scholarly journals Status of research on the development of management tactics and strategies for the spruce bud moth in white spruce plantations

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 614-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean J. Turgeon
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Vertical Growth ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
Management Tactics

The spruce bud moth, Zeiraphera canadensis, represents an economic threat to white spruce, Picea glauca, managed for lumber production in eastern Canada. Larvae feed on developing shoots. Larval feeding on the leader adversely affects tree form and reduces vertical growth. Although the economic impact of this insect has not been critically established, it is feared that this damage could decrease the quality and value of the lumber produced and could delay harvest by several years. This paper reviews the information on the spruce bud moth life cycle, behaviour, impact, sampling and monitoring, and the possible management tactics investigated to date.

Pucciniastrum americanum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Laundon
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Rubus Idaeus

Abstract A description is provided for Pucciniastrum americanum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pycnia and aecia on Picea glauca (=P. canadensis), uredia and telia on Rubus idaeus (incl. R. strigosus) and R. leucodermis (raspberries). DISEASE: Needle rust of white spruce. Late leaf rust or late yellow rust of raspberry, infecting canes, leaves, petioles, calyces and fruits. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Canada and U.S.A. (widely distributed, recorded from British Columbia, Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Mass., Md, Me, Montana, North Dakota, New Hamp., New Jersey, Nova Scotia, New York, Ohio, Ontario, Quebec, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia). TRANSMISSION: Although the basidiospores infect Picea glauca (white spruce) (Darker, 1929) in some areas they probably play little part in the life cycle on raspberry since this rust is found on the latter host year after year in regions remote from any spruce trees (Anderson, 1956).

Recurrence of Spruce Budworm Outbreaks for Two Hundred Years in Western Quebec

1981 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 273-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Ottawa River ◽  
History Of ◽  
Growth Profiles

The history of spruce bubworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) outbreaks for the past two hundred years in the Ottawa River Valley in Quebec was retraced through radial-growth studies on old white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench)) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) trees. The radial-growth profiles clearly indicate three suppression periods resulting from outbreaks that occurred in the twentieth century, each starting about 1910, 1940 and 1967. There is no evidence of an outbreak during the nineteenth century in this region. However, a reduction in radial-growth starting in 1783 observed on the only three specimens of white spruce over 200 years old, has the characteristics of that caused by a budworm outbreak. An interval of 127 years between this and the 1910 outbreak is similar to other long intervals between outbreaks recorded prior to the twentieth century for some other regions in eastern Canada.

scholarly journals Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of a White Spruce (Picea glauca, Genotype WS77111) from Eastern Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Lin ◽  
Lauren Coombe ◽  
Shaun D. Jackman ◽  
Kristina K. Gagalova ◽  
René L. Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Complete Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chloroplast Genome Sequence

Here, we present the complete chloroplast genome sequence of white spruce (Picea glauca, genotype WS77111), a coniferous tree widespread in the boreal forests of North America. This sequence contributes to genomic and phylogenetic analyses of the Picea genus that are part of ongoing research to understand their adaptation to environmental stress.

Predicting defoliation by Choristoneura biennis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 903-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.G. Nealis ◽  
R. Turnquist
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Prediction Intervals ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Subalpine Fir

AbstractThe 2-year-cycle spruce budworm, Choristoneura biennis Free. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), causes defoliation of spruce – subalpine fir forests in British Columbia, Canada. Historical and newly obtained data were used to develop a linear regression relating percent defoliation in the 2nd feeding year of the life cycle to the percentage of shoots damaged in the previous, 1st feeding year of the life cycle. The resulting regression was tested with independent data and correctly predicted (95% prediction intervals) defoliation in 14 of 15 stands. Patterns of defoliation were similar on white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss (Pinaceae), and subalpine fir, Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. (Pinaceae), and hence the regression can be used for either mixed or pure stands of either species.

White spruce (Picea glauca) restoration in temperate mixedwood stands using patch cuts and enrichment planting

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (03) ◽  
pp. 392-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Hébert ◽  
Vincent Roy ◽  
Isabelle Auger ◽  
Martin-Michel Gauthier
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Mixedwood Forests ◽  
Canopy Opening ◽  
Enrichment Planting ◽  
Mixedwood Stands

