Decay of Picea abies snag stands on steep mountain slopes

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea D Kupferschmid Albisetti ◽  
Peter Brang ◽  
Walter Schönenberger ◽  
Harald Bugmann
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Prevailing Wind Direction ◽  
Almost All

In a 30-ha Picea abies mountain forest in the Swiss Alps, almost all trees were killed by bark beetles (Ips typographus) between 1992 and 1996. Snag decay was studied using full-callipering within transects, and the height of lying logs above ground level was studied using the line intersect method. None of the dead trees had been uprooted, but 75% were found broken in 2000. The probability of snag breakage was independent of both tree diameter and time since stand death, but 28% of the snags broke close to the ground during a storm in December 1999. The log sections that were not in direct contact with the ground (73% of the log length sampled) were on average 85 cm above the soil surface in 2001. The orientation of the logs could be explained with the prevailing wind direction even on this steep slope. Leaving snag stands unharvested in P. abies forests on such slopes is likely to result in effective protection against rockfall and avalanche release for about 30 years. Key words: Norway spruce, bark beetle, decay process, rockfall, avalanche, mountain forest, Switzerland, decomposition, coarse woody debris

Wood-inhabiting cryptogams on dead Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees in managed Swedish boreal forests

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Kruys ◽  
Clas Fries ◽  
Bengt Gunnar Jonsson ◽  
Tomas Lämås ◽  
Göran Ståhl
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Red Lists ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Utilization Patterns ◽  
Specific Species

We surveyed the quantity and quality of dead Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees and wood-inhabiting cryptogams in a managed boreal forest landscape in northern Sweden. Size and decay of dead trees was related to substrate utilization by wood-inhabiting species. Coarse woody debris (CWD) was surveyed along 34 strip transects. CWD and wood-inhabiting cryptogams were surveyed in eight circular plots at each site. A total of 6195 spruce CWD units occurred along strip transects and 809 spruce CWD units in circular plots. On average 2.2 m3/ha spruce CWD was found on the plots. The majority (63%) of the transect CWD units were <10 cm diameter and in early to intermediate decay stages. Sixty-eight wood-specific species of fungi, lichens, mosses, and hepatics occurred on the plots. Of these, 13 occurred on [Formula: see text]5% of the 809 CWD units surveyed for wood-inhabiting species. Eight species occur on the Swedish red lists, indicating that such species are indeed uncommon in managed forests. Red-listed species showed strong preferences for large diameter CWD and CWD in late decay stages, i.e., substrates that are poorly represented in managed forests. Frequently occurring species, however, showed utilization patterns that correspond with the distribution of the substrate types.

scholarly journals Forest structural complexity in habitats with presence and absence of the Caucasian grouse (Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi) in the Arasbaran biosphere reserve, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajad Ghanbari ◽  
Kiomars Sefidi ◽  
Pedro Álvarez-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Presence And Absence

Abstract Forest structural complexity can vary among different types of habitat and is defined by the dependency of species on resources. The positive relationship between structural complexity and forest functions is of increasing interest to researchers. In this study, we focused on the structural complexity of the habitat of the Caucasian grouse ( Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi ), which is an indicator species in mountain forest habitats in the Arasbaran biosphere reserve, Iran. Data were collected from previously identified presence and absence locations of this species. Three sample plots were chosen at random in each area (six sample plots in total). The main parameters measured were type of species, diameter and height of trees, shrub and regeneration, and number and diameter of coarse woody debris. Overstorey tree species richness differed in the absence and presence locations, with 16 and 12 species respectively. Understory species richness was also different in the absence (15 species) and presence (10 species) locations. The Caucasian grouse was observed in the site with trees smaller than 10 cm and a balanced density of trees smaller than 5 cm. Overall, the SCI was higher in the absence location than in the presence location. The heterogeneity of the stand structure in grouse habitats was low. The area where the Caucasian grouse was present was characterized by small numbers of dead trees and also low log volume. Maintaining a heterogenous forest structure is important for protecting this species. Conservation of fruit trees that are fed on by the grouse is also recommended.

scholarly journals Patterns of laccase and peroxidases in coarse woody debris of Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris and their relation to different wood parameters

2015 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Arnstadt ◽  
Björn Hoppe ◽  
Tiemo Kahl ◽  
Harald Kellner ◽  
Dirk Krüger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris

Rosellinia bunodes. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Grevillea Robusta ◽  
Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Petiveria Alliacea ◽  
Tropical America

