Analysis and modelling of cohort life tables of jack pine seed cones

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1579-1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter De Groot ◽  
Richard A. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
The North ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
Seed Cone ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Specific Mortality

Life tables for jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) seed cones were constructed for cohorts at three sites in northern Ontario from 1985–1987 to determine the causes and temporal sequence of mortality. Seed cone abortion and feeding by the red squirrel, Tamiasciurushudsonicus (Erxleben), accounted for 65–75% of mortality. Insects killed about 4% of the total cone crop. Losses from the jack pine budworm, Choristoneurapinuspinus Freeman, the webbing coneworm, Dioryctriadisclusa Heinrich, and the red pine cone borer, Eucosmamonitorana Heinrich, combined, accounted for about 1%, while the cone resin midge, Asynaptahopkinsi Felt, and the red pine cone beetle, Conophthorusresinosae Hopkins, each killed about 1%. Three models, linear-exponential, Gompertz, and Weibull, were examined to describe seed cone survivorship curves, of which the Weibull generally gave concise descriptions and fitted very well. Significantly different patterns of cone survival occurred at different sites during the same period, and at the same site over different periods. The age-specific mortality rate increased with age most slowly in the bottom third of the tree's crown. There were significant differences in the age-specific mortality rate among the north, south, east, and west aspects in the same cohort, but there was no consistent pattern among cohorts, or between trees within a cohort.

Polymorphic site index curves for jack pine in Northern Ontario

2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willard H. Carmean ◽  
G. Hazenberg ◽  
G. P. Niznowski
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Data ◽  
Site Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
The North

Stem-analysis data from dominant and codominant trees were collected from 383 plots located in fully stocked, even-aged, undisturbed mature jack pine stands. Separate site index curves were independently formulated for four regions of northern Ontario using the Newnham constrained nonlinear regression model; these formulations were used for comparing regional site index curves at three levels of site index (10 m, 15 m and 20 m).Comparisons showed that no significant differences existed between the four regional curves as well as with previously published site index curves for the North Central Region. Each of the four regions had similar polymorphic height-growth patterns; therefore, data for the four regions were combined and a single formulation was used to develop a polymorphic set of site index curves for all of northern Ontario. We found that poor sites in each region had almost linear height growth up to 100 years breast-height age, but for each region height growth became more curvilinear with increasing site index. The recommended site index curves for northern Ontario are based on a formulation using only data from plots 100 years and less but this formulation was not significantly different from a formulation using only data from plots 80 years and less, or a formulation that included all data from plots older than 100 years breast-height age.Comparisons were made between our northern Ontario curves and other jack pine site index curves for Ontario as well as curves for other areas of Canada and the United States. These comparisons generally showed considerable older age differences. Reasons for these differences are uncertain but could be due to differences in the amount and kind of data used for these other curves, could be due to differences in analytical methods, or could be due to regional differences in climate, soil and topography. Key words: site quality evaluation, polymorphic height growth, regional site index curves, site index prediction equations, comparisons among site index curves.

The effects on small-mammal populations of aerial applications of Bacillus thuringiensis, fenitrothion, and Matacil® used against jack pine budworm in Ontario

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1318-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan G. L. Innes ◽  
James F. Bendell
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
Choristoneura Pinus ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm

In late June 1985, both operational and experimental aerial spraying was conducted against an outbreak of jack pine budworm (Choristoneura pinus) in northern Ontario. We report the effects of the insecticides Bacillus thuringiensis, fenitrothion, and Matacil® on populations of rodents and shrews in young (20 years) and medium-aged (40 years) jack pine (Pinus banksiana) plantations. Live, snap, and pitfall traps were used to monitor small-mammal populations from early June to late August on four sprayed plots and two control plots. We found no statistically significant differences in abundances that could be attributed to an insecticide. However, pitfall trapping suggested that the abundance of shrews was altered by the fenitrothion spray. Both the pattern and magnitude of shrew captures was different relative to a control and two other treatment plots. This difference may have resulted from the lack of available prey (arthropods) on the fenitrothion plot. With the exception of fenitrothion, our results agree with other studies which suggest that standard applications of insecticides to control forest insects have no detectable or only limited impact on small mammals.