The use of gap-based silviculture and enrichment planting was tested in temperate mixedwood forests in eastern Canada. Four different sizes of canopy opening or patch cuts were applied to six stands in the maple–birch domain of Quebec. We evaluated the influence of opening size, cardinal quadrant within the opening, and distance from the forest edge of openings on white spruce height and ground-level diameter (GLD) five years after enrichment planting. At ≥5 m from the edge, initial canopy transmittance was generally >60% in all four canopy treatments. White spruce seedling height and GLD were lower within 10 m from the edge, and generally increased where understory light levels were higher. Seedling survival, height, and GLD in the smallest opening (0.05 ha) were comparable or higher than those found in relatively larger openings. The 0.05-ha opening that more closely emulates natural canopy gaps of temperate mixedwood forests provided satisfactory seedling development, and is therefore compatible with a gap-based stand dynamics approach to management of mixedwood stands in Quebec.

scholarly journals Sprucing up the mixedwoods: growth response of white spruce (Picea glauca) to partial cutting in the eastern Canadian boreal forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1205-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Smith ◽  
Brian D. Harvey ◽  
Ahmed Koubaa ◽  
Suzanne Brais ◽  
Marc J. Mazerolle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Mixed Effect

Mixed-species stands present a number of opportunities for and challenges to forest managers. Boreal mixedwood stands in eastern Canada are often characterized by a dominant canopy of shade-intolerant aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) with more shade-tolerant conifers in the mid- to sub-canopy layers. Because the aspen and conifer components often attain optimal merchantable sizes at different moments in stand development, there is an interest in developing silvicultural practices that allow partial or total removal of aspen and favour accelerated growth of residual conifers. We tested four partial harvesting treatments in mixed aspen – white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss) stands in which different proportions of aspen (0%, 50%, 65%, and 100% basal area) were removed. Ten years after treatments, 72 spruce stems representing dominant, co-dominant, and suppressed social classes were destructively sampled for stem analysis. Using linear mixed effect models, we analyzed growth as a function of treatment intensity, time since treatment, social status, pretreatment growth rate, and neighbourhood competition. Relative to control stands, radial and volume growth responses were detected only in the extreme treatment of 100% aspen removal. In relative terms, suppressed trees showed the greatest magnitude of cumulative growth increase. Compared with control trees, average annual radial and volume increments were, respectively, 23.5% and 7.1% higher for dominant trees, 67.7% and 24.1% higher for co-dominant trees, and 115.8% and 65.6% higher for suppressed trees over the 10 years after treatment. Growth response was proportional to pretreatment growth rate, and among neighbouring trees, only coniferous neighbours had a negative effect on white spruce growth. Our results suggest that in similar mixed-stand conditions, relatively heavy removal of overstory aspen accompanied by thinning of crowded conifers would result in greatest growth response of residual spruce stems.

Inland spruce cone rust, Chrysomyxa pirolata, in Pyrola asarifolia and cones of Picea glauca, and morphology of the spore stages

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2441-2447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack R. Sutherland ◽  
Sarah J. Hopkinson ◽  
S. H. Farris
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Spore Morphology ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Current Growth ◽  
Scanning Electron

Intact and sectioned specimens were examined by using a light and a scanning electron microscope to determine the presence and spore morphology of inland spruce cone rust, Chrysomyxa pirolata Wint., in Pyrola asarifolia Michx. plants and in white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, cones. Field observations of rust development and sporulation were made throughout the year. The microscope studies confirmed that C. pirolata is systemic and perennial in shoots and connecting rhizomes of P. asarifolia, indicating that one mode of fungus spread is between plants originating from the same rhizome. Sometimes, hyphae of C. pirolata occurred only at the nodes along part of a rhizome connecting diseased P. asarifolia plants. Spring-collected buds from diseased P. asarifolia contained C. pirolata mycelium, but the fungus was not evident externally on current growth until the following spring. However, all leaves, especially those produced in the current year, on these plants were more upright and their upper surface less shiny. In some years, all P. asarifolia leaves in a locality bore mostly uredinia or telia; at other times about equal numbers of both were present on each leaf. About 6 weeks after telial production, spermogonia appeared on nearby spruce cones and about 4 weeks later these cones bore aeciospores on most scales of the systemically infected cones. Fruiting bodies and spores for each stage of the life cycle of the fungus are illustrated.

The Instars of a Maggot (Pegohylemyia) Inhabiting White Spruce Cones

1954 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard A. Tripp
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Male Specimen ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Maggots of Pegohylemyia sp. have been found inhabiting the cones of white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss, in southern Ontario. The species was identified from a single male specimen as probably Pegohylemyia anthracina Czerny by the Swedish authority Dr. O. Ringdahl. Difficulty in rearing the maggots to the adult stage has delayed confirmation of this identification but it is expected that a good series of adults will be available shortly. In this paper, however, the emphasis is placed on the instars with an outline of the life cycle. It is shown that the second- and third-instar larvae are free-living, but the first-instar larvae moult to the second within the egg chorion.

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