Modelling volume growth response of young Scots pine (Pinus sylvetris) stands to N, P, and K fertilization in drained peatland sites in Finland

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1359-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannu Hökkä ◽  
Jaakko Repola ◽  
Mikko Moilanen
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Nutrient Imbalances ◽  
Long Stem ◽  
Fertilization Experiments ◽  
Npk Fertilization

Fertilizers are applied in drained peatland forests to correct nutrient imbalances, but few models have been developed for predicting the stand growth response. We used 10- to 34-year-long stem growth increment data from 51 fertilization experiments involving ash, PK, and NPK treatments (doses of P, K, and N varying between 35 and 45, 60 and 80, and 80 and 90 kg·ha–1, respectively) and controls to model the volume growth response of young Scots pine (Pinus sylvetris L.) stands to fertilization in drained peatland sites of middle and northern Finland. We used the linear mixed models method to express the stand-level growth response as a function of time (5-year periods), site type group, location, and the fertilization treatment (ash–PK combined and NPK). Different growth responses were obtained for nitrogen-rich sites with PK treatment and nitrogen-poor sites with NPK treatment. The PK fertilization in nitrogen-rich sites resulted in the largest volume growth response and longest temporal effect (1.0–2.0 m3·ha–1·a–1 higher mean growth for at least 35 years), with quicker and stronger effects in more southern conditions where average temperature sums were greater than 1000 degree-days (°C). NPK fertilization in nitrogen-poor sites gave a modest response (0.4–0.8 m3·ha–1·a–1 in 35 years).

scholarly journals Ten-year Growth Response to Fertilizer of a 90-year-old Black Spruce Stand in Northwestern Ontario

1976 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. K. Morrison ◽  
N. W. Foster ◽  
D. A. Winston ◽  
H. S. D. Swan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Range Test

A fertilizer experiment with three levels of urea, two of triple superphosphate and two of muriate of potash was established in a 90-year-old black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) stand on a moist-to-wet site in northwestern Ontario. Response variables estimated or measured at 6 and 10 years after fertilization were mean DBH increment, BA increment (per cent and absolute), and total and merchantable volume increment. Analysis of variance and Duncan's New Multiple Range Test were carried out. Results indicated significant growth response only for one combination of N and P, and only in relation to mean DBH increment. No interactions were significant. Inspection of data revealed trends suggesting that response, which was limited, was generally to P and to a smaller degree to N. Compared with literature values, volume growth responses were generally low, about 9 m3/ha estimated total volume increment over controls in 10 years. Possible reasons for low response, including nutrient loss (particularly of N) from the root zone and low application rates are discussed.

Growth response of unthinned and thinned Douglas-fir stands to single and multiple applications of nitrogen

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Stegemoeller ◽  
H. N. Chappell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Untreated Plot ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Duration Of Response ◽  
And Control

Basal area and volume growth response of unthinned and thinned Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stands to single and multiple applications of nitrogen fertilizer were estimated for eight 2-year periods. Response estimates, as differences between growth rates on fertilized and control plots after adjusting for initial volume (or basal area), and trends were analyzed on a regional scale. Average responses to the initial fertilization and to both the second and third fertilizer applications, 8 and 12 years later, were statistically significant (p < 0.05). In thinned stands, average duration of response to the initial treatment was approximately 8 years; unthinned stands continued to show significant volume growth response through 14 years, although basal area growth response decreased to nonsignificant levels between years 10 and 12. In both cases, the response to refertilization, while significant, was smaller than the response to the initial fertilization. Nitrogen applied after the 8th year, and a refertilization after the 12th, on one initially untreated plot at each installation also produced significant average growth responses.

scholarly journals Sprucing up the mixedwoods: growth response of white spruce (Picea glauca) to partial cutting in the eastern Canadian boreal forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1205-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Smith ◽  
Brian D. Harvey ◽  
Ahmed Koubaa ◽  
Suzanne Brais ◽  
Marc J. Mazerolle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Mixed Effect

