Chemicals and Our Forests

1986 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-382
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Armson
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Long Run ◽  
New Policies

The effects of chemicals, including acid rain, on our forests have been largely represented in stark, simplistic terms. The result is that many unsubstantiated or conjectural 'facts' and relationships are generally accepted. The intelligent use of chemicals in forest management is necessary if our forests are going to sustain a viable industry in the long run. New policies and mandates are required for significant progress in the research, development and use of pesticides in forestry.

Tendencias minimalistas en la gestión de los bosques tropicales mexicanos: motivaciones y experiencias

2021 ◽  
Vol 348 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Martin Alfonso MENDOZA B. ◽  
Angélica NAVARRO-MARTÍNEZ ◽  
Carl W. MIZE ◽  
Gerson Daniel ALDUCIN CHÁVEZ ◽  
Patricia NEGREROS-CASTILLO
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Land Value ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Slash And Burn ◽  
Tropical Timber ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Residual Stock ◽  
Rational Management

Tropical timber regions across the world share common problems such as degradation and poor regeneration after timber harvesting. Traditional Mayan land management through slash and burn is now recognized as an effective way of renewing forest stands in multispecies tropical forests. The practice of slash and burn for forest management in Mexico has led to area regulation, which has made land value a convenient means of assessing alternative forest plans. The use of expected land value as a performance indicator shifts the manager's attention from managing a species mix to balancing financial tradeoffs between liquidation or retention of the standing biomass. Since the forest-wide residual stock is so large, land value overrides the importance of revenue from timber sales. Several forest management methods along these lines have appeared in tropical regions of Mexico over a thirty-year time span and represent a patrimonial system of forest management (PS). The gradual innovation generated by PS is described here, as well as examples of PS practices. PS methods today provide stewardship for a total of 155,814 ha in different parts of Mexico. PS performance will become evident in the long run; in the meantime, the embrace of PS by private landowners and regulatory institutions is equated with a positive, independent opinion about PS design. The Mexican experience suggests pathways for rational management of all types of forests. PS features that are worth replicating are, for instance, the inclusion of disturbance patterns as factors in decision making, as well as the use of specific silvicultural regimes for roads, woodlands, closed forests, hilltops, swamps, riparian zones, clearings and forest edges.

scholarly journals Innovative forest practice agreements–What could be done that would be innovative

1999 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Forest Practices ◽  
Forest Practice

The concept and implementation of sustainable development are resulting in seemingly impossible goals for policy-makers and practitioners. Sustainability, in terms of government policies, tends to mean something quite different than what it means to Aboriginal peoples. Sustainability to Aboriginal peoples is not just about the environment and development; it is about survival of their peoples. Because of the close link between the social and economic elements of sustainable forest management, policies for strengthening the economic development of the forest sector are unlikely to be successful in the long run when they do not integrate environmental, social and cultural concerns. Innovative forest practice agreements (IFPAs) and other forms of community-based tenures offer vehicles to do so something unconventional–alternative mechanisms and means by which to incorporate indigenous knowledge and values and to implement Article 8(j) of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Key words: Indigenous peoples, Sustainable Forest Management, Innovative Forest Practices, tenure arrangements, Article 8(j), Convention on Biological Diversity

Future Shock in Forest Yield Forecasting: The Need for a New Approach

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 503-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Kimmins
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
The Future

