Investigation of Acid Proteinase and Phospholipase Activity as Virulence Factors in Clinical Aspergillus spp. Isolates

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asuman BİRİNCİ ◽  
Kemal BİLGİN ◽  
Yeliz TANRIVERDİ ÇAYCI
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Acid Proteinase ◽  
Phospholipase Activity

scholarly journals Virulence Factors Contributing to Pathogenicity ofCandida tropicalisand Its Antifungal Susceptibility Profile

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin C. Deorukhkar ◽  
Santosh Saini ◽  
Stephen Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Haemolytic Activity ◽  
Phospholipase Activity ◽  
Fluconazole Resistance ◽  
Activity Maximum ◽  
The Past

The incidence of invasive candidiasis has increased over the past few decades. AlthoughCandida albicansremains by far the most common species encountered, in recent years shift towards non-albicans Candidaspecies likeCandida tropicalisis noted. Here in this study we determined the virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility profile of 125C. tropicalisisolated from various clinical specimens. Biofilm formation was seen in 53 (42.4%) isolates. Coagulase production was noted in 18 (14.4%) isolates. Phospholipase enzyme was the major virulent factor produced byC. tropicalisisolates. A total of 39 biofilm forming isolates showed phospholipase activity. Proteinase activity was demonstrated by 65 (52%) isolates. A total of 38 (30.4%) isolates showed haemolytic activity. Maximum isolates demonstrated resistance to fluconazole. Fluconazole resistance was more common inC. tropicalisisolated from blood cultures. Antifungal resistance was more in isolates possessing the ability to produce phospholipase and biofilm.C. tropicalisexhibit a great degree of variation not only in their pathogenicity but also in their antifungal susceptibility profile. The identification of virulence attributes specific for each species and their correlation with each other will aid in the understanding of the pathogenesis of infection.

Viral protease inhibitors affect the production of virulence factors in Cryptococcus neoformans

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 932-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J.C. Sidrim ◽  
L.V. Perdigão-Neto ◽  
R.A. Cordeiro ◽  
R.S.N. Brilhante ◽  
J.J.G. Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Phospholipase Activity ◽  
Viral Protease ◽  
Capsule Production ◽  
Capsule Thickness

The effects of the protease inhibitors saquinavir, darunavir, ritonavir, and indinavir on growth inhibition, protease and phospholipase activities, as well as capsule thickness of Cryptococcus neoformans were investigated. Viral protease inhibitors did not reduce fungal growth when tested in concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 1.000 mg/L. A tendency toward increasing phospholipase activity was observed with the highest tested drug concentration in a strain-specific pattern. However, these drugs reduced protease activity as well as capsule production. Our results confirm a previous finding that antiretroviral drugs affect the production of important virulence factors of C. neoformans.

scholarly journals Effects of changes in culture conditions on the virulence and antifungal susceptibility of dairy cow mastitis fungal isolates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yue ◽  
Shengyan Ma ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Xuezhang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Phospholipase Activity ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility

Abstract Background: In recent years, the number of incidences of dairy cow mastitis caused by non-albicans Candida (NAC) have increased owing to the virulence factors, including cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) and phospholipase activity, of the causative agents, namely, Candida krusei and Candida parasitica. Temperature and pH changes in the cow's udder after fungal infection and unreasonable medication can affect the antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp. and their expression of virulence factors. Methods: In this study, the effects of different temperatures and pH on the virulence of NAC strains were tested, and the in vitro susceptibility of the fungal strains to Cu2+ and antibacterial agents were examined. Besides, the changes in the virulence factors of Candida spp., including biphasicity, hemolytic activity, CSH, and phospholipase activity under these test conditions were investigated, and the internal relationship between these factors was analyzed. Results: The results showed that the virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp. could be altered through changes in various physiological conditions. Both temperature and pH were noted to be important factors affecting Candida growth, antifungal susceptibility, and expression of virulence factors. Cu2+ inhibited the growth and virulence factors expression of Candida spp., whereas antibacterial agents directly promoted the growth of Candida spp., making them resistant, which is one of the reasons for breast inflammation symptoms in cows. Conclusions: These results on virulence factors, antifungal susceptibility, and physiological characteristics of NAC provide a theoretical basis for understanding and treating dairy cow mastitis caused by NAC.

Enterococcal Virulence Determinants In Urinary Tract Infection Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Jabin Akhter ◽  
Shaheda Anwar ◽  
Sharmeen Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Microtitre Plate ◽  
Microbiological Method ◽  
Enterococcal Infection ◽  
Microtitre Plate Assay ◽  
Positive Frequency

Urinary tract infection caused by Enterococci has become frequent occurrences in health care settings. Currently they emerged with increasing resistance to multiple antibiotics.  Haemolysin, gelatinase and biofilm production are some markers that have been proposed as possible Enterococcal virulence factors. In view of the increasing importance of Enterococcal infection, the present study was designed to isolate and identify the Enterococci to the species level from urine of urinary tract infection patients and to investigate their possible virulence factors. Biofilm was detected on polystyrene microtitre plate to see the adherence of microorganism. Haemolysin production and gelatin hydrolysis detected by standard microbiological method. Fifty nine enterococcal isolates were speciated by conventional microbiological method and examined for their ability to form biofilm by microtitre plate assay. In this study, biofilm formations by Enterococci were found in 83.33% isolates from catheterized and 56.09% from non-catheterized patients. Aong them, E.faecalis & 50% E.faecium produced biofilm. About 43.63% E.faecalis & 10% E.faecium produced haemolysin and only one isolate were found to be gelatinase positive. Frequency of virulence factors (VFs) in combination was observed in this study. Two VFs (haemolysin and biofilm) were observed in 27.11% in combination and 3 VFs ( haemolysinm biofilm and gelatinase) were present in 1.69% isolates. These results suggest that although there may not be an absolute role for individual virulence determinants in infectivity, combinations of factors may play a role in allowing a biofilm infection to be more resistant to therapy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v6i1.19361 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2012; 06(01): 14-17

Microbiological characteristic bacteria of the genus Legionella: classification, morphology and physiology, virulence factors – part I

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Sikora ◽  
Małgorzata Wójtowicz-Bobin ◽  
Anna Sikora ◽  
Maria Kozioł-Montewka ◽  
Dagmara Strzelec - Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors

Investigation on bla Ctx-M-1 , Virulence Factors and Multidruge Resistance in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Bacteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-221
Author(s):  
Hadi Rahman Rasheed Al-Taai ◽  
◽  
Zainab Mohammed Hameed ◽  
Izdehar Mohammed Jasim
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Virulence Factors
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