The Effect of Decay on Growth Rate in a White Spruce Plantation

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Lachance
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Root System ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Butt Rot ◽  
Coniferous Plantations

In a white spruce plantation, sound dominant and co-dominant trees increased their total volume by 55.3% between ages 36 and 46 years, while trees with butt decay grew only 44.0%. In net terms, during that 10-year period, sound trees produced 27% more wood in volume than trees with butt decay. Growth reduction increased with increasing amount of decay present, but not in comparable proportions. This is explained by the presence mainly of root and butt rot fungi which severely affect the root system before causing much decay. Growth losses were evaluated from observations on trees still living at the end of the 10-year period; losses from trees which died during this time were not included. Polyporus tomentosus, a root and butt rot fungus which is relatively important in coniferous plantations, caused 66% (in volume and frequency) of the decay.

The Translocation of 14C-photoassimilate in Single Tree Progeny of White Spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss)

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Ursino
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Slow Growing

Young trees from seedlots representing single tree progeny of white spruce and assessed as either fast- or slow-growing on the basis of shoot height, were allowed to photoassimilate 14CO2 and either 24 or 48 h later, the magnitude and distribution of 14C were determined. In comparison to the slow-growing plants 48 h after 14CO2 photoassimilation, the fast-growing spruce retained a higher percentage of the assimilated 14C and translocated less to the root. Differences in growth rate between the seedlots did not affect the partitioning of 14C between the 80% ethanol-soluble and -insoluble fractions.

scholarly journals Competition between related strains of nodule bacteria and its influence on infection of the legume host

1941 ◽  
Vol 130 (858) ◽  
pp. 32-59 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Root System ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Different Strains

The work deals with the behaviour of mixed strains of nodule bacteria towards each other and towards their legume host. It introduces the concept of dominance in competition between strains. This dominance is independent of degree of effectiveness as regards nitrogen fixation. Where tow strains of nodule bacteria are both present in the surroundings of their host's root system, active competition between them may cause the strain having the higher initial growth rate almost completely to check multiplication of the other strain outside the plant. This dominant strain will then be responsible for nearly all the nodules. In peas and soy beans, where growth of the root sysytem is rapid and of comparatively short duration, the nodule-producing capacity of the plant may be partially or wholly satisfied by the nodules produced within the first few weeks, so that further infection, whether by the same or by a different strain, is checked or inhibited. In clover, whose root system continues to grow over a long period, the first-formed nodules do not stop further nodules from being formed either by the same or by a different strain. There are large differences in the rates of appearance and final numbers of nodules produced by different strains supplied in pure culture, particularly with clover. The relative numbers of nodules produced by the two strains simultaneously applied to the roots is conditioned by the specific infectivity peculiar to each strain, unless some other factor, such as competition outside the plant, masks this effect.

Wood Structure and Growth Ring Width of Vital and Non-Vital Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga Menziesii) from a Single Stand in the Netherlands

IAWA Journal ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid de Kort
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Wood Structure ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Growth Ring Width ◽  
C 50

A comparison was made of diameter growth and wood structure in 26 trees of Douglas fir of different vitality cJasses in a decJining, c. 50- years old stand in De Peel (southeastern Netherlands). Ring width patterns agree cJosely but not perfectly with vitality cJasses as estimated by external appearance of the crown. The 'diseased' vitality cJasses all show growth reductions over the last 20 to 30 years. In the most diseased cJass no wood had been formed at all at the stern base over the last 4 to 10 years. The onset of growth reduction may be connected with the effect of air pollution in the last 40 to 50 years. The most striking result was the inverse relationship between growth rate in the first 10 to 15 years of growth, and growth rate in the last decades: all trees which are healthy at present showed slow radial growth when young, and all diseased to dead trees exhibited fast growth in their youth.

