scholarly journals Ten-year Growth Response to Fertilizer of a 90-year-old Black Spruce Stand in Northwestern Ontario

1976 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. K. Morrison ◽  
N. W. Foster ◽  
D. A. Winston ◽  
H. S. D. Swan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Range Test

A fertilizer experiment with three levels of urea, two of triple superphosphate and two of muriate of potash was established in a 90-year-old black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) stand on a moist-to-wet site in northwestern Ontario. Response variables estimated or measured at 6 and 10 years after fertilization were mean DBH increment, BA increment (per cent and absolute), and total and merchantable volume increment. Analysis of variance and Duncan's New Multiple Range Test were carried out. Results indicated significant growth response only for one combination of N and P, and only in relation to mean DBH increment. No interactions were significant. Inspection of data revealed trends suggesting that response, which was limited, was generally to P and to a smaller degree to N. Compared with literature values, volume growth responses were generally low, about 9 m3/ha estimated total volume increment over controls in 10 years. Possible reasons for low response, including nutrient loss (particularly of N) from the root zone and low application rates are discussed.

Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium fertilizers on growth of a semimature jack pine forest, northwestern Ontario

1995 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. K. Morrison ◽  
N. W. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Forest Fertilization ◽  
Site Class ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
A Site ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

In the spring of 1969, an experiment to test response (mean DBH, BA, BA%, and total and merchantable volume increments) to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) fertilizers, singly and in combination, was established in a semimature jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forest on a Site Class III sandy site in the Dryden-Sioux Lookout area of northwestern Ontario, Canada. Analysis of variance of 10-year increments revealed highly significant (P = 0.01) responses of mean DBH increment, BA and percent BA increments, and total and merchantable volume increments to N, but no response to either P or Mg. An interaction between N and P was noted, however, in relation to BA and to total and merchantable volume increments. The best treatment in terms of total volume increment over that of the control was 151 kg N ha−1 plus 62 kg Mg ha−1, which produced ca. 16 m3 ha−1 of extra wood over 10 years. Key words: forest fertilization, nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium fertilizers, jack pine growth response

Residual-tree growth responses to partial stand harvest in the black spruce (Picea mariana) boreal forestThis article is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Forum IUFRO 1.05 Uneven-Aged Silvicultural Research Group Conference on Natural Disturbance-Based Silviculture: Managing for Complexity.

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1563-1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Thorpe ◽  
S. C. Thomas ◽  
J. P. Caspersen
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Partial Harvest ◽  
Partial Harvesting

Variants of partial harvesting are gaining favour as means to balance ecosystem management and timber production objectives on managed boreal forest landscapes. Understanding how residual trees respond to these alternative silvicultural treatments is a critical step towards evaluating their potential from either a conservation or a wood supply perspective. We used dendroecological techniques combined with a chronosequence approach to quantify the temporal radial growth response pattern of residual black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) trees to partial harvest in northeastern Ontario. At its peak, 8–9 years after harvest, radial growth of residual trees had doubled. The growth pattern was characterized by a 2-year phase of no response, a subsequent period of increase 3–9 years after harvest, and a stage of declining rates 10–12 years after harvest. The magnitude of tree growth response depended strongly on tree age: peak postharvest growth was substantially higher for young trees, while old trees displayed only modest growth increases. Both the large magnitude and the time delay in postharvest growth responses have important implications for the development of more accurate quantitative tools to project future yields and, more generally, for determining whether partial harvesting is a viable management option for the boreal forest.

Accroissement en volume de l'épinette noire: précision de sa détermination

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1816-1822
Author(s):  
Richard Zarnovican
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Probability Level ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Local Volume ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Annual Volume ◽  
Volume Equation

The relationship between volume growth rate and diameter growth rate (diameter at breast height) was studied from growth data established by stem analysis for dominant black spruce trees (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) of a black spruce – feather moss stand. The results indicate a very close relationship between the two variables, and a linear model was chosen to predict volume growth rate. Independent model validation, based upon analysis of residual errors, indicates a small positive bias (0.006%) with a relatively good precision (±9.9%) and a χ2 test anticipated accuracy of ±0.71% at the 0.05 probability level. The annual volume increment calculated with the prediction model and with the local volume equation for validation data was more precise (bias = −0.02 dm3/year, precision = ±11.8%) than the volume increment calculated with this model and the general volume equation (bias = −0.39 dm3/year, precision = ±26.4%). Finally, the χ2 test showed that the anticipated accuracy of the annual volume increment was ±0.54 dm3/year at the 0.05 probability level for the prediction model and the local volume equation, and ±0.90 dm3/year for the prediction model and the general volume equation for validation data.