Mixed-species stands present a number of opportunities for and challenges to forest managers. Boreal mixedwood stands in eastern Canada are often characterized by a dominant canopy of shade-intolerant aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) with more shade-tolerant conifers in the mid- to sub-canopy layers. Because the aspen and conifer components often attain optimal merchantable sizes at different moments in stand development, there is an interest in developing silvicultural practices that allow partial or total removal of aspen and favour accelerated growth of residual conifers. We tested four partial harvesting treatments in mixed aspen – white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss) stands in which different proportions of aspen (0%, 50%, 65%, and 100% basal area) were removed. Ten years after treatments, 72 spruce stems representing dominant, co-dominant, and suppressed social classes were destructively sampled for stem analysis. Using linear mixed effect models, we analyzed growth as a function of treatment intensity, time since treatment, social status, pretreatment growth rate, and neighbourhood competition. Relative to control stands, radial and volume growth responses were detected only in the extreme treatment of 100% aspen removal. In relative terms, suppressed trees showed the greatest magnitude of cumulative growth increase. Compared with control trees, average annual radial and volume increments were, respectively, 23.5% and 7.1% higher for dominant trees, 67.7% and 24.1% higher for co-dominant trees, and 115.8% and 65.6% higher for suppressed trees over the 10 years after treatment. Growth response was proportional to pretreatment growth rate, and among neighbouring trees, only coniferous neighbours had a negative effect on white spruce growth. Our results suggest that in similar mixed-stand conditions, relatively heavy removal of overstory aspen accompanied by thinning of crowded conifers would result in greatest growth response of residual spruce stems.

scholarly journals Response of a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stand to application of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and lime. 3. Foliar nutrient concentrations and stand development

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-307
Author(s):  
G. Arnold ◽  
A. Van Diest
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Foliar Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Annual Volume ◽  
Individual Trees

In 1985-88, a 25-yr-old Scots pine forest in Netherlands was limed and fertilized with P, K and Mg in a factoral design. This paper addresses effects of these treatments on foliar nutrient concentrations and tree growth. Stem volume increments of individual trees were measured. Average annual volume growth was estimated to be about 16 msuperscript 3/ha, which may be a slight underestimation. P and K showed increased foliar concentrations immediately after treatment and were the only elements that significantly increased volume growth in 1988-91. Additional annual volume growth of individual trees brought about by P and K corresponded with 0.9 and 2.2 msuperscript 3/ha, respectively. Foliar Mg and Ca increased later and insignificantly reduced and increased volume growth, respectively. Lime and Mg applications tended to lower foliar N. When absolute foliar concentrations and element ratios were compared to Dutch and German standards, it appeared that application of some of these standards in present research would not always have given a fully correct prediction of growth responses to nutrient additions.

scholarly journals The effect of different stand density on diameter growth response in Scots pine stands in relation to climate situations

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 461-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Novák ◽  
M. Slodičák ◽  
D. Kacálek ◽  
D. Dušek
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Experimental Series ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Pine Stands

The effect of stand density on the resistance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) to climatic stress and subsequent response of diameter increment were investigated using data gathered from six long-term experimental series located in the typical pine regions of the Czech Republic (sandy nutrient-poor soils on the Pineto-Quercetum oligotrophicum-arenosum). Diameter growth of dominant individuals (with the largest diameter at the age before the first thinning) was measured in all variants of experimental series (control and thinned). Monthly average temperature and total precipitation were taken from the nearest climatological stations and, additionally, three climatic factors (precipitation and temperature ratio in different periods) were calculated. Diameter growth responses were analyzed in connection with long-term deviations of climatic characteristics. The effect of different stand density on diameter growth response in relation to climate situations was evaluated by cluster analysis and the variability of diameter growth response to climate situations was interpreted by the variance of correlation coefficients in groups of sample trees. The investigation confirmed the significant negative effect of meteorological drought on diameter increment of studied pine stands in the period of the last 30 years. At the same time, we observed a significant positive influence of higher spring (February, March) air temperatures on the annual diameter growth of dominant trees. The effect of stand density (in thinned stands) on the relation between diameter growth and climatic characteristic was not significant.

scholarly journals Growth Responses of Boreal Scots Pine, Norway Spruce and Silver Birch Seedlings to Simulated Climate Warming over Three Growing Seasons in a Controlled Field Experiment

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 943
Author(s):  
Katri Nissinen ◽  
Virpi Virjamo ◽  
Antti Kilpeläinen ◽  
Veli-Pekka Ikonen ◽  
Laura Pikkarainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Simulated Climate ◽  
Shoot And Root Biomass

We studied the growth responses of boreal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings to simulated climate warming of an average of 1.3 °C over the growing season in a controlled field experiment in central Finland. We had six replicate plots for elevated and ambient temperature for each tree species. The warming treatment lasted for the conifers for three growing seasons and for the birch two growing seasons. We measured the height and diameter growth of all the seedlings weekly during the growing season. The shoot and root biomass and their ratios were measured annually in one-third of seedlings harvested from each plot in autumn. After two growing seasons, the height, diameter and shoot biomass were 45%, 19% and 41% larger in silver birch seedlings under the warming treatment, but the root biomass was clearly less affected. After three growing seasons, the height, diameter, shoot and root biomass were under a warming treatment 39, 47, 189 and 113% greater in Scots pine, but the root:shoot ratio 29% lower, respectively. The corresponding responses of Norway spruce to warming were clearly smaller (e.g., shoot biomass 46% higher under a warming treatment). As a comparison, the relative response of height growth in silver birch was after two growing seasons equal to that measured in Scots pine after three growing seasons. Based on our findings, especially silver birch seedlings, but also Scots pine seedlings benefitted from warming, which should be taken into account in forest regeneration in the future.

