scholarly journals Hardwood Planting in Ontario

1977 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. von Althen
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Plantation Establishment ◽  
Absolute Necessity ◽  
Hardwood Species

Most hardwood species can be planted successfully but plantation establishment is generally more difficult and more expensive for hardwoods than for conifers. For satisfactory growth most upland hardwood species demand a deep, fertile, moist but well drained soil. Intensive weed control during the early years after planting is an absolute necessity. Fertilization at time of planting has generally failed to promote seedling growth. Protection from girdling by mice and browsing by rabbits may be necessary during the early years after planting.

scholarly journals Afforestation of Former Farmland with High-value Hardwoods

1991 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. von Althen
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Close Spacing ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Competition Control ◽  
Stem Development ◽  
Gradual Release ◽  
Poor Drainage

For satisfactory growth, most high-value hardwood species demand a deep, fertile, moist but well drained soil. Intensive competition control during the early years after planting is a necessity. Close spacing is recommended, with gradual release of crop trees to promote high-quality stem development. For good hardwood growth on soils of marginal fertility or poor drainage or on sites where intensive management cannot be guaranteed, it is recommended that a mixture of several hardwood species be planted.

Response of coastal Douglas-fir and competing vegetation to repeated and delayed weed control treatments during early plantation development

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1208-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Maguire ◽  
Douglas B. Mainwaring ◽  
Robin Rose ◽  
Sean M. Garber ◽  
Eric J. Dinger
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Optimal Regime ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Competing Vegetation ◽  
Plantation Development ◽  
Age Shift

A key silvicultural decision in managing young conifer plantations is determining the number and timing of release treatments to control competing vegetation. Three coastal Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plantations were treated under eight alternative herbicide regimes during the first 5 years after planting to test treatment effects on vegetation dynamics and seedling growth. After termination of herbicide treatments, competing vegetation developed at a rate similar to that of check plots, reaching 40%–60% cover in the first growing season and approaching 100% by the third. Recovery of competing vegetation was slightly more rapid with greater number of previous releases. Annual volume growth of seedlings was negatively correlated with current cover of competing vegetation, but competitive effects from previous years were fully accounted for by initial tree size. Under 4 years of release, delaying treatment by 1 year reduced volume attained at the end of 5 years by about 15%. Plots receiving 5 consecutive years of weed control reached the 5 year volume of check plots in only 3.9 years, implying an age shift of 1.1 years. Increasing the number of operational release treatments significantly improved seedling growth in the short term, but long-term growth effects must be monitored to determine the economically optimal regime.

Bioherbicidal Activity of Annona squamosa L. against Lactuca sativa L. and Mimosa pigra

2014 ◽  
Vol 1060 ◽  
pp. 207-210
Author(s):  
Patamawan Phuagphong ◽  
Srisombat Nawanopparatsakul ◽  
Nudchanart Kitcharoen
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Lettuce Seeds ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Mimosa Pigra

The phytotoxic effects of leaves and seeds from Annona squamosa extracts on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seeds and Mimosa pigra were evaluated. A. squamosa leaf dichloromethane extracts reduced germination and seedling growth of lettuce seeds. In field study, A. squamosa leaf dichloromethane extracts was applied on M. pigra after growing. Fresh weight of M. pigra was decreased with increasing concentrations of leaf dichloromethane extracts. These results suggest that dichloromethane extracts from leaves of A. squamosa may have growth inhibitory substances. Thus, our study indicated that leaf dichloromethane extracts have phytotoxic activity which could be utilized as bioherbicide for future weed control.

scholarly journals Methods for Successful Afforestation of a Weed Infested Clay Soil

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Von Althen
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
White Ash ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Hardwood Species

The effects of plowing and tilling, fertilization, and chemical weed control on survival and height growth of newly planted seedlings of black locust, silver maple, white ash, white pine, and white spruce were investigated in a non-replicated study in southern Ontario. Cost-benefit relationships of treatments were computed. Plowing and tilling improved growth of all species with average increases ranging from 37 per cent for white spruce to 750 per cent for white ash. Plowing and tilling plus weed control greatly improved growth of all hardwood species and resulted in the most favourable growth-cost relationship. Fertilization improved growth of locust, ash, and maple by 200, 500, and 700 per cent respectively, but failed to increase conifer growth. Application of 12 pounds of simazine increased ash mortality by 67 per cent. White spruce was subject to severe frost heaving following complete weed control.