The traditional method of predicting future yields of conventional forest products and/or biomass is based on an empirical bioassay of the growth potential of unmanaged stands, or of stands subject to one, or a small number of, management practices. The method employs the historical pattern of stem volume and/or forest biomass accumulation in the form of volume- or biomass-over-age curves. This type of yield predictor, which may be presented as a simple yield table or a more complex mensurational computer yield model, is widely considered to produce believable future yield predictions. However, the predictions will only be accurate if the future environmental conditions and management regimes are similar to those that pertained over the period during which the biomass accumulation on which the yield model is based occurred. This is unlikely because the continued growth of the human population and the resultant loss of forest land will require a great intensification of forest management. The significant changes in management that many believe await forestry in the not-too-distant future in many parts of the world will render such conventional predictions very questionable. In addition, human-induced changes in atmospheric chemistry may result in changes in the climatic (the "green-house gases" problem), canopy or soil conditions (the "acid rain" problem) that determine tree growth.Computer models of forest yield based solely on the simulation of the biological processes that determine tree growth do not at present offer a viable alternative. Either we do not yet know enough to build, or we do not have sufficient resources to develop and calibrate such process models at an adequate level of complexity.What is needed is a generation of hybrid yield models that combine traditional mensurational models with a simulation of those growth-regulating processes that are significantly altered by changing management practices and/or by changing atmospheric chemistry and climate. One such model is FORCYTE: the FORest nutrient Cycling and Yield Trend Evaluator. This is an ecologically-based forest management simulation model that can predict the long-term consequences of a wide variety of forest management practices for the future harvest yield, ecosystem nutrient budgets, economic efficiency and the energy benefit/cost ratio of management. It combines the believability of the traditional approach with the flexibility of ecological and biological process simulation. Present versions of the model focus on the consequences for future production and yield of changes in forest management. However, because of the structure of the model, it is capable of being modified to examine similar consequences of climatic change and alteration in atmospheric chemistry. Progress in the latter area must await clarification of the processes involved in acid rain damage to forests. FORCYTE is also capable, with minor modification, of being used in agriculture and mined land reclamation research and planning. Key words: Yield prediction, FORCYTE.

scholarly journals Effects of the control method (Goc variety) in selection forest management in Western Serbia

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Medarevic ◽  
S. Bankovic ◽  
D. Pantic ◽  
Snezana Obradovic
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
High Selection ◽  
Selection Forest ◽  
Volume Current

The control method, one of the most reliable methods of selection forest management, has been applied in selection forests of western Serbia in a somewhat modified form (Goc variety) for fifty years. This paper analyzes the effects of the control method, i.e. its Goc variety, in the period from 1960/70 - 2000. It is based on the data of five successive complete inventories of the Forest Management Unit (FMU) 'Tara', whose high selection forest of spruce, fir and beech (Piceo-Abieti-Fagetum subass. typicum) trees on diluvium, brown and illimerised soil on limestone, and on limestone in formation with hornfels, are the best quality and the most spacious forests in the Management Class MC 491/1. The effects were monitored through the changes in the distribution of the number of trees and volume per diameter classes, separately for fir as the protagonist of the selection structure, and collectively at the level of a compartment, a typical representative of MC 491/1. Also, the analysis included the changes in the number of trees, volume, current volume increment, yield, and number of recruited trees per unit area (1 ha) by tree species in MC 491/1, occupying an area of 2,648.78 ha. The study results show that in the study period the average volume in MC 491/1 increased by 18.8%, the percentage of conifers increased from 66.0% to 78.5%, and the bearer of the changes was fir. The volume of the mean fir tree increased by 35.9% and it attained 1.086 m3. The volume increment increased by 15.7%. The selection structure of conifers was satisfactory, but there were problems with beech regeneration, in its stable presence and in its achievement of the targeted structure. The number of trees per unit area (1 ha) decreased, which in the long run could have detrimental consequences, but the sustainability in general was satisfactory. The levels of regeneration and recruitment were satisfactory. The health of the trees was improved; the stands were healthy, vital, and biologically and functionally stable. The study results point not only to a series of positive effects of the several-decades' long implementation of the Goc variety of the control method, but also to some problems, the understanding of which will have a corrective role in the future management of selection forests in western Serbia.

The Effect of Hydroelectricity Consumption on Environmental Degradation – The Case of South America region

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Koengkan ◽  
Luciano Dias Losekann ◽  
José Alberto Fuinhas ◽  
António Cardoso Marques
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Long Run ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Zero Carbon ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
New Policies ◽  
The Impact

This article analyses the impact of hydroelectricity consumption on environmental degradation (CO2 emissions) in seven South American countries, in a period from 1966 to 2015. The Unrestricted Error Correction Model (UECM) form of the Auto-regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) was utilized. The initial tests prove the presence of heteroskedasticity, cross sectional independence, and first-order autocorrelation. The results show that the consumption of hydroelectricity causes a reduction of -0.0465 in environmental degradation in the short run, and increase 0.0593 in the long-run. This empirical evidence could encourage the creation of new policies, which introduce new energy technologies that release zero carbon in the energy matrix.

scholarly journals Knowledge Transfer, Transitional Dynamics and Optimal Research & Development Policy in a Dynamic Monopoly Setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-606
Author(s):  
Jürgen Antony ◽  
Torben Klarl
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Subsidy Rate ◽  
Product Innovations ◽  
Dynamic Monopoly ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Cost