Abstract A description is provided for Rosellinia bunodes. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On arrowroot, Artocarpus integer, avocado, banana, cacao, camphor, cassava, Centrosemapubescens, Cinchona, Citrus, coffee, Colocasia antiquorum, Crotalaria, Desmodium gyroides, Dryobalanops aromatica, Erythrina, ginger, Gliricidia, Grevillea robusta, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Holigarna longifolia, Indigofera, Inga laurina, Leucaena glauca, Litsea, pepper (black), Petiveria alliacea, Phyllanthus, rattan, rubber, Schleichera trijuga, tea, Tephrosia and yams. DISEASE: Black root rot, mainly of tropical and subtropical woody hosts; plurivorous but described mostly from cacao (Theobroma cacao), quinine (Cinchona spp.), coffee (Coffea spp.), rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) and tea (Camellia sinensis). Wilt and death of the whole plant or single branches may be the first signs of attack. At the collar the mycelial sheet is at first cream-white shading to purplish-black and may extend well above the soil surface in damp conditions. On the root surface the firm, black, branching strands are firmly applied and thicken into irregular knots. In the cortex the strands have a black periphery and white core; in the wood they appear thread-like and black or sometimes as dots in transverse section. In culture the mycelium is white, later buff with black strands. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in tropical America and also in Central African Republic, India (Nilgris, Maharashtra). Indonesia (Java, Sumatra), Malaysia (W.), Philippines. Sri Lanka (Ceylon) and Zaire Republic (CMI Map 358, ed. 2, 1970). Additional records not yet mapped are Honduras, Panama. TRANSMISSION: As mycelium from surface oreanic litter and woody debris.

scholarly journals Remotely Sensed Single Tree Data Enable the Determination of Habitat Thresholds for the Three-Toed Woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Zielewska-Büttner ◽  
Marco Heurich ◽  
Jörg Müller ◽  
Veronika Braunisch
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Substrate Quality ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Negative Effect

Forest biodiversity conservation requires precise, area-wide information on the abundance and distribution of key habitat structures at multiple spatial scales. We combined airborne laser scanning (ALS) data with color-infrared (CIR) aerial imagery for identifying individual tree characteristics and quantifying multi-scale habitat requirements using the example of the three-toed woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus) (TTW) in the Bavarian Forest National Park (Germany). This bird, a keystone species of boreal and mountainous forests, is highly reliant on bark beetles dwelling in dead or dying trees. While previous studies showed a positive relationship between the TTW presence and the amount of deadwood as a limiting resource, we hypothesized a unimodal response with a negative effect of very high deadwood amounts and tested for effects of substrate quality. Based on 104 woodpecker presence or absence locations, habitat selection was modelled at four spatial scales reflecting different woodpecker home range sizes. The abundance of standing dead trees was the most important predictor, with an increase in the probability of TTW occurrence up to a threshold of 44–50 dead trees per hectare, followed by a decrease in the probability of occurrence. A positive relationship with the deadwood crown size indicated the importance of fresh deadwood. Remote sensing data allowed both an area-wide prediction of species occurrence and the derivation of ecological threshold values for deadwood quality and quantity for more informed conservation management.

Relative abundance and species richness of cerambycid beetles in partial cut and uncut bottomland hardwood forests

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 2100-2108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patti Newell ◽  
Sammy King
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Bottomland Hardwood ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Bottomland Hardwood Forests ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Cerambycid Beetles

Partial cutting techniques are increasingly advocated and used to create habitat for priority wildlife. However, partial cutting may or may not benefit species dependent on deadwood; harvesting can supplement coarse woody debris in the form of logging slash, but standing dead trees may be targeted for removal. We sampled cerambycid beetles during the spring and summer of 2006 and 2007 with canopy malaise traps in 1- and 2-year-old partial cut and uncut bottomland hardwood forests of Louisiana. We captured a total of 4195 cerambycid beetles representing 65 species. Relative abundance was higher in recent partial cuts than in uncut controls and with more dead trees in a plot. Total species richness and species composition were not different between treatments. The results suggest partial cuts with logging slash left on site increase the abundance of cerambycid beetles in the first few years after partial cutting and that both partial cuts and uncut forest should be included in the bottomland hardwood forest landscape.

scholarly journals Resources of dead wood in the municipal forests in Warsaw

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Skwarek ◽  
Szymon Bijak
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Standing Dead ◽  
High Degree

Abstract Dead wood plays an important role for the biodiversity of forest ecosystems and influences their proper development. This study assessed the amount of coarse woody debris in municipal forests in Warsaw (central Poland). Based on the forest site type, dominant tree species and age class, we stratified all complexes of the Warsaw urban forests in order to allocate 55 sample plots. For these plots, we determined the volume of dead wood including standing dead trees, coarse woody debris and broken branches as well as uprooted trees. We calculated the amount of dead wood in the distinguished site-species-age layers and for individual complexes. The volume of dead matter in municipal forests in Warsaw amounted to 38,761 m3, i.e. 13.7 m3/ha. The obtained results correspond to the current regulations concerning the amount of dead organic matter to be left in forests. Only in the Las Bielański complex (northern Warsaw) volume of dead wood is comparable to the level observed in Polish national parks or nature reserves, which is still far lower than the values found for natural forests. In general, municipal forests in Warsaw stand out positively in terms of dead wood quantity and a high degree of variation in the forms and dimensions of dead wood.

scholarly journals The structure of forest stands in the Tatra National Park: The results of 2016–2017 inventory

