Jack Pine Seedling Performance Improved by Pisolithus tinctorius

1981 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Navratil ◽  
N. J. Phillips ◽  
A. Wynia
Keyword(s):  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Site Class ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
One Year ◽  
A Site

Containerized jack pine seedlings were treated with experimental commercial (Abbott) and laboratory (IMRD-USDA) products of Pisolithus tinctorius inoculum and raised at two fertility levels. After a four-month growing period, seedlings were outplanted on a Site Class 2 jack pine site in N.W. Ontario. An evaluation prior to outplanting confirmed that seedlings from all inoculated treatments had formed Pt mycorrhizae. The highest levels of Pt mycorrhizae were induced by the IMRD inoculum. Seedlings raised at the lower fertility level were smaller in size but developed more mycorrhizae than their fully fertilized counterparts. Assessment of growth one year after outplanting confirmed the superior performance of inoculated seedlings. Height growth, more than any other aspect, was very closely related to the amount of Pt mycorrhizae on seedling roots at the time of planting. Seedlings treated with the IMRD inoculum showed the greatest overall increases in growth. These increases in the second season were sufficient to compensate for the reduced initial size of seedlings due to the lower fertility. Pisolithus tinctorius was re-isolated from the roots of the outplanted seedlings and, therefore, appears capable of overwintering in the Boreal forest.

Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium fertilizers on growth of a semimature jack pine forest, northwestern Ontario

1995 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. K. Morrison ◽  
N. W. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Forest Fertilization ◽  
Site Class ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
A Site ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

In the spring of 1969, an experiment to test response (mean DBH, BA, BA%, and total and merchantable volume increments) to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) fertilizers, singly and in combination, was established in a semimature jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forest on a Site Class III sandy site in the Dryden-Sioux Lookout area of northwestern Ontario, Canada. Analysis of variance of 10-year increments revealed highly significant (P = 0.01) responses of mean DBH increment, BA and percent BA increments, and total and merchantable volume increments to N, but no response to either P or Mg. An interaction between N and P was noted, however, in relation to BA and to total and merchantable volume increments. The best treatment in terms of total volume increment over that of the control was 151 kg N ha−1 plus 62 kg Mg ha−1, which produced ca. 16 m3 ha−1 of extra wood over 10 years. Key words: forest fertilization, nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium fertilizers, jack pine growth response

Ten-Year Growth in Two Fertilization Experiments in a Semimature Jack Pine Stand in Northwestern Ontario

1977 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. K. Morrison ◽  
N. W. Foster ◽  
D. A. Winston ◽  
H. S. D. Swan
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Site Class ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Control Response ◽  
A Site ◽  
Fertilization Experiments ◽  
Range Test

Two fertilization experiments were established in a 55-year-old, relatively pure jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) stand on a Site Class III sandy site in northwestern Ontario. In both the following response variables were estimated after 10 years: mean DBH increment, BA increment (absolute and per cent) and total and merchantable volume increment. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. In the first experiment urea and ammonium nitrate at two levels of application were tested against controls. Significant increases over controls, in terms of BA and total and merchantable volume increments, occurred only with urea at 336 kg N/ha. With this treatment response was good; approximately 20 m3/ha extra merchantable wood over controls was produced over 10 years. In the second experiment N, P, and K were applied in fixed mixture, with and without lime, at five levels of application plus control. Response was generally poor with no treatment producing a statistically significant increase over control in relation to any variable. The best treatment, NPK at 1 120 kg/ha of fertilizer plus lime, produced an increase in merchantable volume over controls of less than 8 m3/ha over 10 years.

Low-site class black spruce and jack pine nutrient removals after full-tree and tree-length logging

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1030-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Weetman ◽  
D. Algar
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Site Class ◽  
Mg Deficiency ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Tree Length ◽  
Potentially Mineralizable N ◽  
Range Of Values

An old, merchantable, low-site class black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) stand growing on a Lithic Humo-Ferric Podzol overlying a granite bedrock, and a younger but merchantable low-site class jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) stand growing on a Ferro-Humic Podzol overlying a deep coarse sand near Baie Comeau, P.Q., were analysed for stand biomass and macronutrient contents of both stand and soil. The magnitude of the depletions of macronutrients from the site, in full-tree and tree-length methods of logging, are compared with their available and total quantities in the soil. The range of values from the literature for nutrient inputs are presented and discussed in relation to logging losses. The results suggest that full-tree logging in the dry jack pine stand could cause a severe loss of potentially mineralizable N supply; P, K, and Mg deficiency problems owing to export are not apparent, but a Ca balance problem is apparent. The implication is that full-tree logging should be avoided on such sites.

