scholarly journals Badania kariologiczne niektórych mieszańców międzygatunkowych z rodzaju Solanum [Cytological studies of some interspecies hybrids of the genus Solanum]

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bijok ◽  
J. Lipińska ◽  
E. Adamkiewicz ◽  
L. Grygorczyk
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Tetraploid Species ◽  
Karyological Analysis ◽  
Interspecies Hybrids ◽  
Wild Diploid Species

Karyological analysis of interspecies hybrids of tetraploid (2n=48) varieties of <i>Solanum tuberosum</i> (Flisak, Fortuna, Sagitta and Spekula) and di-haploid form of <i>S. tuberosum</i> (2n=24) with semicultivated species <i>S. phureja</i> (2n=24), wild diploid species <i>S. chacoense</i> (2n=24), <i>S. simplicifolium</i> (2n=24), <i>S. vernei</i> (2n=24) and tetraploid species <i>S. stoloniferum</i> (2n=48) was carried out.

A Centromeric Tandem Repeat Family Originating From a Part of Ty3/gypsy-Retroelement in Wheat and Its Relatives

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 665-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Jun Cheng ◽  
Minoru Murata
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Repeat Family ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Intervening Sequences ◽  
Wild Diploid Species

AbstractFrom a wild diploid species that is a relative of wheat, Aegilops speltoides, a 301-bp repeat containing 16 copies of a CAA microsatellite was isolated. Southern blot and fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that ∼250 bp of the sequence is tandemly arrayed at the centromere regions of A- and B-genome chromosomes of common wheat and rye chromosomes. Although the DNA sequence of this 250-bp repeat showed no notable homology in the databases, the flanking or intervening sequences between the repeats showed high homologies (&gt;82%) to two separate sequences of the gag gene and its upstream region in cereba, a Ty3/gypsy-like retroelement of Hordeum vulgare. Since the amino acid sequence deduced from the 250 bp with seven CAAs showed some similarity (∼53%) to that of the gag gene, we concluded that the 250-bp repeats had also originated from the cereba-like retroelements in diploid wheat such as Ae. speltoides and had formed tandem arrays, whereas the 300-bp repeats were dispersed as a part of cereba-like retroelements. This suggests that some tandem repeats localized at the centromeric regions of cereals and other plant species originated from parts of retrotransposons.

scholarly journals Interploid Hybridizations in Ornamental Cherries Using Prunus maackii

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Margaret Pooler ◽  
Hongmei Ma ◽  
David Kidwell-Slak
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Pest Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tetraploid Species ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Flowering Cherry ◽  
New Cultivars

The United States National Arboretum has an ongoing flowering cherry (Prunus) breeding program aimed at broadening the genetic base of cultivated ornamental cherries by developing new cultivars with disease and pest resistance, tolerance to environmental stresses, and superior ornamental characteristics. Interploid crosses, specifically 2X × 4X, in ornamental Prunus would be beneficial in breeding because they could allow introgression of traits not available in the diploid germplasm (pest resistance, cold hardiness), and could result in the creation of seedless triploids that would not set nuisance fruit and possibly have extended bloom durations. This report documents successful hybridization of P. maackii (Manchurian or Amur cherry), a tetraploid species, with P. campanulata, P. ‘Umineko’, and P. maximowiczii, all diploid species. Chromosomes of one of these resulting triploid hybrids were successfully doubled using oryzalin in tissue culture to create a hexaploid plant.

Two closely related Tulipa species with different ploidy levels show distinct germination rates

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Giovanni Astuti ◽  
Sandro Pratesi ◽  
Lorenzo Peruzzi ◽  
Angelino Carta
Keyword(s):  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Tetraploid Species ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Final Length ◽  
Diploid Ancestor

AbstractIn the tetraploid Tulipa sylvestris we found larger and heavier seeds that germinated around 28 days earlier than those of the diploid ancestor Tulipa pumila. The faster germination of the tetraploid species is linked to the faster growth of embryos, which reached their final length much earlier than the embryos of the diploid species. In conclusion, we argue a cautionary approach when dealing with comparative studies on ploidy level and germination to avoid misinterpretation of results when set against the natural conditions.

scholarly journals Genome sequencing of the Australian wild diploid species Gossypium australe highlights disease resistance and delayed gland morphogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 814-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingfan Cai ◽  
Xiaoyan Cai ◽  
Qinglian Wang ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Gland Morphogenesis ◽  
Wild Diploid Species

