarly journals An ideotype of forage maize for north-west Europe.

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-147
Author(s):  
P.C. Struik
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Forage Maize ◽  
North West ◽  
Crop Density

Morphological and physiological characteristics of an ideal genotype are described. High dry-matter yield is required and therefore the ideotype needs to have high crop-density tolerance and efficient photosynthesis. Low susceptibility to pests and diseases is important. A stocky stem would benefit intake, yield and lodging resistance but reduce digestibility and dry-matter content. Selection for root-lodging resistance might reduce whole-plant yield. Improvement of cellular contents is of little importance, but cell-wall digestibility could be improved without strongly affecting yield. To be of high nutritional value, the stover must have sufficient dry-matter content (30-35%) and a moderate level of water-soluble carbohydrates. The ideotype should have an early silking date, a large ear and a slow rate of grain filling. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Diurnal changes in the concentration of water-soluble carbohydrates in Phalaris aquatica L. pasture in spring, and the effect of short-term shading

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 749 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Ciavarella ◽  
R. J. Simpson ◽  
H. Dove ◽  
B. J. Leury ◽  
I. M. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Early Afternoon

The concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and its components, starch, total nitrogen, and dry matter of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L. cv. Australian) pasture were varied by shading for periods ranging from 38.5 to 46.5 h. In unshaded pasture, WSC concentrations were lowest at sunrise [103 mg/g dry matter (DM)] and increased until early afternoon (to 160 mg/g DM). Sucrose and starch increased in concentration during daylight, whilst the concentrations of glucose, fructose, fructan, and a component of WSC considered to be mainly the carbohydrate moiety of glycoside(s) were relatively constant. The concentrations of starch, and all components of WSC except sucrose, were reduced by shading, but increased to the concentrations observed in the unshaded pasture within 2–4 h after removal of the cover. The fructans present in phalaris were determined to be oligosaccharides of degree of polymerisation (DP) 3 and DP 4 and high molecular mass fructans with DP >10. Nitrogen concentration of shaded pasture was initially higher (4.7% DM) than in unshaded pasture (3.9% DM), but decreased after removal of the shade cover. Dry matter content was reduced in shaded pasture, partly due to increased retention of water on the exterior of plants. The experiment was a precursor for a grazing trial in which the WSC content of pasture was to be altered by shading. It indicated that shading would potentially alter WSC and N concentrations, and DM content, but would have only a relatively small impact on the digestibility of the pasture.

Effects of dry-matter content on the nutritive value of individually wrapped round-bale timothy silage fed to sheep

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Beaulieu ◽  
J. R. Seoane ◽  
P. Savoie ◽  
D. Tremblay ◽  
R. Thériault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Chopped Grass

Thirty-two sheep (30.0 kg avg. BW) were used to study the effects of dry-matter (DM) content at harvest on the nutritive value of timothy grass silages conserved as round bales of high (52.1%, DM50), medium (39.9%, DM40) and low (23.1%, DM25) DM. Chopped grass of 24.4% DM conserved in a horizontal silo (HS) was used as a control. Gross energy, crude protein (CP) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents were similar for all silages (P > 0.05). Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents decreased as DM of the silages decreased (P < 0.05). Acid detergent lignin and ash contents were highest in HS and lowest in DM40 silages (P < 0.05). Silage pH and water-soluble carbohydrates decreased with decreasing DM of the silages (P < 0.05), while ammonia-N and lactate levels increased (P < 0.05). Acetate concentrations in round bales were lower than in HS silage (P < 0.05). Significant butyrate concentrations were detected only in DM25 silage. Round-bale silages were chopped before feeding and fed ad libitum. DM intake was 14.5% higher for DM50 and DM40 silages than for DM25 and HS silages (P < 0.001). Average daily gain and feed efficiency were higher for high-DM silages than for DM25 and HS silages (P < 0.01). Apparent digestibilities of NDF, cellulose and crude fiber of the silages were similar, but DM, organic matter, energy and hemicellulose digestibilities were higher for HS than for DM25 silage. Apparent digestibilities of ADF and CP were higher for high-DM silages than for DM25 and HS silages (P < 0.04). The results indicate that to obtain good-quality silage, the DM content of round bales should be 40–50%. The better performance obtained with high-DM silages was indicative of a more efficient utilization of metabolizable energy for gain. Key words: Round-bale silage, timothy, forage

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