scholarly journals Próba określenia sztywności słomy pszenic ozimych na podstawie pomiarów nielicznych roślin [Attempt to Estimate the Stiffness of Winter Wheat straw by Measuring small Numbers of Plants]

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-73
Author(s):  
T. Ruebenbauer ◽  
H. Riegerowa
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Straw

scholarly journals Winter Wheat Straw Decomposition under Different Nitrogen Fertilizers

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Gabriela Mühlbachová ◽  
Pavel Růžek ◽  
Helena Kusá ◽  
Radek Vavera ◽  
Martin Káš
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Rainy Weather ◽  
N Fertilisers

The climate changes and increased drought frequency still more frequent in recent periods bring challenges to management with wheat straw remaining in the field after harvest and to its decomposition. The field experiment carried out in 2017–2019 in the Czech Republic aimed to evaluate winter wheat straw decomposition under different organic and mineral nitrogen fertilizing (urea, pig slurry and digestate with and without inhibitors of nitrification (IN)). Treatment Straw 1 with fertilizers was incorporated in soil each year the first day of experiment. The Straw 2 was placed on soil surface at the same day as Straw 1 and incorporated together with fertilizers after 3 weeks. The Straw 1 decomposition in N treatments varied between 25.8–40.1% and in controls between 21.5–33.1% in 2017–2019. The Straw 2 decomposition varied between 26.3–51.3% in N treatments and in controls between 22.4–40.6%. Higher straw decomposition in 2019 was related to more rainy weather. The drought observed mainly in 2018 led to the decrease of straw decomposition and to the highest contents of residual mineral nitrogen in soils. The limited efficiency of N fertilisers on straw decomposition under drought showed a necessity of revision of current strategy of N treatments and reduction of N doses adequately according the actual weather conditions.

Prospects of Winter Wheat Straw for Energy Production

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keri B Cantrell ◽  
Don W Watts ◽  
David H Gunter
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Energy Production

Influence of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Straw Mulch and Metolachlor on Corn (Zea mays) Growth and Yield

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail A. Wicks ◽  
Don A. Crutchfield ◽  
Orvin C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Wheat Straw Mulch

The presence of wheat straw mulch in no-tillage systems can increase corn yields in the central Great Plains, but information is needed on the optimal mulch level and the toxicity of metolachlor on corn growth. Research was conducted to determine the effect of winter wheat straw mulch levels of 0, 1.7, 3.4, 5.1, and 6.8 t ha–1and metolachlor rates of 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5X-rates on corn growth and yield in a winter wheat-ecofallow-corn-fallow rotation at three locations across Nebraska. Response of corn to different mulch levels and metolachlor rates varied with climate and location. In general, early corn growth was retarded by increasing amounts of mulch due to reduced soil temperatures, but after tasseling corn grew taller under increasing mulch levels because of increased soil moisture. Soil water content, kernel moisture at harvest, stover dry matter, total dry matter, ears per plant, and kernel weight increased with increasing mulch level. Corn grain yield reached a maximum at a mulch level of 5.1 t ha–1. Kernel weight, kernel number, and grain yield increased with higher mulch levels and 0.5 and 1.0X metolachlor rates as weed competition was reduced, but decreased at the 1.5X-rate of metolachlor due to corn injury. Lack of sufficient growing degree-days to compensate for lower soil temperatures or corn injury reduced corn yields at the higher mulch levels and 1.5X-rate of metolachlor in west-central and western Nebraska. From a practical standpoint, a mulch level of 3.4 to 5.1 t ha–1and a metolachlor rate near the X-rate should increase corn yield (14 to 15%) over unmulched corn in the central Great Plains.

Winter wheat straw management on subsequent processing tomato yield, quality, economics and nitrogen dynamics

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L. Van Eerd ◽  
Steven A. Loewen ◽  
Richard J. Vyn
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Straw Management ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Subsequent Crop ◽  
Yield Quality

Van Eerd, L. L., Loewen, S. A. and Vyn, R. J. 2015. Winter wheat straw management on subsequent processing tomato yield, quality, economics and nitrogen dynamics. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 273–283. The removal of crop residues to meet the anticipated demand for the bioeconomy sector may impact subsequent crop productivity. A field experiment was designed to evaluate the response of processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw management practices of: (1) retaining straw, (2) removing straw, or (3) retaining straw with a fall application of calcium ammonium nitrate at 34 kg N ha−1 to enhance straw decomposition. At two locations in 2006–2009, a split-plot design within a randomized complete block experiment, with wheat straw management as main-plot factor and nitrogen fertilizer (0 and 145 or 224 kg N ha−1) to the tomato crop as split-plot factor. At Ridgetown, marketable and total yield and profit margins were significantly higher with straw retained compared with straw removed treatments (total yield of 74.4 vs. 66.3 Mg ha−1 yr−1, respectively) but the straw retained plus fall N treatment (total yield 72.8 Mg ha−1 yr−1) was not different. However, at Leamington, straw management had no effect on yield or profit margins likely due to the rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop used in the production system. At both locations, tomato quality (color, pH, soluble solids) was not influenced by straw or N management. Nitrogen fertilizer application to tomato had a significant effect on total processing yield, soil mineral N, and plant N, but wheat straw management had no effect on these parameters and there were no N fertilizer by straw management interactions. Winter wheat straw management did not impact soil N fertility for subsequent crop production. Thus, there may be significant undesired effects of removing crop residues on a subsequent crop yield; however, planting a cover crop may mitigate subsequent yield losses associated with biomass removal.