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Bodziarczyk ◽  
Jerzy Szwagrzyk ◽  
Tomasz Zwijacz-Kozica ◽  
Antoni Zięba ◽  
Janusz Szewczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
National Park ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Protection Zone ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Standing Dead ◽  
Elevation Zone ◽  
Standing Dead Trees ◽  
Tatra National Park

Abstract The composition and structure of forest stands in the Tatra National Park were examined using data gathered in 2016 and 2017 from 617 circular sample plots (0.05 ha each). The diameter at breast height of all living trees, standing dead trees, snags, and wind throws was measured along with diameters and lengths of fallen logs within the plot boundaries. Tree height was measured for all living trees within the core (0.01 ha) of the sample plots. Using the obtained data, height-diameter curves were calculated for all major tree species and in the case of spruce, the height-diameter relationships were also calculated separately for each of the three elevation zones (up to 1200 m, between 1200 and 1400 m, above 1400 m). For each elevation zone and park protection zone, we also determined the volumes of live and dead trees. The volume of living trees in the Tatra National Park amounted to 259 m3/ha, which was higher than the volume of dead trees (176 m3/ha). Snags constituted the largest part of the dead wood whilst over 97% of the standing dead trees were spruce Picea abies. Among living trees, the share of spruce ranged from 81% in the low elevation zone to 98% in the middle zone. Other significant species in the lower zone were Abies alba (11%) and Fagus sylvatica (4.5%), while in the middle and upper elevation zones only Sorbus aucuparia occurred in significant numbers. Furthermore, in the lower elevation zone, Fagus sylvatica was the only species displaying significantly higher volumes in the ‘strict protection’ zone compared to the other park areas. In the ‘landscape protection’ zone, Picea abies was the most dominant species and the share of other species in the lowest elevation zones calculated based on tree density was smaller than calculated based on tree volume, indicating problems with stand conversion from spruce monoculture to mixed forest.

Winter Occurance and Spring Migration of Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) (Thysanoptera: Tripidae) in North Carolina Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Fields

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
L. E. Garcia ◽  
R. L. Brandenburg ◽  
G. G. Kennedy ◽  
J. E. Bailey ◽  
J. R. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Prevailing Wind Direction ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract Overwintering of Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), tobacco thrips, in North Carolina and their subsequent spring movement into peanut fields were evaluated using two winter sampling techniques and three spring sampling techniques at the Peanut Belt Res. Sta., Lewiston, NC. In the spring of 1992 and 1993, for 14 d following peanut planting, the aerial movement of tobacco thrips was monitored using cylindrical sticky traps, trap plants, and exclusion cages. Frankliniellafusca were trapped significantly more often at 0.2 m and 0.9 m than at 1.8 m and during the afternoons. Thrips catch was significantly influenced by prevailing wind direction. No thrips were caught on sticky traps on days when maximum temperatures did not exceed 18.7 C. Frankliniella fusca began to colonize emerging peanut plants as they cracked the soil surface on days when there were temperatures above 18.7 C and times when there was no precipitation. Aerial F. fusca movement was monitored with sticky traps for three consecutive winters during 1993–96. Tobacco thrips were collected on sticky traps throughout the winter; however, counts were lower in months and years with lower temperatures. Tobacco thrips, caged throughout the winter with peanut plants infected with tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), were analyzed for the presence of a nonstructural protein (NSs) encoded for by the small RNA of TSWV and infectivity by ELISA. A total of eight tobacco thrips were collected, of which one tested positive.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Real-Time Measurement of Isoprene and 2-Methyl-3-Buten-2-ol Emissions From Trees Using SIFT-MS

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Sophie Lehnert ◽  
Erica Perreca ◽  
Jonathan Gershenzon ◽  
Georg Pohnert ◽  
Susan E. Trumbore
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Proton Transfer Reaction ◽  
Terrestrial Vegetation ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
On Line ◽  
Measuring Tool

The C5 hemiterpenes isoprene and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO) are important biogenic volatiles emitted from terrestrial vegetation. Isoprene is emitted from many plant groups, especially trees such as Populus, while emission of MBO is restricted to certain North American conifers, including species of Pinus. MBO is also a pheromone emitted by several conifer bark beetles. Both isoprene and MBO have typically been measured by proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), but this method cannot accurately distinguish between them because of their signal overlap. Our study developed a method for using selective ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) that allows simultaneous on-line measurement of isoprene and MBO by employing different reagent ions. The use of m/z(NO+) = 68 u for isoprene and m/z(O2+) = 71 u for MBO gave minimal interference between the compounds. We tested the suitability of the method by measuring the emission of young trees of Populus, Picea, and Pinus. Our results largely confirm previous findings that Populus nigra, Picea glauca, and Picea abies emit isoprene and Pinus ponderosa emits MBO, but we also found MBO to be emitted by Picea abies. Thus SIFT-MS provides a reliable, easy to use, on-line measuring tool to distinguish between isoprene and MBO. The method should be of use to atmospheric chemists, tree physiologists and forest entomologists, among others.

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