Evolution of Herbicide Programs in Sugarbeet

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Windsor Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Grass Weed

During the early years of herbicide use, the total amount of ai applied per ha increased in attempts to obtain season-long weed control, peaking in the decade of the mid-1970's to mid-1980's. Since then, the chemical load applied for broadleaf weed control has shown a consistent, if not dramatic, decline. A much more significant reduction has occurred in grass weed control. Main reasons for the reduction are a move from PPI and PRE treatments to POST, the development of repeat low-dose herbicide techniques, and the introduction of more active postemergence grass herbicides. In general, this change has been achieved with a concomitant improvement in crop safety. These developments occurred as a coincident benefit in pursuing the target objective of giving growers more convenient and flexible weed control and not as a specific attempt to reduce chemical use. This paper discusses the evolution of weed control programs in the U.K., France, Germany, and the U.S.A. All show a similar trend, though the pace of change has been slower in the U.S.A.

scholarly journals Assessing the Use of Chopper Herbicide for Establishing Hardwood Plantations on a Cutover Site

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie L. Schuler ◽  
Daniel J. Robison ◽  
Harold E. Quicke
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Quercus Pagoda ◽  
Platanus Occidentalis ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Herbaceous Weed Control ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control

Abstract Successful establishment of hardwood plantations requires effective weed management. Mechanical weed control is inefficient, and few herbicides are available for use in hardwood plantations. In an effort to identify new chemical control options, the potential of imazapyr (Chopper herbicide) for site preparation prior to planting three common southern hardwood species was assessed. Twelve site preparation treatments were tested using Chopper applied at four rates and three timings prior to planting. Each site preparation rate and time pairing was repeated under two postplant herbicide regimes—directed glyphosate (Accord herbicide) sprays designed to maintain weed-free conditions and a single broadcast sulfometuron methyl (Oust herbicide) treatment designed to test a potential operational sequencing of Chopper site preparation followed by herbaceous weed control. Although results must be evaluated in the context of a single site and set of environmental conditions, they demonstrate the utility of Chopper herbicide for site preparation prior to planting hardwoods. For sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.)and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.),site preparation before the end of July with Chopper rates up to 64 oz/ac improved survival and growth over postplant treatments alone. For later season applications, sycamore and sweetgum were more sensitive to the Chopper site preparation rate. For Oct. site preparation, Chopper rates above 16 oz/ac adversely affected planted sycamore seedlings and rates greater than 32 oz/ac adversely effected planted sweetgum seedlings. Cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.)performed best using the highest Chopper rate of 64 oz/ac regardless of timing. South. J. Appl. For. 28(3):163–170.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) on the Early Seedling Growth of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Varieties and Selected Weeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Murimwa ◽  
J. T. Rugare ◽  
S. Mabasa ◽  
R. Mandumbu
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Chlorophyll Content And Fluorescence ◽  
Resource Poor

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) production is lucrative to resource poor farmers in marginalised areas of Zimbabwe, although most farmers have reportedly been failing to derive maximum economic benefits from sesame production due to poor productivity. Low productivity has been attributed to several factors including challenges of weed control due to absence of registered herbicides for use in sesame in Zimbabwe. Laboratory enzyme assays were conducted using different sorghum aqueous leaf and stem extract concentrations at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0% wv−1 to determine the effect of sorghum aqueous extracts on plant defense enzymes polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) in sesame and selected weeds. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to assess the effect of sorgaab or sorgaab-Agil postemergence sprays on the seedling growth and physiology of sesame and weeds. The exposure of sesame, black jack, and goose grass to sorghum aqueous extracts caused a significant (p<0.05) concentration-dependent increase on the activity of antioxidant enzymes PAL, POD, and POD. Similarly, postemergence sprays of sole sorgaab, herbicide, and sorgaab-herbicide combination significantly (p<0.05) increased sesame and black jack seedling growth, chlorophyll content, and fluorescence but not of goose grass. From this study, it could be concluded that the allelochemicals in sorghum aqueous extracts were not effective at inhibiting the growth and physiological processes of sesame and the weeds. Therefore, resource-poor farmers cannot rely on sorgaab to control weeds in sesame but there is a need to integrate weed control options to form an effective integrated weed management program.