Residual nitrogen pools in mature winter wheat straw as affected by nitrogen application

2020 ◽  
Vol 453 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 561-575
Author(s):  
Jan Van Hecke ◽  
Rasmus la Cour ◽  
Henning Jørgensen ◽  
Jan K. Schjoerring
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Residual Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Pools

scholarly journals Rapid estimation of sugar release from winter wheat straw during bioethanol production using FTIR-photoacoustic spectroscopy

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Bekiaris ◽  
Jane Lindedam ◽  
Clément Peltre ◽  
Stephen R. Decker ◽  
Geoffrey B. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Photoacoustic Spectroscopy ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Rapid Estimation ◽  
Sugar Release

Liquid N and S Fertilizer Solutions Effects on the Mass, Chemical, and Shear Strength Properties of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Residue

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-682
Author(s):  
Yuxin He ◽  
DeAnn R. Presley ◽  
John Tatarko
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Microbial Decomposition ◽  
Residue Decomposition

Abstract. To improve stand establishment in high crop residue situations, the utility of fertilizer to stimulate microbial decomposition of residue has been debated. Field experiments assessed winter wheat () straw decomposition under different fertilizer rates and application timings at three sites in western Kansas following wheat harvest in 2011 and 2012. Treatments included urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) applied at rates of 0, 22.4, 44.8, or 67.2 kg N ha-1 and ammonium thiosulfate (ATS) applied at rates of 16.8 or 33.6 kg S ha-1. Residue was collected and characterized for physical and chemical parameters. A double shear box apparatus instrumented with a load cell measured the energy required to cut wheat straw. Photomicrography and image analysis software were used to measure the cross-sectional area of each individual wheat straw after shearing, and these data were used to calculate shear stress and specific energy parameters. Total C and N contents were measured for bulk wheat straw samples from each plot. Some differences among treatments or timing of application were observed for each of the measured parameters. However, the results were inconsistent, and few sampling periods had significant differences in wheat straw decomposition indicators as compared to the no-fertilizer control. For example, fertilizer rate and timing of application during summer 2012 and fall 2013 at the Hays site had impacts on wheat straw shear stress at the break point. Across site years, earlier (fall) fertilizer application generally resulted in lower remaining residue mass as compared to spring application. However, there were no differences when compared to the no-fertilizer control. Multivariate and linear regressions suggested that N content and C:N ratio could explain the results observed with respect to treatment effects on winter wheat residue decomposition. Keywords: Liquid fertilizer, Residue decomposition, Shear stress, Specific energy.

Rumen degradation of straw. 10. Consistency of differences in nutritive value between varieties of cereal straws

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
W. J. Shand ◽  
D. Tedesco ◽  
L. A. F. Morrice
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Ruminal Degradation

ABSTRACTThe consistency of differences between varieties in nutritive value of cereal straws was tested over 3 years consecutively for nine varieties of spring barley and 10 varieties of winter wheat straw and over 2 years consecutively for 12 varieties of winter barley and six varieties of oats. For all varieties there were large year-to-year differences in nutritive value measured by ruminal degradation characteristics using the nylon bag technique. For spring barley there were large differences between varieties and the correlations between varieties in different years were mostly in excess of r = 0·90 for 48-h degradability and maximum potential degradability. For winter wheat the correlations between varieties for different years were lower but mostly significant. For the winter barley differences between varieties were less, but even so differences between varieties in different years were significant. For oats differences between the varieties were small and there was no significant correlation within varieties between years. The results suggest that the nutritive value of cereal straws is generally consistent between years and is a characteristic that could be improved by selection.

Genetic Variability of Elemental Concentration in Winter Wheat Straw†

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 2020-2027 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. El-Nashaar ◽  
G. M. Banowetz ◽  
C. J. Peterson ◽  
S. M. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Elemental Concentration

scholarly journals Microbiological Characteristics of Biohumus and Humin Extract

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gneush ◽  
Inna Zholobova ◽  
Alexander Petenko ◽  
Darya Antipova ◽  
Denis Yurin
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Microscopic Fungus ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics

This article describes the technology of biohumus and humic extract production and their microbiological characteristics. We developed technology from cattle manure and winter wheat straw in a biodynamic fermenter to obtain biohumus. The received biohumus and the humic extract recovered therefrom were subjected to microbiological analysis. The largest physiological groups of microorganisms in the biohumus were aminoautotrophic microorganisms and ammonifiers. The influence of humic extraction on soil mycobiota was estimated which showed that 30 days after the processing of soil by humic extraction, the quantity of phytopathogenic micromycetes of genus Fusarium decreased by 3.9 times and of genus Penicillium by 1.2 times. The quantity of micromycetes of genus Aspergillus largely did not change, and the quantity of micromycetes saprophytes of genus Trichoderma increased by 2.0 times. After the humic extract treatment, the ratio of saprophytic and pathogenic groups of microscopic fungus in the soil was more than 10, which ensured their sufficient suppression. Thus, the phytosanitary state of the tested soil sample after treatment with humic extract significantly improved, which made it possible to recommend the use of humic extract for soil treatment not only as an organic fertilizer, but also for the purpose of reducing the content of phytopathogenic microscopic fungus therein. Keywords: biohumus, humic extract, soil, microorganisms, microscopic fungus, phytosanitary state

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