scholarly journals Improving long-term forest ecology research for the 21st century

1999 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Lautenschlager
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Forest Ecology ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Ecosystem Research ◽  
Public Comment ◽  
Landscape Monitoring ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Forest Vegetation Management

Changes in scientific views, approaches, and the public's environmental concerns have broadened the foci of silvicultural research from individuals in stands to these plus other interacting components at broader temporal and spatial scales. Present studies have benefited from increasing interdisciplinary ecological study; however, even the most interdisciplinary research and management could be improved by (1) moving beyond public comment to incorporating the public's environmental concerns into experimental and management designs; (2) being conducted at scales (time and space) that are appropriate to ecosystem components of greatest concern; (3) encouraging researchers and managers to test their knowledge using landscape-level forest vegetation management and checking predictions using sufficient monitoring; and (4) recognizing that within-study integration will require identifying study-appropriate integrative currencies. Key words: ecosystem research, integrative currency, landscape, monitoring, public values, scale, solutions

Long-term assessment of surface dynamics in the Tyrrhenian Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Zambianchi ◽  
Naomi Krauzig ◽  
Pierpaolo Falco
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Surface Dynamics ◽  
Surface Circulation ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

<p>The variability of surface dynamics has been investigated extensively in the Mediterranean Sea for different temporal and spatial coverage, whereas a specific evaluation for the area of the Tyrrhenian Sea does not exist. Thus, this study is focused on the Tyrrhenian basin, a subbasin of the western Mediterranean, which is considered sensitive to climatic variations due to its small size and isolated nature. The main scope is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the sea surface warming, the sea level changes and the general surface circulation in the Tyrrhenian Sea, as well as to improve the understanding of the relation to large-scale teleconnection patterns and to regional air-sea interaction. The long-term spatio-temporal variability and trends were investigated using satellite-derived, in-situ and reanalysis-based datasets up to the end of 2018. Further, the possible linkage with the occurrence of extreme weather events was assessed using observations from the European Severe Weather Database. The different datasets cover multiple temporal and spatial scales and enable the investigation of the potential physical processes related to the non-homogeneous, time-depended spatial variability. The results indicate a significant increase in sea level and sea surface temperature which appears to be linked with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), respectively. Moreover, analysis of the basin’s surface circulation together with local air-sea exchanges of heat, freshwater and momentum indicated a significant influence of the wind-driven Ekman pumping variability.</p>

scholarly journals Congruence between automatic fish counter data and rod catches of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Scottish rivers

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 808-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Thorley ◽  
D.M.R. Eatherley ◽  
A.B. Stephen ◽  
I. Simpson ◽  
J.C. MacLean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Residual Variation ◽  
Term Variation ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Counter Data

Abstract The potential utility of rod catch and automatic fish counter data as measures of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) abundance in Scottish rivers was assessed. The trend (long-term) and residual (short-term) variation in the net annual count for 12 counters were compared with the trend and residual variation in either the annual or spring (February–May) rod catch, as appropriate, for the fisheries district in which the counter is located. Trends were fitted using a cubic smoothing spline and compared using reference bands. In eight of the 12 short-term comparisons, the residuals were significantly correlated. The four incongruent short-term comparisons involved the shortest time-series (≤12 years) or lowest rod catches. In eight of the 12 long-term comparisons, the trends fell within the reference bands in 50% or more of the years. Rod catch and counter data both contain useful information about Atlantic salmon abundance, albeit on different temporal and spatial scales, which should be integrated into assessment schemes.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF INLET MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AT NAVIGATION INLETS IN SOUTHWEST FLORIDA, USA

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (32) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A Dabees ◽  
Brett D Moore
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Southwest Florida ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Morphologic Response ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

This paper describes numerical modeling of long-term evolution of inlet systems in southwest and central Florida. The paper discusses a general methodology developed following four case studies and application to the case study of Gordon Pass in southwest Florida. The case study of Gordon Pass demonstrates the importance of considering large temporal and spatial scales in evaluating morphologic response to inlet management practices. The results describe the evolution of Gordon Pass from 1930 to present. The analysis begins with natural conditions that existed before dredging or inlet modifications and investigates how inlet evolution can be influenced by navigation improvements and provide tools to evaluate alternatives.