scholarly journals Evaluation of herbicides and manual weed control methods in the establishment of Theobroma cacao L. in Cross River State of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 298-306
Author(s):  
Ayegboyin Kayode Olufemi ◽  
Adejobi Kayode Babatunde ◽  
Olaniyi Olayinka Olufemi ◽  
Adeosun Seun Adewale ◽  
Ugioro Osasogie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Labour Cost ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Manual Weeding

Field trial was conducted at the Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN), Ajassor substation, Cross River State, Nigeria between 2015 and 2017 to evaluate the effect of different weed control methods on the growth and yield of cocoa during their early years of establishment. Glyphosate and paraquat were applied at 480, 720, 960 and 1440 gram of active ingredient per hectare using very low volume (g a.i. ha-1 vlv) while manual weeding (i.e. slashing with cutlass) was used as the control. A Nigeria commercial cocoa variety Tc series, also known as 18-month cocoa, was established at a CRIN recommended spacing of 3 x 3 m, laid out in a Complete Randomized Block Design with four replications. All young cocoa stands were ring weeded at 50 cm diameter and covered with black polythene bags before the spraying of herbicides during the first six months of establishment to reduce injury that could result from the drifting of herbicide solution to plants during their early growth stage. Data was collected on the plant height, stem girth and number of leaves of cocoa plants while the cocoa dry beans weight and labour cost for each treatment were determined. The results showed that 960 g a.i. ha-1 vlv was the best herbicide application rate while plots under glyphosate at 960 g a.i. ha-1 vlv produced significantly higher values of plant height, stem girth and number of leaves at (p=0.05) than both paraquat at 960 g a.i. ha-1 vlv and manual weeding. Labour cost for controlling weeds with either glyphosate or paraquat at all application rates were considerably lower than cost for control (manual weeding). Glyphosate at 960 g a.i. ha-1 vlv is recommended for weed control in cocoa plantation because it encouraged higher growth and yield performance of cocoa than other treatments, had considerably cheaper cost of application than paraquat at 960 g a.i. ha-1 vlv and manual weeding, and it also ensured a weed-free environment over a longer period of time than the other treatments.

Compatibility and Efficiency of Pre-emergence Herbicides on Weed Control and Seedling Growth of Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) Nursery

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-13
Author(s):  
Poomaruthai Masilamani ◽  
◽  
C. Chinnusamy ◽  
Velanganni Alex Albert ◽  
Marimuthu Govindaraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency ◽  
Knapsack Sprayer ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Nursery experiments were carried out to evaluate three different pre-emergence herbicides on weed control efficiency, seedling survival and seedling growth of Teak nursery. Three days after planting the stumps in poly bags, pre emergence herbicides viz. atrazine (50% WP), pendimethalin (30% EC) and oxyfluorfen (23.5% EC) were applied as herbicide spray with water at different concentrations on the nursery bags using knapsack sprayer. Thirty and sixty days after application of herbicides, observations were made on number of leaves/stump, number of secondary roots/stump, dry matter production (g seedling-1) and survival parentage of Teak seedling in each treatment. Weed control efficiency was worked out on the basis of weed dry weight (g) recorded in each treatment at 30 days after application of herbicides. To evaluate the efficency and compatibility of pre-emergence herbicides on seedling growth of Teak were observed through phytotoxic scoring on 3 days interval up to 30 days and 15 days interval up to 60 days after application of herbicides. The results revealed that the compatibility of application of pre-emergence herbicide of atrazine at 0.50% - 1.0% can be effectively control weeds without impairing the seedling growth of Tectona grandis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document