scholarly journals Interacting effects of insect and ungulate herbivory on Scots pine growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Nordkvist ◽  
Maartje J. Klapwijk ◽  
La rs Edenius ◽  
Christer Björkman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Insect Herbivory ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Ungulate Herbivory ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractMost plants are subjected to damage from multiple species of herbivores, and the combined impact on plant growth can be non-additive. Since plant response to herbivores tends to be species specific, and change with repeated damage, the outcome likely depend on the sequence and number of attacks. There is a high likelihood of non-additive effects on plant growth by damage from mammals and insects, as mammalian herbivory can alter insect herbivore damage levels, yet few studies have explored this. We report the growth response of young Scots pine trees to sequential mammal and insect herbivory, varying the sequence and number of damage events, using an ungulate-pine-sawfly system. Combined sawfly and ungulate herbivory had both additive and non-additive effects on pine growth—the growth response depended on the combination of ungulate browsing and sawfly defoliation (significant interaction effect). Repeated sawfly herbivory reduced growth (compared to single defoliation) on un-browsed trees. However, on browsed trees, depending on when sawfly defoliation was combined with browsing, trees exposed to repeated sawfly herbivory had both higher, lower and the same growth as trees exposed to a single defoliation event. We conclude that the sequence of attacks by multiple herbivores determine plant growth response.

Growth responses in red deer hinds from 16-24 months of age when fed two energy levels during their second winter

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
M H Davies ◽  
D W Deakin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
Red Meats

It is important that venison competes with other red meats in efficiency and cost of production. The growth responses of farmed red deer during the first 15-18 months of life have been well defined under a wide range of feeding and daylength regimes (Davies, 1995). However there is a need to examine less intensive systems of production which aim to maximise growth from grazed grass, following various growth-restriction feeding regimes during winter. The objective of this experiment was to quantify the growth response in 16-24 month old hinds fed two contrasting feeding regimes during their second winter, followed by a period at pasture.

scholarly journals Insights into mechanisms governing forest carbon response to nitrogen deposition: a model–data comparison using observed responses to nitrogen addition

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 3869-3887 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Q. Thomas ◽  
G. B. Bonan ◽  
C. L. Goodale
Keyword(s):  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Fertilization Experiments

Abstract. In many forest ecosystems, nitrogen (N) deposition enhances plant uptake of carbon dioxide, thus reducing climate warming from fossil fuel emissions. Therefore, accurately modeling how forest carbon (C) sequestration responds to N deposition is critical for understanding how future changes in N availability will influence climate. Here, we use observations of forest C response to N inputs along N deposition gradients and at five temperate forest sites with fertilization experiments to test and improve a global biogeochemical model (CLM-CN 4.0). We show that the CLM-CN plant C growth response to N deposition was smaller than observed and the modeled response to N fertilization was larger than observed. A set of modifications to the CLM-CN improved the correspondence between model predictions and observational data (1) by increasing the aboveground C storage in response to historical N deposition (1850–2004) from 14 to 34 kg C per additional kg N added through deposition and (2) by decreasing the aboveground net primary productivity response to N fertilization experiments from 91 to 57 g C m−2 yr−1. Modeled growth response to N deposition was most sensitive to altering the processes that control plant N uptake and the pathways of N loss. The response to N deposition also increased with a more closed N cycle (reduced N fixation and N gas loss) and decreased when prioritizing microbial over plant uptake of soil inorganic N. The net effect of all the modifications to the CLM-CN resulted in greater retention of N deposition and a greater role of synergy between N deposition and rising atmospheric CO2 as a mechanism governing increases in temperate forest primary production over the 20th century. Overall, testing models with both the response to gradual increases in N inputs over decades (N deposition) and N pulse additions of N over multiple years (N fertilization) allows for greater understanding of the mechanisms governing C–N coupling.

Dose-Dependent Effects of the Action of Sulfur Nanoparticles on the Growth Response and Seed Production of Typical Steppe Phytocenoses

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zinaida N. Ryabinina ◽  
Marija V. Ryabukhina ◽  
Maya V. Kolodina
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Typical Steppe ◽  
Forms Of Life ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Biological Group ◽  
Sulfur Nanoparticles

The article presents the results of a study of typical steppe phytocenoses presented one ecological and biological group - xeromesophyte but different systematic affiliation and forms of life, to the action of sulfur nanoparticles. Results of the study showed a relationship between the concentrations of sulfur nanoparticles and growth responses, biochemical parameters and seed productivity of investigated species

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