Research on Nondestructive Testing of Wood in Canada

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-138
Author(s):  
C. R. Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Nondestructive Testing ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Nondestructive Tests ◽  
Precise Evaluation ◽  
New Development ◽  
Development Failure ◽  
Do So

Since early in Canada's history men have, in effect, applied the principles of nondestructive testing of wood. They visually graded timber for the specific purposes they had in mind. With increasing competition from other construction materials whose properties have been capable of more precise evaluation, wood has, in many cases, found itself superseded. Modern, nondestructive tests can accomplish much towards rectifying this unsatisfactory situation. Since 1951, the Ottawa and Vancouver Forest Products Laboratories have been engaged on research which has led to some notable advances in this field. Some of these have been adopted by industry while others have not. Although much research remains to be done to identify and perfect new and improved means of nondestructive testing, it nevertheless behooves the forest industry to make use of every technique presently available to the fullest extent possible and at the same time keep abreast of every new development. Failure to do so could result in further advantage to those materials in competition with wood.

scholarly journals Non-wood Forest Products Based on Extractives- A New Opportunity for Canadian Forest Industry Part 2- Softwood Forest Species

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Royer ◽  
Robert Houde ◽  
Tatjana Stevanovic
Keyword(s):  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Existing Data

<p>Forest resources are among the most important of Canada (in the case of Quebec, nearly 90% of the territory). Innovation represents an essential challenge for the Canadian forest industry, which is presently undergoing major changes towards finding new solutions for recovery. The processing of forest biomass has become increasingly relevant along with the popular concept of biorefineries. This concept should include the development of novel technologies based on forest extractives. Bioactive molecules are readily available through eco-friendly extraction processes using various types of forest residues including barks which are generated in significant quantities by the industry. This literature review offers a glimpse into the softwood boreal forest with a particular focus on industrial species. We are adopting an ethno-pharmacological approach prior to presenting existing data on bioactive molecules from various sources, along with results from our own laboratory. In conclusion, this paper clearly demonstrates the need for further research on bioactive molecules from Canadian forest species since there remains an important lack of reliable data.</p>

Forest Industry in West-Central Canada, 1972

1977 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 332-335
Author(s):  
Alan G. Teskey ◽  
Jack H. Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Forest Products Industry ◽  
West Central ◽  
Central Canada ◽  
Economic Ties

In 1972, west-central Canada's forest products industry of 691 establishments had gross sales of $300 million ($264 million net), and provided the equivalent of 5,900 full-time jobs directly and another 6,100 indirectly. More than two-thirds of the gross sales came from export, generating valuable foreign exchange earnings for Canada. Major products were 600,000 tonnes of pulp and paper, 431 million m2 of fibreboard, waferboard and plywood, 8 million pieces of pressure-treated products and more than 2 million m3 of lumber.Beyond these direct impacts were the secondary business activity and employment generated in other industries and sectors of the economy which had economic ties with the forest industry.

scholarly journals Economic Contribution to Local Livelihoods and Households Dependency on Dry Land Forest Products in Hammer District, Southeastern Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagm Fikir ◽  
Wubalem Tadesse ◽  
Abdella Gure
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
Forest Income ◽  
Economic Contribution

The study was conducted in Hammer district, Southern Ethiopia, to provide empirical evidence on economic contribution to local livelihoods and households dependency on dry forest products. One agropastoral and two pastoral kebeles were purposively selected, and data was collected through household survey, group discussions, market assessments, and field observation. A total of 164 households, selected based on a random sampling procedure, were interviewed using structured questionnaire. The study found that income from forest products contributes 21.4% of the total annual household income. The major dry forest products include honey, fuel wood, gum and resin, and crafts and construction materials, contributing 49%, 39%, 6%, and 6% of the forest income, respectively. Households of the pastoral site earned more forest income and were relatively more dependent on forest products income than those in the agropastoral study site. Significant variation was also found among income groups: households with higher total annual income obtain more forest income than those with lower income, but they are relatively less dependent on forest products than the lower counterpart. Besides, various socioeconomic and contextual factors were found to influence forest income and dependency. The findings of the study provide valuable information up on which important implications for dry land forest development and management strategies can be drawn.

scholarly journals Non-Timber Forest Products and their Role in the Livelihoods of People of Nepal: A Critical Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-56
Author(s):  
Sami Shrestha ◽  
Jiban Shrestha ◽  
Kabita Kumari Shah
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Environmental Values ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Climatic Variations ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
User Groups

Nepal is a rich source of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in terms of production and trading practices. The altitudinal and climatic variations in various pockets of Nepal have contributed to their diversity. This article attempts to outline the current status of NTFPs and its importance in the Nepalese economy. NTFPs provide rural people with food, medicine, construction materials, and income. About 80% of the rural population depend on the NTFPs for their livelihood and Nepal. NTFPs have commercial, socioeconomic and environmental values in rural communities. More than 700 species of plants are recognized as producing NTFPs and about 150 species of these are commonly used in international trade. The management of NTFPs has been receiving increasing attention from donors, development agencies and user groups who are involved in different aspects of NTFP promotion. Sustainable exploitation, use, and commercialization of NTFPs are important for socio-economic development, poverty reduction, and livelihood enhancement of rural people in Nepal.

scholarly journals Strategic directions of foreign trade activity of the forest industry of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-174
Author(s):  
Iu. V. Kuzminykh ◽  
N. A. Kudrova ◽  
A. F. Zavgorodnij
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
World Market ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
Russian Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
Foreign Trade Activity ◽  
Russian Forest