scholarly journals Microanálisis comparado de la transición demográfica en tres islas de las Azores, siglos XVIII-XX: Diferencias en el pasado, semejanzas en el presente.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Norberta Amorim ◽  
Francisco J. Marco Gracia ◽  
Filipe Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Birth Intervals ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Lower Fertility

The demographic transition is a global phenomenon. However, previous studies have demonstrated the existence of differences in its development between areas that are in close proximity. The aim of this article is to compare the process of demographic transition in the rural communities of three islands in the archipelago of the Azores (Pico, Flores and Corvo) using life course data for more than 250 years. Throughout the article several variables related to nuptiality, fertility, mortality and mobility have been analysed. Our results show clear differences between communities prior to the demographic transition and, to a lesser extent, during the demographic transition process. The island of Flores, for instance, has historically presented higher fertility because of a lower age at marriage. The island of Pico, on the other hand, had a lower fertility level, higher age at marriage and longer birth intervals. During the demographic transition, infant mortality first began to fall in Flores, therefore increasing population pressure. Since 1840, international migration and the abandonment of children served as mechanism to reduce the population pressure.

scholarly journals Results of an Aerial Spraying Operation Against the Swaine Jack Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion swainei Middleton, in Quebec utilizing the Insecticide Phosphamidon

1968 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Aerial Spraying ◽  
One Year

In August 1965, 135,000 acres of jack pine forest in the St. Maurice Valley, Quebec, were sprayed with Phosphamidon for control of an outbreak of the Swaine jack pine sawfly, Neodiprion swainei Middleton. Applied by spray planes at a rate of 0.2 gallon per acre containing ¼ pounds of active insecticide material, it resulted in 99% mortality of the sawfly, and the threat of defoliation subsided. Phosphamidon applied at [Formula: see text] lb. per acre in a subsidiary test was almost as effective. One year after treatment, the sawfly population remained suppressed in the spray area, with no immediate prospect of resurgence. The treatment did not adversely affect the balance between the sawfly and its parasites, nor cause long-term instability in populations of other insects, birds and mammals living in the forest.

LOCAL CORROSION ENVIRONMENT AROUND CROSS SECTION OF A PLATE GIRDER BRIDGE

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuto Maruyama ◽  
Seiya Kamasaki ◽  
Keiji Tajima ◽  
Toshihiko Aso
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Flange ◽  
Steel Bridge ◽  
Corrosive Environment ◽  
Water Leakage ◽  
Exposure Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Girder Bridge ◽  
One Year ◽  
A Site ◽  
Plate Girder

Corrosion is one of important factor for securing the safety of steel bridges. In general cases, the corrosive environment of the steel bridge is evaluated as a site environment. However, even in one bridge, the corrosive environment greatly varies from part to part. This research aims to clarify the difference of corrosion environment for each part of plate-girder-bridge which has three main girders. At this bridge, anti-freezing agent is sprayed in winter. On site measurements were performed on five points on each girder, which are both sides of web, both sides of upper/lower part of bottom flange. These measurements points include two points where water leakage is scattered. Temperature, humidity, amount of airborne salt and amount of adhering salt have been measured. In order to comprehensively assess corrosive condition, exposure test was also performed. Observations were carried out for one year. From measurement results, it became clear that temperature and humidity were not uniform at all observation points. These were differed at the inside and outside of girder and upper part and lower part of web. Amount of airborne salt to each girder is strongly influenced by anti-freezing agent. On the upper surface of the lower flange of each girder, there are places where corrosion markedly progresses due to deposits and water leakage.

The effect on the performance of growing pigs of the level of meal fed in conjunction with an unrestricted supply of whey

1963 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Mitchell ◽  
P. H. Sedgwick
Keyword(s):  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Relative Prices ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Daily Allowance ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Whey Feeding

SummaryResults are reported of an experiment made under commercial conditions on the effect of the level of meal fed in conjunction with an unrestricted supply of whey on the performance and carcass quality of pigs.All the pigs received the same meal mixture and had continuous access to an unrestricted supply of whey. The four treatments were: (1) 3 lb meal per pig per day reduced to 2 lb at 13 weeks of age; (2) 3 lb meal per pig per day throughout; (3) 2½ lb meal per pig per day throughout; and (4) as (1) but the daily allowance of meal increased to 2½ lb/pig at 20 weeks of age. There were five pens of nine group-fed pigs on each treatment, involving a total of 180 pigs. The pigs were on experiment from 8–9 weeks of age to bacon weight. Comprehensive carcass measurements were made on all the pigs.Mean differences in rate of growth, efficiency of food utilization and carcass quality between the four groups of pigs were small and were not statistically significant. The significant differences in the proportions of meal and of whey consumed by the pigs on the different treatments during the growing period are discussed in relation to relative prices of the two foods. It is concluded that where unrestricted whey feeding is to be used, the feeding system employed in treatment 3 could be recommended in most of the environmental and economic situations likely to be encountered in practice.The superior performance of the pigs in the experiment compared with that in earlier trials is discussed in relation to the stock improvement work and concurrent improvements in housing and management carried out during the intervening years on the Cow and Gate farm in Dorset where the experiments were conducted.