Growth Response of a Boreal Black Spruce Stand to Fertilizer Treatments

1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil W. Foster ◽  
Ian K. Morrison ◽  
H. S. D. Swan
Keyword(s):  
Field Trial ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Four Levels

Abstract Results are reported for a fertilizer field trial with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers in a 100-yr-old black spruce stand in the Lake Nipigon region of northern Ontario. A comparison of four levels of N (0, 112, 224, and 336 kg/ha) revealed significant effects (p = .05) of treatment on diameter growth. In a comparison of N (112 and 224 kg/ha) in combination with K and PK (74 and 93 kg/ha, respectively) the volume growth of fertilized trees, at the end of 5 and 10 years, was generally greater than that of controls, but not significantly greater (p = .05). The best 10- year growth response was to 224 kg N/ha, which produced 7.4 m3/ha of extra wood over controls. No additional growth was realized when K and PK were added with N. North. J. Appl. For. 3:142-144, Dec. 1986.

Modelling volume growth response of young Scots pine (Pinus sylvetris) stands to N, P, and K fertilization in drained peatland sites in Finland

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1359-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannu Hökkä ◽  
Jaakko Repola ◽  
Mikko Moilanen
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Nutrient Imbalances ◽  
Long Stem ◽  
Fertilization Experiments ◽  
Npk Fertilization

Fertilizers are applied in drained peatland forests to correct nutrient imbalances, but few models have been developed for predicting the stand growth response. We used 10- to 34-year-long stem growth increment data from 51 fertilization experiments involving ash, PK, and NPK treatments (doses of P, K, and N varying between 35 and 45, 60 and 80, and 80 and 90 kg·ha–1, respectively) and controls to model the volume growth response of young Scots pine (Pinus sylvetris L.) stands to fertilization in drained peatland sites of middle and northern Finland. We used the linear mixed models method to express the stand-level growth response as a function of time (5-year periods), site type group, location, and the fertilization treatment (ash–PK combined and NPK). Different growth responses were obtained for nitrogen-rich sites with PK treatment and nitrogen-poor sites with NPK treatment. The PK fertilization in nitrogen-rich sites resulted in the largest volume growth response and longest temporal effect (1.0–2.0 m3·ha–1·a–1 higher mean growth for at least 35 years), with quicker and stronger effects in more southern conditions where average temperature sums were greater than 1000 degree-days (°C). NPK fertilization in nitrogen-poor sites gave a modest response (0.4–0.8 m3·ha–1·a–1 in 35 years).

An evaluation of growth response of young, spaced balsam fir to 3 years of spruce budworm spraying with Bacillusthuringiensis

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Piene ◽  
D. A. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Average Volume ◽  
Cape Breton ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Total Gain

Growth response of young, spaced balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) to 3 successive years (1979–1981) of treatment with Bacillusthuringiensis Berliner for spruce budworm (Choristoneurafumiferana (Clem.)) control was examined in 20 plots on the Cape Breton Highlands, Nova Scotia. Defoliation commenced in 1976, 3 years before control operations began. Five plots were established both inside and outside the spray block, in areas that had been severely defoliated by budworm and in areas moderately defoliated. All plots in the severely defoliated area suffered heavy tree mortality, but mortality was significantly lower in the protected plots. In contrast, the moderately defoliated plots suffered virtually no tree mortality. The average volume increment of stem-analyzed trees from 1979 to 1981 was 0.63 dm3/tree for protected and 0.43 dm3/tree for unprotected trees in the severely defoliated area versus 4.15 dm3/tree for protected and 3.08 dm3/tree for unprotected trees in the moderately defoliated area. These volume increment values are equivalent to 8.8 m3/ha of growth between 1979 and 1981 for protected plots in the moderately defoliated area, compared with 6.1 m3/ha for unprotected plots. Therefore, a total gain of 2.7 m3/ha can be attributed to the 3 years of B. thuringiensis spraying. Long-term growth responses toB. thuringiensis spraying were not evaluated. Better results would be expected had protection started at the beginning of the budworm outbreak, instead of after 3 years of severe defoliation.

Long-term differential stem growth responses in mature eastern white pine following release from competition

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddie Bevilacqua ◽  
David Puttock ◽  
Terence J Blake ◽  
Darwin Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Volume Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Stem Form ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Growth Allocation ◽  
Canopy Position ◽  
Volume Increment

The magnitude and duration of the growth response in residual trees following silvicultural release treatments are measures used to assess the success of silvicultural practices. Eighty-eight eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) trees, representing three different dominance classes, were sampled destructively from stands from a single study site that included areas of both unharvested (control) and silvicultural release treatments. The study area consisted of several pine mixedwood stands with understory white pine growing in association with an overstory of predominantly intolerant hardwoods. Annual height, diameter, basal area, stem and sawtimber volume increment, pattern of stem increment allocation along the bole, stem form, and height–diameter ratio were reconstructed over a postrelease period of 23 years using detailed stem analysis. Within 3 years of release, white pine in all dominance classes showed significant increases in diameter, basal area, and volume increment compared with control trees. Differences in the volume increment between released and control trees varied with canopy position, with emergent trees showing the greatest increased volume growth, followed by dominant and intermediate classes, respectively. A temporary shift in the growth allocation pattern along the bole varied depending on crown class, suggesting a period of growth adjustment during which trees are acclimating to changes in resource availability and wind exposure. The shift in growth allocation contributed to increased stem taper, resulting in decreased form class and height–diameter ratios in the released trees.