The value of a broad temporal and spatial perspective in understanding dynamics of kelp forest ecosystems

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Reed ◽  
Andrew R. Rassweiler ◽  
Robert J. Miller ◽  
Henry M. Page ◽  
Sally J. Holbrook
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Kelp Forest ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Spatial Perspective ◽  
Ecological Responses ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Many ecological processes play out over longer time scales and larger spatial scales than can be studied in a traditional 2–4-year grant cycle. Uncertainties in future funding hinder efforts to implement comprehensive research programs that integrate coupled time series observations of physical variables and ecological responses, manipulative experiments and synthetic analyses over the long term. Such research is essential for advancing our understanding of ecological responses associated with climate change, and the physical and biological processes that control them. This need is perhaps greatest for ecosystems that display highly dynamic and spatially complex patterns that are difficult to explain with short-term, small-scale studies. Such is the case for kelp forest ecosystems, which often show tremendous spatial and temporal variability in resource supply, consumer control and physical disturbance across spatial scales of metres to hundreds of kilometres and temporal scales of hours to decades. Here we present four examples from the Santa Barbara Coastal Long-term Ecological Research project that demonstrate the value of a broad temporal and spatial perspective in understanding the causes and ecological consequences of short-term local dynamics of giant kelp forests of California, USA.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Drought-Monitoring Utility of GPM and TRMM Precipitation Products over Mainland China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 4153
Author(s):  
Shuai Cheng ◽  
Weiguang Wang ◽  
Zhongbo Yu
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Western China ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
Ground Observation ◽  
Trmm Precipitation ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the applicability of medium and long-term satellite rainfall estimation (SRE) precipitation products for drought monitoring over mainland China. Four medium and long-term (19 a) SREs, i.e., the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) 3B42V7, the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement V06 post-real time Final Run precipitation products (IMF6), Global Rainfall Map in Near-real-time Gauge-calibrated Rainfall Product (GSMaP_Gauge_NRT) for product version 6 (GNRT6) and gauge-adjusted Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation V6 (GGA6) were considered. The accuracy of the four SREs was first evaluated against ground observation precipitation data. The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) based on four SREs was then compared at multiple temporal and spatial scales. Finally, four typical drought-influenced regions, i.e., the Northeast China Plain (NEC), Huang-Huai-Hai Plain (3HP), Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau (YGP) and South China (SC) were chosen as examples to analyze the ability of four SREs to capture the temporal and spatial changes of typical drought events. The results show that compared with GNRT6, the precipitation estimated by GGA6, IMF6 and 3B42V7 are in better agreement with the ground observation results. In the evaluation using SPEI, the four SREs performed well in eastern China but have large uncertainty in western China. GGA6 and IMF6 perform superior to GNRT6 and 3B42V7 in estimating SPEI and identifying typical drought events and behave almost the same. In general, GPM precipitation products have great potential to substitute TRMM precipitation products for drought monitoring. Both GGA6 and IMF6 are suitable for historical drought analysis. Due to the shorter time latency of data release and good performance in the eastern part of mainland China, GNRT6 and GGA6 might play a role for near real-time drought monitoring in the area. The results of this research will provide reference for the application of the SREs for drought monitoring in the GPM era.

scholarly journals A new concept in sustainable forest management – the need for forest ecosystem and landscape research

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 520-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kulhavý
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Forest Ecology ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Ecosystem Research ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Landscape Research ◽  
The Individual

The greatest advance in ecosystem research was made in the last century. The development and acceptance of forest ecology by foresters occurred because it provided a means for recognizing, understanding, classifying and mapping the natural variation of forests. Forest ecology involved studies at the individual, population, community, and ecosystem levels but such studies always needed to involve the ecosystem concept. Today, the new concept of “ecosystem and landscape forestry” integrating ecological and socio-economic research has been developed on the basis of EU COST Action E-25 European Network for a Long-term Forest Ecosystem and Landscape Research Programme. An analysis has been carried out of the present situation in forest research in the Czech Republic. The need for forest ecosystem and landscape research is obvious.

scholarly journals Conserving Refugia: What Are We Protecting and Why?

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Maurizio Rossetto ◽  
Robert Kooyman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Refugia play an important role in contributing to the conservation of species and communities by buffering environmental conditions over time. As large natural landscapes worldwide are declining and are increasingly threatened by extreme events, critical decision-making in biological conservation depends on improved understanding of what is being protected by refugia and why. We provide three novel definitions for refugia (i.e., persistent, future, and temporary) that incorporate ecological and evolutionary dynamics into a land management decision framework and are applicable across changing temporal and spatial settings. Definitions are supported by identification, core value, and management strategy criteria to assist short- and long-term decision-making. We illustrate these concepts using the World Heritage Gondwana Rainforests (WHGR) of eastern Australia, briefly exploring the spatial and temporal factors that can inform the development of conservation management strategies following the extreme fire events of 2019–2020. For the WHGR, available knowledge can be used to protect critical assets by recognizing and implementing buffer zones and corridor connections, and by undertaking emergency translocations of target species into safe areas that will act as future refugia. More broadly, we suggest that the identification and protection of ecological and evolutionary processes across varying temporal and spatial scales is central to securing improved biodiversity conservation outcomes.

