Predicting defoliation by Choristoneura biennis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 903-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.G. Nealis ◽  
R. Turnquist
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Prediction Intervals ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Subalpine Fir

AbstractThe 2-year-cycle spruce budworm, Choristoneura biennis Free. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), causes defoliation of spruce – subalpine fir forests in British Columbia, Canada. Historical and newly obtained data were used to develop a linear regression relating percent defoliation in the 2nd feeding year of the life cycle to the percentage of shoots damaged in the previous, 1st feeding year of the life cycle. The resulting regression was tested with independent data and correctly predicted (95% prediction intervals) defoliation in 14 of 15 stands. Patterns of defoliation were similar on white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss (Pinaceae), and subalpine fir, Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. (Pinaceae), and hence the regression can be used for either mixed or pure stands of either species.

Pucciniastrum americanum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Laundon
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Rubus Idaeus

Abstract A description is provided for Pucciniastrum americanum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pycnia and aecia on Picea glauca (=P. canadensis), uredia and telia on Rubus idaeus (incl. R. strigosus) and R. leucodermis (raspberries). DISEASE: Needle rust of white spruce. Late leaf rust or late yellow rust of raspberry, infecting canes, leaves, petioles, calyces and fruits. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Canada and U.S.A. (widely distributed, recorded from British Columbia, Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Mass., Md, Me, Montana, North Dakota, New Hamp., New Jersey, Nova Scotia, New York, Ohio, Ontario, Quebec, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia). TRANSMISSION: Although the basidiospores infect Picea glauca (white spruce) (Darker, 1929) in some areas they probably play little part in the life cycle on raspberry since this rust is found on the latter host year after year in regions remote from any spruce trees (Anderson, 1956).

Temporal development of decaying log habitats in wet spruce–fir stands in east-central British Columbia

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2841-2850 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Craig DeLong ◽  
Lori D Daniels ◽  
Ben Heemskerk ◽  
Ken Olaf Storaunet
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Time Since Death ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
East Central ◽  
Subalpine Fir ◽  
Advanced Stages

Time since death and time since fall were estimated for hybrid spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss × Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) logs to quantify temporal changes in log decay and habitat quality in east-central British Columbia. We sampled 136 logs (72 spruce and 64 fir) for species, size, and morphological attributes and used dendroecological techniques to estimate year of death (n = 97) and fall (n =  22). Time since death and time since fall of spruce and fir were similar in decay classes 1 and 2; fir was older than spruce in more advanced stages of decay. Discriminant analysis based on time since fall correctly classified logs into four decay classes for 67% and 80% of spruce and fir, respectively. Function as wildlife habitat changed significantly as logs decayed. Logs served as elevated runways for approximately 15 years and then increased in value as habitat for invertebrates and insectivores as wood softened and vegetation established. Concealed spaces increased as the wood decomposed but decreased when logs collapsed. We conclude that decay classes represent biologically and statistically significant stages of log decomposition that are relevant to wildlife habitat and therefore provide a useful construct for model development and field interpretation..

BUILD-UP OF PULLULARIA PULLULANS (deBary) BERKHOUT WITHIN A SEVERE SPRUCE BUDWORM INFESTATION AT BABINE LAKE, BRITISH COLUMBIA

1959 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Molnar ◽  
G. T. Silver
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
White Spruce

A report of bud necrosis of white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, within spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), infested stands was investigated. No significant differences in bud mortality could be determined between infested and non-infested stands, but a nine-fold higher incidence of Pullularia pullulans (deBary) Berkhout was measured in infested stands. This later finding suggested a marked build-up of the fungus as a result of conditions created by the budworm infestation.

WHITE SPRUCE AND THE SPRUCE BUDWORM: DEFINING THE PHENOLOGICAL WINDOW OF SUSCEPTIBILITY

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert K. Lawrence ◽  
William J. Mattson ◽  
Robert A. Haack
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Foliar Traits

AbstractSynchrony of insect and host tree phenologies has often been suggested as an important factor influencing the susceptibility of white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, and other hosts to the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). We evaluated this hypothesis by caging several cohorts of spruce budworm larvae on three white spruce populations at different phenological stages of the host trees, and then comparing budworm performance with host phenology and variation of 13 foliar traits. The beginning of the phenological window of susceptibility in white spruce occurs several weeks prior to budbreak, and the end of the window is sharply defined by the end of shoot growth. Performance was high for the earliest budworm cohorts that we tested. These larvae began feeding 3–4 weeks prior to budbreak and completed their larval development prior to the end of shoot elongation. Optimal synchrony occurred when emergence preceded budbreak by about 2 weeks. Larval survival was greater than 60% for individuals starting development 1–3 weeks prior to budbreak, but decreased to less than 10% for those starting development 2 or more weeks after budbreak and thus completing development after shoot elongation ceased. High performance by the budworm was most strongly correlated with high levels of foliar nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, copper, sugars, and water and low levels of foliar calcium, phenolics, and toughness. These results suggest that advancing the usual phenological window of white spruce (i.e. advancing budbreak prior to larval emergence) or retarding budworm phenology can have a large negative effect on the spruce budworm’s population dynamics.