A New Quantitative Assessment of Current Profile Clustering Methods for Riser Engineering

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gus Jeans ◽  
Richard Gibson ◽  
Oliver Jones
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Current Profile ◽  
One Year ◽  
Individual Profiles

This paper presents a new quantitative approach of defining current profiles for application to riser fatigue assessment using profile clustering methods. The analysis presented here was undertaken using a one year long deepwater current profile dataset from the Gulf of Mexico. The data included near full water column measurements in 3250m water depth at one hour intervals, providing nearly 9000 individual profiles. Riser fatigue damage for each profile had been previously computed as part of the Worldwide Approximation of Current Profiles (WACUP) joint industry project. The new assessment described in this paper applies clustering methods not considered in WACUP, including the K-Means Algorithm (KMA) and Maximum Dissimilarity Algorithm (MDA). These both demonstrate superior performance compared to a much simpler direct method of characterisation. Features of the KMA and MDA methods are contrasted, within the context of previously published application to ocean wave data.

scholarly journals A Site-Specific Response Analysis: A Case Study in Hanoi, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van-Quang Nguyen ◽  
Muhammad Aaqib ◽  
Duy-Duan Nguyen ◽  
Nguyen-Vu Luat ◽  
Duhee Park
Keyword(s):  
Site Response ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Site Class ◽  
Soil Stiffness ◽  
Design Spectrum ◽  
Class D ◽  
The Difference ◽  
A Site

A series of one-dimensional (1-D) site response analyses were performed using the nonlinear (NL) and equivalent linear (EQL) approaches to assess the applicability of the Vietnamese earthquake-resistance design code TCVN 9386: 2012. Six soil profiles were selected from three districts in Hanoi (Vietnam). A number of ground motions compatible with the rock design spectrum were used as input for carrying out analyses. The results highlight that the calculated response is higher than the design spectrum for site class C and lower for site class D. The normalized response spectra of the EQL approach results are higher than those of the NL approach. Moreover, the peak ground accelerations at the surface from EQL analyses are greater than those of the NL method because the latter generates a higher amount of nonlinearity. The results from the NL approach also illustrate that the deamplification phenomenon occurs in the soft soils of the Hanoi region (e.g., soil profile P3 and P5 of site class D). Additionally, the shear strains calculated from the NL method are closely matched with those from the EQL method, the difference between them increasing with a decrease in soil stiffness.

scholarly journals Gas Exchange and Productivity in Temperate and Droughty Years of Four Eastern, Elite Loblolly Pine Genotypes Grown in the Western Gulf Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Michael A. Blazier ◽  
Michael C. Tyree ◽  
Mary Anne Sword Sayer ◽  
Dipesh KC ◽  
Wilson G. Hood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Allocation Patterns ◽  
One Year ◽  
A Site ◽  
Western Portion

Loblolly pine plantations in the western portion of the species’ range are sometimes planted with genotypes from the eastern portion of its range to improve plantation productivity. Advances in loblolly pine breeding have led to the development of clonally propagated genotypes with higher potential growth rates and better form than more commonly planted half-sib genotypes. At a site in the western portion of the loblolly pine range, four genotypes from the eastern portion of the loblolly pine range were established. Two genotypes (HS756 and HS8103) were half-sib, and two genotypes (V9 and V93) were varieties. The V93 genotype was propagated from the HS756 genotype. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of genotype on seasonal trends in gas exchange parameters at the leaf and crown levels, growth, and biomass allocation patterns. During the two-year study, one year had precipitation and temperature trends similar to the long-term average and one year had extreme drought, with record heat. The HS756, V9, and V93 genotypes had the highest height growth throughout the study. The V93 genotype was sensitive to the drought; its leaf- and crown-levelAsatandgs, declined during the drought more markedly than those of the other genotypes. Although itsAsatandgswere affected by drought, height growth productivity of V93 may have been sustained during the drought by its biomass partitioning pattern of allocating higher proportions of its root biomass to small and fine roots and its aboveground biomass to foliage. These results suggest that a variety such as V93 could be more susceptible to changes in C fixation and water uptake with recurrent drought.

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