Coniferous afforestation leads to soil acidification in central Ontario

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1389-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Brand ◽  
Paul Kehoe ◽  
Maureen Connors
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Abandoned Farmland ◽  
Degree Of Acidification ◽  
Coniferous Plantations

The soil pH under 20 coniferous plantations on abandoned farmland at the Petawawa National Forestry Institute was remeasured after 46 years and showed a significant decrease. Soils under white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) showed the greatest degree of acidification, with the average pH in 13 plantations decreasing by 1.28.

scholarly journals The Features of Growth of the Primary Root System of Triticum durum Desf. Varieties of the Saratov Breeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-437
Author(s):  
Eduard G. Hachaturov ◽  
◽  
Valeria V. Korobko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Root System ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Climatic Chamber ◽  
Main Root ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf

The objects of the study were plants of 14 varieties of durum wheat Triticum durum Desf. Cultivation was carried out in a climatic chamber at a temperature of 18 ± 1°C under the conditions of a sixteen-hour photoperiod. To study the growth characteristics of the root system of seedlings, the length of the main root and the length of the adventitious roots of the upper and lower tiers were measured; thus, the growth rate of the root system was determined. The cultivars, the seedlings of which are characterized by the longest root system, have been identified – Luch 25, Saratovskaya 59 and Saratovskaya zolotistaya. The varietal characteristics of the growth of the main embryonic root were revealed, the growth rate of which significantly varies among the objects of study. The length of the adventitious roots of the lower layer in plants of the studied varieties ranged from 208 mm (Elizavetinskaya) to 278 mm (Saratovskaya 57 and Annushka); the upper layer – from 105 mm (Nikolasha) to 216 mm (Luch 25). The root-to-shoot ratio was calculated. In 5-day-old seedlings of the studied varieties, this varies from 0,92 to 1,89 rel. units; the degree of variation of the trait is average. In 12-day-old seedlings, the root supply index decreases, amounting to 0,42–1,29 relative units; the degree of variation of the trait is significant (with the exception of variety Luch 25).

scholarly journals Feeding and growth coupling during different development larvae phases of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis L. from Amsa Bay

2021 ◽  
Vol 298 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ali El Moussaoui ◽  
Yassine Ouagajjou ◽  
Adil Aghzar ◽  
El Mustafa Ait Chattou ◽  
Younes Saoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Length Growth ◽  
Spat Collection ◽  
Mediterranean Mussel ◽  
Feeding Effect ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Spat supply for mussel farming in Morocco is essentially based on seed capture and collection from natural beds. However, natural irregularity recruitment in exploited areas and encountered difficulties during spat collection operations have led to develop and improve reproduction techniques under controlled conditions in hatcheries. The present study focused on the larvae phase aiming at assessing growth rate varies between different development stages. Trocophore larva stage had a size of 63.25 μm and reached the pedivilegere stage with a size of 272.56 μm in 18 culture days. Length growth was more significant than width growth for both H-batch and T-batch. For instance, larvae grew in terms of length quickly in H-batch than T-batch (11.10± 1.30 and 9.67 ± 1.17 μm day-1), and the same pattern was observed for T-batch larvae. Inversely, the total biomass consumed was higher during T-batch larvae rearing than H-batch ones. In contrast, the effect of feeding on growth was observed more significantly for H-batch larvae (t=7.55, df=23, p<0.001) than T-batch ones (t=4.13, df=23, p<0.001). However, the specific feeding effect was revealed higher for I. galbana for both batches rather than C. calcitrans and T. suecica. However, the larvae growth reduction is linked to the beginning of tissue synthesis.

Effect of competition on individual white spruce production in young boreal mixedwood forests

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 726-735
Author(s):  
Sandra Carr ◽  
Guy R. Larocque ◽  
Nancy Luckai ◽  
F. Wayne Bell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Mixedwood Forests ◽  
Competition Indices

Increasing the production of wood fibre from conifer species such as white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) is one of many challenges in the management of boreal mixedwood forests. The effects of various competition measures on relative growth and relative growth rate variables were calculated for individual white spruce subject trees. Correlation analysis was used to explore relationships with competitor structural features, including the ratio of competitor basal area to subject tree basal area (CBAS), the ratio of competitor height to subject tree height (AHCS), and the proportion of softwood (FSW). Regression analysis was used to explore relationships with three distance-dependent competition indices. The ratio of subject tree height to diameter at breast height (DBH) (HDR), crown ratio (CR), and crown relative increment rate (CRIR) were significantly correlated with CBAS and AHCS. HDR, CR, CRIR, and DBH relative growth rate were all statistically significantly related to the competition indices. Results indicated that (i) relative growth and relative growth rate measures successfully captured a range of competition, (ii) crowns of trees with larger diameters used their horizontal growing space more efficiently to produce stemwood, and (iii) the proportion of softwood contributing to competition did not appear to influence subject tree production efficiency. Growth efficiency variables have the potential to improve our understanding of boreal mixedwood dynamics.