Abstract This paper focuses on the question of whether or not a reduction of the knowledge barrier is good for welfare. Based on a dynamic monopoly setting with simultaneous investment decisions in process as well as in product Research & Development (R&D), we show that a reduction of the knowledge barrier has ambiguous welfare consequences: due to a lower knowledge barrier, product quality and welfare increase in the short-run. However, this may not necessarily be the case in the long-run. One reason is that a positive long-lasting knowledge barrier shock triggers the monopolist sub-optimally to reduce its product R&D investments today and in the future at the cost of future product quality. This in turn may reduce welfare. Accordingly, to realize the first-best level of product quality, the long-run optimal R&D subsidy rate for product innovations increases with a reduction of the knowledge barrier.

scholarly journals The Effects of FDI on Greek Economy: An Empirical Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p39
Author(s):  
Pavlos Stamatiou ◽  
Nikolaos Dritsakis
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Impulse Response Functions ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Greek Economy ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Bound Test ◽  
Study Offer ◽  
Ardl Bound Test

This paper investigates the effect of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on economic growth in Greece, within a framework that also accounts unemployment rate, using annual data covering the period 1970 to 2017. Several econometric models are applied including the ARDL bound test approach for cointegration as well as ECM-ARDL model for causality. The results of the study confirm the existence of a long run relationship among the examined variables. The Granger causality results indicated a strong unidirectional causality between economic development and foreign direct investments with direction from economic development to foreign direct investments. Finally, the variance decomposition method and the impulse response functions are used to test the strength of causality between the variables. The results of the study offer new perspectives and insight for new policies for sustainable economic development, increasing investments and reducing unemployment.

scholarly journals The Little Red River Cree Nation's forest management strategies under a changing forest policy

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Krcmar ◽  
G C van Kooten ◽  
H. Nelson ◽  
I. Vertinsky ◽  
J. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Red River ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Forest Lands

In this study, we explore alternative strategies available to the Little Red River Cree Nation for meeting their projected socio-economic needs using the natural resources to which they have access. We analyze outcomes from mathematical programming models for various forest policy regimes, ranging from current sustained-yield management to sustainable forest management. The potential outcomes of the two approaches are analyzed using financial returns, harvest volumes and ecological impacts. Results indicate that decision-makers face significant trade-offs in determining an appropriate management strategy for the forest lands they control. Our main conclusion is that economic development strategies for First Nations must diversify away from forest resources in the long run if they are to be successful. Key words: boreal forest, First Nations, forest co-management, forest policy, old growth, sustainability

scholarly journals The HU-RO Cross-Border Cooperation Programme 2007-2013: Insights Related to the Effectiveness of Using the European Funds

2016 ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavius Feier ◽  
Alina Badulescu
Keyword(s):  
The European Union ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Theoretical Hypothesis ◽  
New Policies ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Cross Border Cooperation

For decades, researchers and practitioners have ascertained that sustainability and effectiveness of the new European construction relies also on good relations between neighbouring countries. Efficient cross-border cooperation (CBC) between EU Member States is able to achieve one of the main objectives of the European Union: the territorial cohesion. Even the first actions were based on enthusiasm, spontaneous cooperation or diversity, in the present stage, the CBC has to move forward, from theoretical hypothesis and anticipation, to concrete and specific action, to implementing the evaluation results from previous cooperation projects and to design new policies and strategies. This paper addresses a key issue of CBC between Romania and Hungary: the efficient spending of funds allocated through the CBC Programme HU-RO 2007 - 2013, by analysing the data available at the end of 2015. Our research, based on the analysis of the funds allocated and spent within HU-RO CBC program, attempt to assess the fulfilment of the undertaken indicators (individual or at aggregated level), the absorption rate of available funds and future development prospects. Our research revealed that, overall, there is a clear trend of improving the quality of projects selected and implemented both in Romania and in Hungary, put in evidence by the high degree of the funds’ absorption and the achievement of the most of the assumed indicators. However, the assessment of the quality of projects submitted and selected has to be completed with the analysis of the sustainability and impact of these cross-border projects. Our article also focuses on revealing various aspects and results of HU-RO CBC 2007-2013 projects, effects and limits or challenges to long-run sustainability. The paper also points out conclusions and provides further recommendations in order to ensure the sustainability and the effectiveness of future CBC programs, particularly for the 2014-2020 programing period.

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