Vertical patterns in specific volume increment along stems of dominant jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and black spruce (Picea mariana) after thinning

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venceslas Goudiaby ◽  
Suzanne Brais ◽  
Frank Berninger ◽  
Robert Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Specific Volume ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Foliage Density

Jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) total stem volume increment and vertical growth distribution after thinning were quantified and related to foliage biomass, foliage density, and growth efficiency (GE) (stem to foliage biomass ratio). Significant positive stem volume increments were observed following thinning for jack pine (3 years after) and black spruce (4 years after). Both species reacted differently in terms of the distribution in specific volume increments (SVI) (annual stem volume increment to cambial surface ratio): (i) for jack pine, an increase in SVI was first observed at the base of the tree, with the increase moving upwards, showing that the taper was likely to increase following thinning and (ii) for black spruce, the vertical distribution of SVI was constant, leading to no modifications in stem taper. For jack pine, total stem volume growth was related to an increase in GE and a greater foliage biomass at midcrown, with foliage density staying constant. For black spruce, however, no changes in GE, foliage biomass, and foliage mass density were observed.

Growth response of unthinned and thinned Douglas-fir stands to single and multiple applications of nitrogen

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Stegemoeller ◽  
H. N. Chappell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Untreated Plot ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Duration Of Response ◽  
And Control

Basal area and volume growth response of unthinned and thinned Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stands to single and multiple applications of nitrogen fertilizer were estimated for eight 2-year periods. Response estimates, as differences between growth rates on fertilized and control plots after adjusting for initial volume (or basal area), and trends were analyzed on a regional scale. Average responses to the initial fertilization and to both the second and third fertilizer applications, 8 and 12 years later, were statistically significant (p < 0.05). In thinned stands, average duration of response to the initial treatment was approximately 8 years; unthinned stands continued to show significant volume growth response through 14 years, although basal area growth response decreased to nonsignificant levels between years 10 and 12. In both cases, the response to refertilization, while significant, was smaller than the response to the initial fertilization. Nitrogen applied after the 8th year, and a refertilization after the 12th, on one initially untreated plot at each installation also produced significant average growth responses.

scholarly journals Sprucing up the mixedwoods: growth response of white spruce (Picea glauca) to partial cutting in the eastern Canadian boreal forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1205-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Smith ◽  
Brian D. Harvey ◽  
Ahmed Koubaa ◽  
Suzanne Brais ◽  
Marc J. Mazerolle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Mixed Effect

Mixed-species stands present a number of opportunities for and challenges to forest managers. Boreal mixedwood stands in eastern Canada are often characterized by a dominant canopy of shade-intolerant aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) with more shade-tolerant conifers in the mid- to sub-canopy layers. Because the aspen and conifer components often attain optimal merchantable sizes at different moments in stand development, there is an interest in developing silvicultural practices that allow partial or total removal of aspen and favour accelerated growth of residual conifers. We tested four partial harvesting treatments in mixed aspen – white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss) stands in which different proportions of aspen (0%, 50%, 65%, and 100% basal area) were removed. Ten years after treatments, 72 spruce stems representing dominant, co-dominant, and suppressed social classes were destructively sampled for stem analysis. Using linear mixed effect models, we analyzed growth as a function of treatment intensity, time since treatment, social status, pretreatment growth rate, and neighbourhood competition. Relative to control stands, radial and volume growth responses were detected only in the extreme treatment of 100% aspen removal. In relative terms, suppressed trees showed the greatest magnitude of cumulative growth increase. Compared with control trees, average annual radial and volume increments were, respectively, 23.5% and 7.1% higher for dominant trees, 67.7% and 24.1% higher for co-dominant trees, and 115.8% and 65.6% higher for suppressed trees over the 10 years after treatment. Growth response was proportional to pretreatment growth rate, and among neighbouring trees, only coniferous neighbours had a negative effect on white spruce growth. Our results suggest that in similar mixed-stand conditions, relatively heavy removal of overstory aspen accompanied by thinning of crowded conifers would result in greatest growth response of residual spruce stems.

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