scholarly journals Landscape biogeography and population structuring of a facultatively amphidromous galaxiid fish, Galaxias brevipinnis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Augspurger ◽  
Matt Jarvis ◽  
Graham Wallis ◽  
Tania King ◽  
Travis Ingram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Short Term ◽  
River Plumes ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Population Structuring ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Behavioural Mechanism ◽  
Amphidromous Species ◽  
Insight Into

Processes responsible for population structuring across spatial and temporal scales represent key components in understanding speciation and evolution. We use a hierarchical approach to investigate the degree and mechanisms of structuring in landlocked and diadromous populations of the facultatively amphidromous fish Galaxias brevipinnis across various temporal and spatial scales in southern New Zealand. To determine long-term structuring, multiple lakes and coastal sites were compared genetically. Short-term structuring was assessed using otolith microchemistry for a subset of sites, and behavioural mechanisms driving population structuring were assessed via larval distributions. Genetic data show that lakes foster divergence of lake-developing populations from each other and from coastal stream populations, whereas there is relatively little structuring within coast or lake populations. However, otolith analyses indicate that on a shorter time scale, most larvae do not disperse, i.e. recruitment is local. Thus, lake and coastal populations show a distinct meta-population structure based on catchment, in contrast to the prevailing assumption of widespread dispersal, with implications for management. Most larvae were distributed in river plumes, suggesting that a simple larval behavioural mechanism, e.g. positive rheotaxis, may result in larval retention within catchments and lakes. However, not all larvae were retained in plumes, creating opportunities for genetic exchange within-lake or among coastal sites. Genetic divergence of lake populations as a consequence of landscape and behaviour provides an insight into the potential of G. brevipinnis to diversify and speciate, when landscape and circumstances align, and also has implications for the management of this and other facultatively amphidromous species.

Alaska's Changing Boreal Forest

2006 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Frozen Ground ◽  
Long Term Ecological Research ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Animal Communities

The boreal forest is the northern-most woodland biome, whose natural history is rooted in the influence of low temperature and high-latitude. Alaska's boreal forest is now warming as rapidly as the rest of Earth, providing an unprecedented look at how this cold-adapted, fire-prone forest adjusts to change. This volume synthesizes current understanding of the ecology of Alaska's boreal forests and describes their unique features in the context of circumpolar and global patterns. It tells how fire and climate contributed to the biome's current dynamics. As climate warms and permafrost (permanently frozen ground) thaws, the boreal forest may be on the cusp of a major change in state. The editors have gathered a remarkable set of contributors to discuss this swift environmental and biotic transformation. Their chapters cover the properties of the forest, the changes it is undergoing, and the challenges these alterations present to boreal forest managers. In the first section, the reader can absorb the geographic and historical context for understanding the boreal forest. The book then delves into the dynamics of plant and animal communities inhabiting this forest, and the biogeochemical processes that link these organisms. In the last section the authors explore landscape phenomena that operate at larger temporal and spatial scales and integrates the processes described in earlier sections. Much of the research on which this book is based results from the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Here is a synthesis of the substantial literature on Alaska's boreal forest that should be accessible to professional ecologists, students, and the interested public.

scholarly journals COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT VERSIONS OF INPE'S FIRE RISK MODEL FOR THE BRAZILIAN BIOMES

2020 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W12-2020 ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
G. Martins ◽  
J. Nogueira ◽  
A. Setzer ◽  
F. Morelli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Model ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
Active Fire ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Vegetation Water ◽  
In Fire

Abstract. Fires are intrinsic disturbances in ecosystems functioning and structure in fire-prone biomes. In recent decades there has been an increase in the number of fire events in Brazilian biomes, especially due to misuse of fire in the land use and deforestation. The spatial and temporal pattern fire risk is a important way to understanding the seasonality and intensity of fire in different climate and fuel conditions. However, consistent long-term assessment at biome level is only possible with the support of remote sensing and modeling information. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the fire risk patterns for the Brazilian biomes in the last years (2015–2018), using the new version of INPE’s fire risk (FR, v2). Regarding the temporal and spatial FR patterns by this new version from FR model, we evaluated that elevation and latitude correction factors, as well as the meteorological and land cover datasets with finer spatial scales can be contributed to adjust better the fire season vulnerability, notably in the less prone-biomes, such as Mata Atlantica, Pampa and Pantanal. However, there is still a need for adjustment to match the spatial active fire distribution, considering a biomass (fuel) map and the vegetation water status indicators. These improvements help to inform with more accuracy the most fire prone areas to define the strategies and decisions for fire combat and management.

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