Effects of Four Years Storage on Germination of R-55 Repellent-Treated White Spruce Seeds

1977 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-141
Author(s):  
A. Radvanyi
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects ◽  
Coating Formulation

The need for a more effective coating formulation to protect white spruce seeds from rodent depredation led to experimentation using a potent rodent repellent, R-55. Germination tests were conducted at two- to three-month intervals over a period of four years to determine possible phytotoxic effects of the R-55 coating when seeds were returned to cold storage. Germination of treated seeds declined only moderately over this period.

Germination of R-55 Repellent Treated and Non-Treated Seeds of White Spruce Following Prolonged Cold Storage

1980 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-62
Author(s):  
A. Radvanyi
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Coating Formulation

Depredation of broadcast seed supplies by small mammals has frequently caused forest regeneration endeavours by direct seeding methods to fail and have pointed out the need for a more effective coating formulation to protect the seed supply. Past experience has indicated coniferous seeds may not always be promptly sown following treatment and seeds are frequently returned to cold storage. Tests indicate white spruce seeds treated with the newly developed R-55 rodent repellent/graphite formulation can be safely stored for at least 5.5 years without a significant decline in germinative capacity.

Effects of early cone collection and artificial ripening on white spruce and red pine germination

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 817-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Winston ◽  
B. D. Haddon
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Seed Stratification ◽  
Pine Cones ◽  
Good Germination

Two experiments were conducted at the Petawawa National Forestry Institute, Chalk River, Ontario, in 1978 to test the feasibility of early cone collection and to determine the optimum conditions for the artificial ripening of white spruce and red pine cones. Cones were collected at periodic intervals, commencing 7 weeks before natural cone ripeness, and stored under four storage conditions and three storage periods. White spruce cones collected August 1, 4 weeks before natural seed dispersal, and stored on open, screened trays for 12 weeks at 5 °C and 75–95% relative humidity yielded seeds of high germinability. Seeds extracted from cones immediately after this collection failed to germinate. Cold storage of white spruce cones at 5 °C for as little as 4 weeks eliminated dormancy and the subsequent need for seed stratification after extraction. Good germination of red pine seeds was obtained from cones collected August 16, 7 weeks before natural seed dispersal, and stored on screened trays in a well-ventilated, unheated building, for 4 weeks.Completion of embryo growth must be attained before artificial ripening can be successfully applied; it may be used as an index for commencement of cone collections provided subsequent cone handling includes artificial ripening.

Influence of flooding and soil temperature on the water relations and morphological development of cold-stored black spruce and white spruce seedlings

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 821-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven C. Grossnickle
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Xylem Pressure Potential ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Flow Through

Fall-lifted, cold-stored black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S. P.) and white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) seedlings [Formula: see text] were planted in a controlled environmental chamber with an air temperature of 20 °C, soil temperatures of 10 or 20 °C, and flooded or nonflooded soil treatments. Stomatal conductance (gwv) was lower in flooded seedlings compared with nonflooded seedlings for both black spruce and white spruce seedlings. Black spruce seedlings drained after 14 days of flooding showed gwv similar to nonflooded seedlings, while drained white spruce seedlings had gwv patterns greater than nonflooded seedlings. White spruce seedlings had diurnal xylem pressure potential (ψx) patterns slightly more negative in the flooded treatment compared with the nonflooded treatment. Measured predawn ψx was found to be more negative in flooded seedlings compared with nonflooded seedlings in both black spruce and white spruce. In both species, flooded seedlings 1 day out of cold storage had a greater resistance to water flow through the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum (RSPAC) compared with non-flooded seedlings. After 21 days out of cold storage, rspac decreased in nonflooded seedlings of both species, while flooded seedlings of both species had high RSPAC values. For both black spruce and white spruce seedlings, flooded soils inhibited root growth, while low soil temperatures resulted in a reduction in root growth in nonflooded seedlings. Shoot growth of white spruce seedlings was not influenced by 21 days of flooding or low soil temperature, while the combination of 21 days of flooding and low soil temperature in black spruce seedlings resulted in less shoot development compared with nonflooded seedlings.