The most complete realization of the export potential of the Russian forest industry on the world market provides for the implementation of a strategic scenario for the development of the industry. The article analyzes the reality of achieving forecast indicators of priority areas for non&resource export of forest products. To stimulate investment in timber production, the authors proposed the use of a special investment contract mechanism, which has already found application in other sectors of Russian industry.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Local Forest Products at the End of the 19th Century: A Case Study of Former Villages in Iwate Prefecture

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1044
Author(s):  
Keiko Izumi
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Gis Mapping ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Edible Wild Plants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tree Sap ◽  
Iwate Prefecture

Recent research in Japan has investigated how local people historically utilized natural resources, using geographic information systems (GIS). These works have helped to clarify the role of forest provisioning services in the past, and have shown how modern landscapes were formed. The aim of this study was to elucidate the utilization of plant resources in forest landscapes of both fields and mountains, in the late 19th century in Iwate Prefecture, located in northeastern Japan. This study focused on a different area and a larger scale than previous studies, and included information from 642 villages. This study specifically focused on what kinds of forest products were historically used and shipped, which species were used, and how these uses were distributed around the prefecture. A combination of historical documents and GIS mapping, named MANDARA, was employed. The primary historical document was “The topography of Iwate Prefecture” that was published from 1876 to 1885, and recorded the products used in each village. A wide range of forest products were recorded, which contained both edible and inedible plants further split into 10 primary categories: edible wild plants, mushrooms, nuts and berries, medical herbs, timber, agricultural and construction materials, fuel, tree sap, bark, and others. Many villages also produced various secondary processed goods. Fifty-two species were specified as forest products, which included some estimation, and were composed of 19 herbaceous and 23 arboreal species. GIS mapping of each village indicated that firewood and charcoal were shipped to towns located in southern Iwate, from around Kesen County. People might trade these fuel woods on markets. On the other hand, chestnut (Castanea crenata S. et Z.) and acorn were produced in the low-density populated area all around Iwate.

Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing Analysis of 3D 5-Directional Braided Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 601 ◽  
pp. 50-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Li He ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Chong Liu ◽  
Qian Qian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Nondestructive Testing ◽  
Wavelet Analysis ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Braided Composites ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Nondestructive Tests ◽  
3D Braided Composites ◽  
Mechanics Performance

Defects might be formed within braided composites because of the special production process and would have negative effects on the mechanics performance of 3D braided composites. It is important to test and analyses defects to take preventive measures for preventing their formation. In this paper, defects of 3D braided composites were analyzed and methods of nondestructive testing were introduced. Ultrasonic nondestructive testing is one of the earliest methods of nondestructive testing used to evaluate composites. Ultrasonic nondestructive tests of 3D 5-directional braided composites were carried in this paper and the characteristics values were extracted by wavelet analysis method and defect qualitative analysis was implemented.

scholarly journals Conceptual Approaches to Formation of Wood Industry Cluster in Russia

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Николай Кожухов ◽  
Nikolay Kozhukhov ◽  
Николай Кожемяко ◽  
Nikolay Kozhemyako ◽  
Андрей Фитчин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Products ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Industry Cluster ◽  
Timber Industry ◽  
Tomsk Region

World experience shows the effectiveness of the creation of clusters in various industries. A lot of work and research domestic and foreign scholars and practitioners are dedicated to study and development of mechanisms of realization of industrial policy. The article analyzes the main indicators of the forest industry and forestry in Tomsk region in recent years, the basic provisions are revealed, Factors determining the development trends of the industry are analyzed. The authors identified the major systemic problems hindering the progressive development of forest sector in Tomsk region, including low level of development of periodic yield, the lack of transport and economically available forest resources, inadequate production structure and export of forest products, financial situation of enterprises of the sector, insufficient staffing, weak territorial cooperation of the enterprises and organizations. The article defines the objective conditions for creation of timber industry cluster in Tomsk region, goals, objectives and directions of sustainable development of the forest sector in Tomsk region on the basis of cluster approach are identified. Among the main areas that determine competitiveness of products and possibility of increasing the efficiency of forest management, the following issues are highlighted: development of deep processing of wood through the use of low-grade wood and wood waste, development of transport infrastructure in forests, improving human potential, expanding the range of manufactured timber enterprises in the cluster of products and implementation of joint projects. The conclusions can provide theoretical basis for further research in the field of economic security and development of timber processing complex and forestry. Obtained results can be used both by researchers in further research work to explore issues of cluster development of timber industry and regional authorities and business structures functioning in the sphere of forest industry.

Forest Products Utilization Within a Circular Bioeconomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Richard F. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Structures ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Diverse Species ◽  
Wood Construction

Abstract The advent of tall wood structures in North America is heightening a public awareness that forest products, designed for higher and better uses, will lead to enhanced environmental benefits within the Circular Bioeconomy. The application of these newer wood-based processing technologies and their resulting products, in place of completive products such as concrete, steel and other non-wood construction materials, will redefine and expand the advantages that wood has as a construction material. Further, the growing capability to use small logs, and diverse species, as raw material for the newer generation of forest products will magnify the carbon sequestration benefits from the working forest. A recipe of getting more benefits and improved utilization from the working forest is identified and described, while focusing on the means and methods of obtaining these benefits.

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