Spring Planting with Jack Pine Transplants Recommended for Blueberry-Sweetfern Sites in Northern Ontario

1968 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Spring Planting

Two experimental plantings were made at widely separated locations on the blueberry-sweet-fern (Vaccinium-Comptonia) sites of northern Ontario. Red pine and jack pine were planted in tests comparing seedlings and transplants, spring and fall planting, and several site-preparations and planting-methods. The results were examined in terms of first-and-fifth-year survival, and fifth-year heights.Red pine was not found as suitable for planting in this site as jack pine.In jack pine plots, the 2-1 transplants gave better survival and growth than the 2-0 seedlings.There was better survival and growth from spring planting than from fall planting.

scholarly journals Genetic Differentiation of Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana) and Red Pine (P. resinosa) Populations From Metal Contaminated Areas in Northern Ontario (Canada) Using ISSR Markers

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ranger ◽  
K. K. Nkongolo ◽  
P. Michael ◽  
P. Beckett
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Information Index

Abstract Metal accumulation in soil and plant tissues has caused severe ecological damage in forest ecosystems in the Sudbury region. The main objective of the present study was to determine the levels of genetic diversity in jack and red pine populations growing in metal contaminated and uncontaminated areas. Newly introduced populations were compared to 40 to 60 old populations. For jack pine, the percentage of polymorphic loci (P %) ranged from 14.6% to 45.8% with a mean of 31.6%. Nei’s gene diversity (h) varied from 0.046 to 0.169 with an average of 0.100, and Shannon’s index (I) ranged from 0.070 to 0.250 with an average of 0.153. The level of genetic variation was much lower in the red pine populations. For this species, the level of polymorphic loci varied from 4.55% to 27.27%. The mean for Nei’s gene diversity and Shannon’s information index, were 0.034 and 0.053, respectively. The highest genetic diversity values were observed in new plantations being developed by the Sudbury reforestation program. Overall, the genetic distance among the Pinus banksiana populations revealed that all the populations analyzed were genetically close to each other. There was no association between metal accumulation and genetic diversity for both species.

scholarly journals Armillaria Root Rot Damage in Softwood Plantations in Ontario

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Armillaria Root Rot ◽  
Annual Mortality

Armillaria root rot. caused most likely by Armillaria obscura (Pers) Herink, killed 6-to 21-year-old white spruce, black spruce, jack pine and red pine saplings in each of 49 plantations examined in northern Ontario. Annual mortality in the four species over the last 2 to 6 years averaged 1.4%, 1.5%, 0.5% and 0.2%, respectively. In all but one of 25 white spruce and red pine plantations (43 to 58 years old) in eastern and southern Ontario. Armillaria root rot was associated with mortality. Accumulated mortality in white spruce and red pine (initially recorded in 1978) averaged 7.6% and 11.7%, respectively, as of 1986. Current annual mortality for all plantations ranged from 0% to 16%. Key words: root rot. Armillaria obscura, white spruce, black spruce, jack pine, red pine.

Analysis and modelling of cohort life tables of jack pine seed cones

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1579-1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter De Groot ◽  
Richard A. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
The North ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
Seed Cone ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Specific Mortality

Life tables for jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) seed cones were constructed for cohorts at three sites in northern Ontario from 1985–1987 to determine the causes and temporal sequence of mortality. Seed cone abortion and feeding by the red squirrel, Tamiasciurushudsonicus (Erxleben), accounted for 65–75% of mortality. Insects killed about 4% of the total cone crop. Losses from the jack pine budworm, Choristoneurapinuspinus Freeman, the webbing coneworm, Dioryctriadisclusa Heinrich, and the red pine cone borer, Eucosmamonitorana Heinrich, combined, accounted for about 1%, while the cone resin midge, Asynaptahopkinsi Felt, and the red pine cone beetle, Conophthorusresinosae Hopkins, each killed about 1%. Three models, linear-exponential, Gompertz, and Weibull, were examined to describe seed cone survivorship curves, of which the Weibull generally gave concise descriptions and fitted very well. Significantly different patterns of cone survival occurred at different sites during the same period, and at the same site over different periods. The age-specific mortality rate increased with age most slowly in the bottom third of the tree's crown. There were significant differences in the age-specific mortality rate among the north, south, east, and west aspects in the same cohort, but there was no consistent pattern among cohorts, or between trees within a cohort.

scholarly journals Provisional guidelines for fall lifting for frozen overwinter storage of nursery stock

1976 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Mullin ◽  
J. D. Parker
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Planting Season ◽  
Spring Planting

An experiment was started in the fall of 1972 to study the effects of the date of fall lifting on the post-planting performance of overwinter stored white spruce and jack pine. Storage at two temperatures was used, 0°F (−18 °C) and 26°F (−4 °C), with the former a failure, the latter successful. Spring planting indicated that "too early" outplanting is possible. Stored white spruce may be used to extend the planting season into late spring, but not jack pine.Degree-Hardening-Days, D-H-D, i.e. cumulative daily differences below 50°F from soil temperatures at 15 cm depth, is suggested as a possible criterion of stock readiness for storage. White spruce was about 200 D-H-D and jack pine about 375. By inferences from other experiments white pine is about 225 D-H-D and red pine about 300.