Spring Planting with Jack Pine Transplants Recommended for Blueberry-Sweetfern Sites in Northern Ontario

1968 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Spring Planting

Two experimental plantings were made at widely separated locations on the blueberry-sweet-fern (Vaccinium-Comptonia) sites of northern Ontario. Red pine and jack pine were planted in tests comparing seedlings and transplants, spring and fall planting, and several site-preparations and planting-methods. The results were examined in terms of first-and-fifth-year survival, and fifth-year heights.Red pine was not found as suitable for planting in this site as jack pine.In jack pine plots, the 2-1 transplants gave better survival and growth than the 2-0 seedlings.There was better survival and growth from spring planting than from fall planting.

scholarly journals Genetic Differentiation of Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana) and Red Pine (P. resinosa) Populations From Metal Contaminated Areas in Northern Ontario (Canada) Using ISSR Markers

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ranger ◽  
K. K. Nkongolo ◽  
P. Michael ◽  
P. Beckett
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Information Index

Abstract Metal accumulation in soil and plant tissues has caused severe ecological damage in forest ecosystems in the Sudbury region. The main objective of the present study was to determine the levels of genetic diversity in jack and red pine populations growing in metal contaminated and uncontaminated areas. Newly introduced populations were compared to 40 to 60 old populations. For jack pine, the percentage of polymorphic loci (P %) ranged from 14.6% to 45.8% with a mean of 31.6%. Nei’s gene diversity (h) varied from 0.046 to 0.169 with an average of 0.100, and Shannon’s index (I) ranged from 0.070 to 0.250 with an average of 0.153. The level of genetic variation was much lower in the red pine populations. For this species, the level of polymorphic loci varied from 4.55% to 27.27%. The mean for Nei’s gene diversity and Shannon’s information index, were 0.034 and 0.053, respectively. The highest genetic diversity values were observed in new plantations being developed by the Sudbury reforestation program. Overall, the genetic distance among the Pinus banksiana populations revealed that all the populations analyzed were genetically close to each other. There was no association between metal accumulation and genetic diversity for both species.

Oviposition and feeding on red pine by jack pine budworm at a previously unrecorded scale

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-222
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Fahrner ◽  
Jana S. Albers ◽  
Michael A. Albers ◽  
Todd Lanigan ◽  
Robert Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm

Jack pine budworm populations and staminate flowers

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1253-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Nealis
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Feeding Sites ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Active Feeding ◽  
Early Instar ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between jack pine budworm (Choristoneurapinuspinus Free.) and staminate flowers of its principal host, jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.), is reviewed. Data from jack pine budworm outbreaks in northern Ontario are used to examine the relationship between the relative frequency of staminate shoots and the mortality of early-and late-larval jack pine budworm. Although there was some indication that early-instar budworm may be more successful at establishing feeding sites when flowers are abundant, there was no evidence that larval survival during the active feeding stages of the budworm was enhanced by the presence of staminate flowers. The assumption that staminate flowers greatly influence jack pine budworm population dynamics is questioned.

Parasites of Neodiprion pratti banksianae Rohwer in Northern Ontario

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 653-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Jack Pine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
The North ◽  
One Year

Ourbreaks of the jack-pine sawfly, Neodiprion pratti banksianae Rohwer, occur in northern Ontario at irregular intervals. Two independent outbreaks within 50 miles of each other – one on Great Cloche Island (McGugan et al., 1952) which lies in the North Channel of Lake Huron between Manitoulin Island and the mainland, and the other near Nairn Centre, approximately 30 miles west of Sudbury, Ontario – offered an opportunity to study the parasitism of this important defoliator. In 1954, when the study was started, heavy defoliation had been reported for several years in the Great Cloche outbreak, and light defoliation had occurred for one year in the Nairn Centre outbreak. Populations decreased in the Great Cloche area but remained relatively constant at a low level in the Nairn Centre area during 1955 and 1956, when the work was completed.

scholarly journals Sphaeropsis sapinea Morphotypes Differ in Aggressiveness, but Both Infect Nonwounded Red or Jack Pines

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Blodgett ◽  
G. R. Stanosz
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Inoculation Site ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Sphaeropsis Sapinea ◽  
Natural Stands

Two morphotypes of Sphaeropsis sapinea, designated A and B, are recognized in the north central United States. Nonwounded seedlings of red (Pinus resinosa) and jack pine (P. banksiana) were inoculated with conidial suspensions of isolates of each morphotype obtained from hosts in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Wounded seedlings were inoculated with water agar plugs colonized by these isolates. Both morphotypes penetrated both hosts without wounding. On nonwounded seedlings the frequency of symptoms was 97% for A isolates and 18% for B isolates on red pine and 42% for A isolates and 6% for B isolates on jack pine. On average, isolates of the A morphotype also were more aggressive than B isolates on wounded seedlings of both pine species (A isolates causing needle necrosis 7.0 cm from the inoculation sites and B isolates 1.4 cm). Based on symptom severity (distance from the inoculation site at which necrotic needles were observed), A isolates could be distinguished from all B isolates on red pine, but not on jack pine. These observations indicate the potential importance of distinguishing between S. sapinea morphotypes encountered in nurseries, plantations, and natural stands.

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