scholarly journals Genetic control and evolutionary potential of a constitutive resistance mechanism against the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) in white spruce (Picea glauca)

Heredity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Méndez-Espinoza ◽  
Geneviève J. Parent ◽  
Patrick Lenz ◽  
André Rainville ◽  
Laurence Tremblay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Constitutive Resistance

White Spruce Seed Dispersal in Central British Columbia

1976 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Dobbs
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Seed Density ◽  
Wide Strip

Seed dispersal of white spruce (Picea glauca) (Moench) Voss) from stands bordering a large clearcut and a strip cut was studied. Seedfall fell sharply with distance from the clearcut edge to 100 m, but even at 300 m the average dispersed seed density exceeded 740 000 seeds/ha or 3% of that recorded within the stand. Dispersed seed density in the middle of the 200-metre-wide strip cut exceeded 1 300 000 seeds/ha or 20% of that recorded within the bordering stands. About one-third of the seeds was disseminated by the end of September.

Inonotus tomentosus and the dynamics of unmanaged and partial-cut wet sub-boreal spruce–fir forests

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 2663-2676 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. (Ted) Newbery ◽  
Kathy J. Lewis ◽  
Michael B. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Subalpine Fir ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Live Tree

For wet sub-boreal spruce–fir forests (white spruce ( Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) × Engelmann spruce ( Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) – subalpine fir ( Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.)) in east-central British Columbia, we asked (i) do compositional and structural dynamics differ for unmanaged (UN) and partial-cut (PC) (50% removal 45 years before measurement) forests and (ii) how does Inonotus tomentosus Fr. (Teng) affect these dynamics? Inonotus tomentosus infected stands had 17% less spruce basal area (P = 0.059) than uninfected stands, but PC did not exacerbate I. tomentosus effects. PC and UN had similar live tree density, but UN had lower dead tree density. In all stands, snag longevity was typically <32 years, and ~40 years was required for dead wood to reach decay stage 3 or greater. UN was characterized by variable severity disturbances averaging ~8% of the canopy per decade. Management implications include the following: (i) harvest systems designed to emulate small-scale disturbance could remove trees at 8% of the canopy per decade, varied spatiotemporally, (ii) emulating dead wood abundance with partial cutting may be difficult given the impacts of partial cutting on dead wood abundance, and (iii) forests with moderate levels of I. tomentosus should not respond differently to harvesting than uninfected forests and thus require no special management.

Variations in the foliar amino acid composition of flowering and non-flowering balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) in relation to outbreaks of the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem))

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1005-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Kimmins
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Apparent Correlation

The amino acids of new and old foliage of flowering and non-flowering balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) were investigated using two-dimensional descending paper chromatography. The data were analyzed for variation associated with age of foliage, age of tree, and flowering condition. The concentration of foliar amino acids was greater in balsam fir than in white spruce, and greater in new foliage than old foliage.The difference in concentration between foliage of flowering and non-flowering trees was smaller. However, the new foliage of flowering fir had higher levels of most of the amino acids examined than any other foliage category. This appears to reflect the known suitability of these foliage categories for spruce budworm larvae. While the data presented do not quantify the ecological significance of this apparent correlation, they do support the theory that variations in the nutritional quality of host plants play a very important role in the dynamics of herbivore populations.

SOIL APPLICATION OF CARBOFURAN TO CONTROL SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN A MANAGED WHITE SPRUCE SEED PRODUCTION AREA

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (10) ◽  
pp. 949-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Fogal ◽  
D. A. Winston ◽  
S. M. Lopushanski ◽  
D. A. MacLeod ◽  
A. J. Willcocks
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Production Areas

White spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, is a major commercial tree species used in reforestation programs throughout Canada, and seed requirements cannot be met in some years because of insect damage and the periodic nature of cone crops. The spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), feeds on buds and cones of its hosts, causing a pronounced decrease in cone production (Schooley 1978). A current outbreak in northeastern Ontario poses a serious threat to white spruce seed supply from high value, managed seed production areas. Therefore, in 1979, we began an experiment to determine whether carbofuran, a systemic insecticide, could be used to protect buds and cones when applied to soil. We chose carbofuran because it has proved successful for control of some insects in seed orchards in the southeastern United States (DeBarr 1978)

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