Terminal leader failure in white spruce plantations in northern Minnesota

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 648-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bruce Harding
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Replacement Process

Terminal leader failure from bud mortality occurred in 46% of plantation white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) trees, 19–43 years old. Frost damage was identified as the causal factor of bud mortality, with all plantations being established from seed sources of local origin. Large differences in terminal bud failure rates were noted between year of observation, tree size class, and stand age-class. Dominant trees, 33–43 years old, had a 3 year failure rate ranging from 16 to 51 %. For dominant trees, an 18% (9 cm) height growth reduction per year of incidence was noted. The lateral replacement process could account for greater than a 2 m height reduction for dominants at age 50 years, confounding estimates of potential site quality. The height growth of overtopped trees responded differently to frost damage than dominants, with replacement laterals averaging 38% (8 cm) greater height growth than apical terminals of undamaged trees.

Influence of phosphorus on growth and biomass distribution of Alaskan taiga tree seedlings

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1092-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Stuart Chapin III ◽  
Peter R. Tryon ◽  
Keith Van Cleve
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Slow Growth Rate ◽  
Phosphate Supply ◽  
High Phosphate

Seedlings of six Alaskan taiga tree species and one tall shrub were grown in sand at three phosphate levels. There was a positive correlation between the growth rate of a species at the high-phosphate level in sand culture and its productivity in the natural environment. Poplar (Populusbalsamifera L.), which had highest growth rate under high phosphate, was most sensitive to reduction in phosphate supply, followed by birch (Betulapapyrifera (Reg.) Fern, and Raup) and aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.), whereas growth of conifers (larch (Larixlaricina (Du Roi) K. Koch), white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss), and black spruce (P. mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.)) from late successional sites was slow and unaffected by phosphate supply. Similarly, when birch and white spruce seedlings were transplanted into natural forest stands, the maximum growth rate of birch was greater than that of white spruce, but birch growth was curtailed more by unfavorable conditions than was that of white spruce. We conclude that a slow growth rate reduces nutrient requirement and therefore minimizes nutrient stress on infertile sites, whereas a rapid growth enables nutrient-demanding species to dominate fertile sites.

The root growth response to heterogeneous nitrate supply differs for Lupinus angustifolius and Lupinus pilosus

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 495 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Dunbabin ◽  
Z. Rengel ◽  
A. Diggle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
First Order ◽  
Tap Root

Little is known about the ability of legume root systems to respond to the heterogeneous supply of nitrate. A split-root nutrient solution experiment was set up to compare the root growth response of 2 lupin species, Lupinus angustifolius L. (dominant tap root and primary lateral system) and L. pilosus Murr. (minor tap root and well-developed lateral root system), to differentially supplied nitrate. These 2 species represent the extremes of the root morphology types present across the lupin germplasm. Nutrient solution containing low (250 M) or high (750 M) nitrate was supplied either uniformly, or split (high and low) between the upper and lower root system. The average growth rate and total root length of L. pilosus was 1.7 times that of L. angustifolius. For both species, the increased proliferation of roots in a high nitrate zone was accompanied by a decrease in root growth in the low nitrate zone, giving approximately the same total growth as the uniform low nitrate treatment. This correlative growth rate response was 15% larger for the first-order branches of L. pilosus than L. angustifolius. While few second-order branches grew for L. angustifolius, the second-order laterals of L. pilosus showed a 2-fold correlative root growth and branching response to the split treatments, with no difference in growth between the uniform high and low nitrate treatments. The second-order laterals thus proliferated in response to the differential supply of nitrate and not the absolute concentration. While the growth rate and branching of the second-order laterals of L. pilosus exhibited a typical correlative response, first-order branching was inhibited in all split treatments, regardless of whether the roots were in the high or low nitrate zone. This response was not seen in L. angustifolius. The difference in the root growth response of the 2 root system types to differentially supplied nitrate suggests a potential in the lupin germplasm for developing a line capable of greater nitrate capture from the soil profile.

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