Effects of prolonged cold storage on carbohydrate and protein content and field performance of white spruce bareroot seedlings

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1369-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Jiang ◽  
Janusz J. Zwiazek ◽  
S. Ellen Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Similar Survival

Three-year-old bareroot white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) seedlings from three seedlots were either lifted in the fall of 1990 and stored over winter at −2 °C, or lifted in the spring of 1991. The soluble sugar, starch, and protein contents of needles, stems, and roots were measured in fall-lifted seedlings before, during, and at the end of cold storage and compared with those in spring-lifted seedlings 10 days before outplanting. The soluble sugar content of the seedlings decreased significantly in all tissues during cold storage. At the time of spring planting, sugar and protein levels were similar in fall- and spring-lifted seedlings, but starch content was about two times higher in spring-lifted seedlings. After outplanting, spring-lifted seedlings flushed and resumed root growth sooner than the fall-lifted, cold-stored seedlings. Spring-lifted seedlings also had initially higher photosynthetic rates and water potentials compared with the fall-lifted seedlings. However, both types of seedlings had similar survival rates and 1st year shoot growth in the field. The responses of seedlings to cold storage were similar among seed lots.

Response of 'Lambert' and 'Ron's Seedling' sweet cherries to fumigation with methyl bromide plus cold storage

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 431 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Jessup
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Skin Colour ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects ◽  
Sweet Cherries

Fumigation with methyl bromide followed by storage for 10 or 30 days at 1� retarded weight loss in 'Ron's Seedling' sweet cherries. Loss of skin colour was delayed in 'Lambert' sweet cherries fumigated with 32 dm3 methyl bromide when fumigated at 17�C, compared with fruit not fumigated and those treated with 48 g/m3 methyl bromide. Treatment with 32 dm3 increased the frequency of peduncle abscission in both varieties without serious phytotoxic effects on fruit quality.

scholarly journals Effect of storage on germination of R-55 repellent-treated seed of white spruce

1975 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Radvanyi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Viability ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Seed Fate ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Tracer Methods ◽  
Coating Formulation ◽  
Radio Tracer

Determination of seed fate by radio-tracer methods have indicated seed losses to small mammals in Alberta could be as high as 50% during some years even when the widely accepted formulation of aluminum powder-endrin-arasan-latex had been applied to protect the seed supply in direct seeding operations. The need for a better seed coating formulation led to the development and evaluation of a potent rodent repellent, R-55, to protect spruce seeds from rodent damage. As part of the evaluation of this repellent, white spruce seeds were coated with a 4:1 (weight ratio) mixture R-55/graphite and latex. Treated and non-treated (controls) seed lots were stored in a refrigerator for a 2-year period during which eight germination tests were conducted at 2–3 month intervals to test seed viability. Except for one slight mid-winter decline in germination corresponding to a possible seasonal response of the seeds, no significant decline in germination resulted with storage up to 2 years duration. Studies with other coniferous seeds suggest considerable variability in seed species in response to the R-55/graphite coating and to storage of the treated seed.

Growth of white spruce seedlings following cold storage

1973 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. W. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
White Spruce

Structural integrity after cold storage of human epidermal model in hypothermosol: A correlative ultrastructural and fluorescent assay

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
Henry H. Eichelberger ◽  
John G. Baust ◽  
Robert G. Van Buskirk
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Ruthenium Tetroxide ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Before And After

For research in cell differentiation and in vitro toxicology it is essential to provide a natural state of cell structure as a benchmark for interpreting results. Hypothermosol (Cryomedical Sciences, Rockville, MD) has proven useful in insuring the viability of synthetic human epidermis during cold-storage and in maintaining the epidermis’ ability to continue to differentiate following warming.Human epidermal equivalent, EpiDerm (MatTek Corporation, Ashland, MA) consisting of fully differentiated stratified human epidermal cells were grown on a microporous membrane. EpiDerm samples were fixed before and after cold-storage (4°C) for 5 days in Hypothermosol or skin culture media (MatTek Corporation) and allowed to recover for 7 days at 37°C. EpiDerm samples were fixed 1 hour in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2). A secondary fixation with 0.2% ruthenium tetroxide (Polysciences, Inc., Warrington, PA) in sodium cacodylate was carried out for 3 hours at 4°C. Other samples were similarly fixed, but with 1% Osmium tetroxide in place of ruthenium tetroxide. Samples were dehydrated through a graded acetone series, infiltrated with Spurrs resin (Polysciences Inc.) and polymerized at 70°C.

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