Cytological and molecular analysis of annual species of the genus Medicago

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mariani ◽  
F. Pupilli ◽  
O. Calderini
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Genetic Affinity ◽  
Karyological Analysis ◽  
Medicago Rugosa

Medicago rugosa and M. scutellata, two annual species of the genus Medicago, have aroused considerable interest because they carry useful traits that could be introduced into alfalfa and have a chromosome number (2n = 30) that is quite unusual in Medicago. A cytogenetic and molecular study was undertaken to investigate the annual diploid species with 2n = 16 and 2n = 14 that seem to be the most closely related to M. rugosa and M. scutellata, with the aim of characterizing these diploid species and determining their genetic relationship with the species with 2n = 30. Karyological analysis established that some of the diploid species investigated were more similar than the others to both M. rugosa and M. scutellata (as in the case of M. intertexta, M. rotata, and M. polymorpha) or at least to one of those two species (as was the case with M. doliata, M. muricoleptis, and M. murex). RFLP analysis identified four species, namely M. intertexta and M. muricoleptis with 2n = 16, and M. polymorpha and M. murex with 2n = 14, as having the highest degree of genetic affinity with the two species with 30 chromosomes. These findings suggest the possibility of identifying the ancestors of M. rugosa and M. scutellata among those four species and therefore of verifying the probable allopolyploid origin of the two species in question. Keywords: Medicago, annual species, karyotypes, RFLPs.

Diploid ancestry and evolution of Triticum kotschyi and T. peregrinum examined using variation in repeated nucleotide sequences

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Bin Zhang ◽  
Jan Dvořák ◽  
J. Giles Waines
Keyword(s):  
Diploid Species ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Gene Clone ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Tetraploid Species ◽  
Genome Modification ◽  
Aegilops Sharonensis ◽  
5S Rrna Gene ◽  
Aegilops Variabilis ◽  
Allotetraploid Species

Triticum peregrinum Hackel (syn. Aegilops variabilis Eig) and T. kotschyi (Boiss.) Bowden (syn. Ae. kotschyi Boiss.) are closely related allotetraploid species. Previous research indicated that they have a pair of U genomes from diploid T. umbellulatum (Zhuk.) Hackel and a pair of S genomes from a diploid species of Triticum section Sitopsis. To reinvestigate the origin of their genomes, we identified diagnostic bands in Southern blots hybridized with 27 cloned repeated nucleotide sequences and one 5S rRNA gene clone for all diploid species of Triticum L. sensu Bowden. The presence of each diagnostic band was then determined in the two tetraploid species. One pair of the genomes in both tetraploid species was found to be virtually identical to the U genome of T. umbellulatum and the other to the S1 genome of T. longissimum (Schweif. et Muschl.) Bowden or T. sharonense (Eig) Waines &Johnson (syn. Aegilops sharonensis Eig) or the internode in the phylogenetic tree of Triticum immediately preceding the divergence of T. longissimum and T. sharonense. The source of the S genomes in T. kotschyi and T. peregrinum inferred from our data differs from that inferred from cpDNA. This indicates the need to investigate the origin of nuclear genomes with nuclear genetic markers. No evidence for an extensive modification of the S genome relative to that of T. longissimum or T. sharonense was found in either tetraploid.Key words: phylogeny, polyploids, Triticum, Aegilops, Aegilops kotschyi, Aegilops variabilis, genome origin, genome modification.

CYTOTAXONOMIC STUDIES ON EREMOPYRUM

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyabrata Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Diploid Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tetraploid Species ◽  
Generic Status ◽  
Annual Habit ◽  
Sterility Barrier

Five species are included in the genus Eremopyrum, namely, E. triticeum, E. hirsutum, E. buonapartis, E. orientale, and E. distans. Of these, the first two are diploids with 2n = 14, while the rest are tetraploids with 2n = 28. The karyotypes of the two diploid species are different from those of any other member, of the Triticineae in that they have chromosomes with extremely subterminal centromeres. The karyotype of each of the three tetraploid species shows a mixture of two types of chromosomes: seven pairs with extreme subterminal centromeres and the other seven pairs with median or submedian centromeres. This indicates that these are amphidiploids between triticeum–hirsutum-like taxa and perhaps some diploid species of crested Agropyron. In view of the karyotypic peculiarity, annual habit, and reported sterility barrier, the decision to give Eremopyrum generic status is supported.

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