Planting recommendations for blueberry — sweetfern sites in northern Ontario

1975 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-26
Author(s):  
R. E. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Average Height ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Local Conditions

This is an extension of a 1968 report on experiments established to study species, age-classes, and planting site treatments for blueberry-sweet-fern (Vaccinium-Comptonia) sites in northern Ontario. Red pine (3–0 and 2–2) and jack pine (2–0 and 2–1) were planted in scalped spots, in furrows, in herbicide-spray strips, in ground cover, and in bulldozed plots. This report is based on survival and height at 10 years after planting.The results suggest that jack pine is more satisfactory than red pine, producing much greater aggregate height (survival × average height). In both species transplants performed better than seedlings. Comparisons of site treatment and planting methods showed that furrowing and bulldozing were both satisfactory for 2–2 red pine, but that bulldozing was clearly the best method for jack pine.Reforestation of dry "blueberry-sweetfern" sites in north-central and northeastern Ontario has often been difficult. These plant associations occur on dry sands and gravels, usually following a fire, or a cutover and burn. The ground cover is Vaccinium spp. and Comptonia peregrina (L) Coult., with scattered herbs and grasses. There may also be light or open cover of trees, such as jack pine Pinus banksiana Lamb.), white birch (Betula payrifera Marsh) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). Jack pine is the common species for planting but under some local conditions red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) may be preferred.In 1959 experimental plots were established in the forest districts of Chapleau, Swastika and North Bay, to examine some aspects of the planting requirements for these sites. This report is based on the tenth-year survival and height measurements at Swastika and North Bay. The Chapleau plots are not included because of uncertainty caused by invasion of natural seedlings. An earlier report (Mullin 1968a) was based on the Chapleau and Swastika plots to the fifth-year after planting.

Estimation de la production de jeunes plantations de pin rouge et de pin gris du sud du Québec

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Bolghari
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
South Shore ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
St Lawrence River

Multiple regression equations have been developed to predict yield from young red pine and jack pine plantations. Data from 446 sample plots representing young red pine and jack pine stands located on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River between Quebec and Montreal were analysed. The red pine plantation yielded more than the jack pine. However, in plantation both species yield more than in natural stands. Taking into account the age and spacing of the sampled plantations, the equation obtained can provide information on yield of red pine and jack pine stands the maximum spacing of which is 3 × 3 m, up to the age of 45 and 35 years respectively. The equations will allow the construction of preliminary yield tables for both species.

Pathogenicity of Bursaphelenchusxylophilus on three species of pine

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Bedker ◽  
M. J. Wingfield ◽  
R. A. Blanchette
Keyword(s):  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Branch Death

Three species of 11-year-old pine trees were inoculated with Bursaphelenchusxylophilus in the field. Four branches in single whorls on red, Scots, and jack pine trees were wounded and inoculated with 10 000 nematodes each or with water extracts from Botrytiscinerea cultures. Prior to field inoculations, the pathogenicity of the nematode isolate was confirmed on seedlings in the greenhouse. Fourteen weeks after inoculation, 27 of 80 and 13 of 52 branches were dead or dying on Scots and jack pine trees, respectively. No symptoms were observed on red pine trees inoculated with B. xylophilus or on any controls. Branch death was attributed to the formation of girdling cankers resulting from inoculation. An average of 9.14, 10.39, and 0.02 nematodes were extracted per gram of wood from branch samples collected from Scots, jack, and red pine trees at 14 weeks, respectively, and at 58 weeks an average of 13.82, 1.01, and 0.05 nematodes per gram of wood sampled were recovered. Proportions of branch samples with nematodes declined from 14 to 58 weeks after inoculation. Although limited mortality of branches occurred, the pine wood nematode was not found to cause tree death following inoculation.

Container Volume Affects Survival and Growth of White Spruce, Black Spruce, and Jack Pine Seedlings: A Literature Review

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Craig Sutherland ◽  
Robert J. Day
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Production Phase ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Survival And Growth

Abstract This paper is the first general review of the affects of container volume on the survival and growth of containerized white spruce, black spruce, and jack pine seedlings. The review shows that the literature on this topic is fragmentary and inconsistent. Seedling growth in the greenhouse production phase has been more completely quantified than subsequent establishment and growth after out-planting in the field. In the greenhouse production phase, seedling growth increased from 72 to 360% when the container volume was tripled in size. After outplanting in the field, seedling growth trends were more variable. Seedling height growth increased from 34 to 84% when container volume was tripled in size. Seedling survival was more difficult to assess because of limited data. Only white spruce showed a 10% increase in survival with an increase in container volume. The indications from this literature review suggest that nursery managers and practicing foresters should become more aware of the limitations imposed on seedling survival and growth due to container volume. To maintain optional survival and growth for white spruce, black spruce and jack pine, the container volume should range from 90 to 120 cm3. North. J. Appl. For. 5:185-189, Sept. 1988.

Early Survival and Growth of Russian Pinus sylvestris L. in Canada

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-328
Author(s):  
A. H. Teich ◽  
M. J. Holst
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Stem Form ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Continental Climate ◽  
Better Than

Scots pine provenances from Russia were grown in Ontario at Longlac, Dorset and Chalk River, and in Saskatchewan at Prince Albert and Indian Head. After eight growing seasons in the field all provenances survived well. The three tallest, Orel, Woronesh and Kiev provenances, grew considerably taller than the others, and at Prince Albert, where native jack pine was also grown, the growth and survival of these provenances was also better than that of jack pine. If further studies show that this high performance persists and that stem form is commercially acceptable, seedlings from these three provenances may be useful for reforestation in those parts of Canada with a continental climate.

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